RU83013U1 - DEVICE FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRE FIGHTS ON PEATLANDS AND ESPECIALLY COMPLEX FOREST FIRES - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for extinguishing fires on peat bogs and especially complex forest fires, consisting of a warhead designed to extinguish underground fires at various depths from 0.1 to 2.0 m and various areas, containing support equipment, which are devices for preparing fire-extinguishing liquid, means for delivering fire extinguishing liquid components to the fire, vehicles and transportation, characterized in that the warhead is made in the form of an arrow with the possibility of deepening into the thickness of the soil to the required depth and with possibility of supplying extinguishing mixture directly to the site of a fire.

Description

Application area

The utility model relates to devices and can be used to extinguish peat bog fires and particularly complex forest fires.

State of the art

Peatland fires arise as a result of complex biochemical reactions of decomposition of a solid organic component into liquid and gaseous [1, 2]. At the same time, a large amount of methane, ammonia, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide and oxygen with a very low content of nitrogen and carbon dioxide (usually in the amount of no more than 3-5%), which under normal conditions are natural extinguishing agents, is released. The process of decomposition of a solid component occurs by the release of a large amount of heat. With a decrease in the moisture content of peat, for example, when draining bogs, this heat may be enough for spontaneous ignition of the emitted gases and ignition of the solid component.

The situation is aggravated by the fact that an expanding fire on peatlands causes carbonization of the roots of trees growing on it, which leads to an increase in burning mass. In addition, the fire on peat bogs spreads quite deep underground (up to 2.0 meters), which makes the fight with it extremely difficult, usually reduced to mechanical methods (digging). With deep burning of peat, the resulting crust is broken by powerful jets of water. Due to the high water consumption, this method requires the presence of water sources with a sufficient debit near the fire.

Peat trunks ТС-1 and ТС-2 [3, 4, 5, 6] are often used to extinguish fires on peat bogs, which are a hollow brass tube with an inner diameter of 16 mm, a tip and a crane handle with a union nut. The lower part has 40 holes with a diameter of up to 3 mm. Water with a wetting agent comes from the motor pump to the trunk under a pressure of 3-4 atm through openings in the soil, to completely eliminate the fire

it is necessary to process a strip with a width of 0.7 ... 0.8 m adjacent to the edge of the outbreak. To create such a strip of wells should be placed in two rows. The first row is laid at a distance of 0.1 ... 0.2 m from the visible edge, and the second - at 0.3 ... 0.4 m from the first. Wells in each row create at a distance of 0.3 ... 0.4 m from each other. When pumping water into the trunks under a pressure of 3 ... 4 atm. (30 ... 40 m water. Art.) Water flow with a wetting agent is from 35 ... 42 l / min.

The main disadvantages of peat trunks is their extreme insecurity in operation, since the firefighter is located directly above the source of ignition, he is actively exposed to combustion products (smoke, high temperatures, dirt). In addition, the peat trunk is very expensive, almost 5 times more expensive than a conventional fire barrel type PC-25 and almost 12 times more expensive than a trunk type PC-50.

To extinguish forest fires, various chemical compositions are used [7]. They are divided into wetting, fire retarding (retardants) and fire extinguishing. Of the wetting chemicals, sulfanol is best known. It is a light yellow powder, instant in water. Its addition in an amount of 30 g per bucket of water (0.3% by weight of water or other solutions) increases the wetting properties. Detergents such as Progress, Don, Astra, as well as wetting agents of the OP-7, OP-10 and other groups, are also recommended as surface active substances (surfactants). Aqueous solutions of sulfanol and other wetting agents have shown high efficiency in the fight with stable soil fires, especially peat fires, they are able to quickly penetrate the thick layers of peat and forest litter.

All these chemicals are extremely environmentally harmful, especially when used on a mass scale (the usual rate of use is up to 3 kg per 1 square meter of fire) and extremely expensive. During their storage, transportation and use it is also necessary to strictly observe sanitary and hygienic requirements. Persons working with chemical compounds are provided with a set of work clothes. When preparing working solutions, performers must be equipped with glasses and respirators. Tanks, reservoirs and RLS intended for working with chemical solutions should have a bright inscription "For HV solutions". After finishing work with chemicals, take off your clothes, wash your hands, face, and rinse your mouth and throat.

Naturally, when extinguishing fires with such substances, the biocenosis of the fire site will be restored for a very long time, and there is no guarantee that the fire will not resume at any time, especially if there is no heavy rainfall.

The technical result of the utility model is to reduce the laboriousness of extinguishing underground peat fires while increasing the extinguishing efficiency, a sharp decrease in the consumption of fire extinguishing mixtures is ensured, contact of the fire brigade personnel with harmful combustion products is excluded.

Utility Model Implementation

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the device for extinguishing fires on peat bogs and particularly complex forest fires, consisting of a warhead designed to extinguish underground fires at various depths from 0.1 meters to 2.0 meters and various areas, containing means security, representing a device for the preparation of extinguishing fluid, means of delivery of the components of the extinguishing fluid to the fire, means of transportation and transportation, characterized in that the warhead is made in the form of rely chance of penetration in the soil strata to the required depth and to supply the extinguishing mixture directly to the site of a fire.

The device consists of replaceable warheads and support equipment.

Replaceable warheads are designed to extinguish various types of fire: underground on peat bogs (of various depths and ignition power), aboveground ground and horse, as well as in large areas or located at a great distance from the fire brigade in the absence of the opportunity to approach.

The support equipment is intended for supplying the components of the extinguishing mixture, ensuring the operation of the device and protecting the fire brigade personnel from the effects of combustion products.

Replaceable warheads and support equipment can be either portable, mounted on vehicles or stationary.

The principle of operation of the device is as follows (see Figure 1).

A vehicle (10) or trailer with a fixed extinguishing device is brought to a safe place of soil (18), not covered by fire.

From the tank (1) through the supply (7), and from the tank (2), the lime powder is poured into the mixer (3), in which the preparation of the extinguishing liquid is carried out. As the mixer can be used paddle or screw mixers. In this case, an increase in the homogeneity of the mixture, i.e. percentage matching components

their predetermined content in any minimum volume of the mixture. Why the water supply and the mixture are dosed.

Fire extinguishing liquid is pumped into the fire line (5) by a pump (4) and fed to the warhead (6).

With the help of a movable retractable device (boom) (15), the warhead is sent directly to the fire and is deepened to the required depth (from 0.1 meters to 2.0 meters). The vertical mobility of the boom can be realized, for example, on the basis of the fact that using a cable (8) thrown over the support roller (12) and wound around a coil (13), the warhead is pulled up or down up or down. The displacement of the warhead relative to the car frame on which it is mounted can be carried out, for example, by means of the fact that the boom is attached to the car frame by means of hinges (16).

The support roller (12) and the skein (13) together with the drive (9) rotating the skein (13) are placed on the support frame (11), which is rigidly or rotatably rotated around a horizontal axis and is mounted on the car (10).

The warhead (6) can go into the ground under the influence of the gravity of the load (14) of the warhead (as shown in Figure 1) or under pressure.

At the command of the operator, a fire extinguishing fluid is supplied to the fire site (17) and extinguishes the fire.

If necessary (with extensive fire), the operation is repeated again until the fire is completely extinguished.

The water supply directly extinguishes the fire, and the supply of calcium carbonate in the form of lime flour destroys biochemical reactions leading to the release of flammable gases and high temperatures. Thereby, a lasting effect in the fight against fires on peatlands is achieved.

If necessary, replaceable warheads can be replaced depending on the depth of the fire, on the area of ignition, and also used to extinguish lower and upper forest fires, as well as to extinguish buildings located in the forest zone.

The supply of the extinguishing mixture directly to the source of ignition, with the exception of evaporation from the surface of a peat bog heated to very high temperatures (usually during a strong fire covered with a dense and strong crust of sintered combustion products) provides a sharp decrease in the consumption of extinguishing mixtures. Due to this, the contact of the fire brigade personnel with harmful combustion products is also excluded.

The use of only environmentally friendly substances (water and lime flour) as components of fire extinguishing mixtures, in addition to directly extinguishing the fire, also provides a long-term (up to several years) fire-fighting effect due to the termination of biochemical reactions with the release of heat and combustible gases (methane, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide and oxygen) in the thickness of the peat bog.

Information sources:

1. Kozlov V.A. Shatursky peatlands: (Essays on the history of Shatur. Peat enterprises) / V.A. Kozlov. - Shatura: Knizhnik, 2001. - 197, [1] p., [22] p. ill., K., Portr .: tab .; 20 cm

2. Nikitin Yu.A. Prevention and suppression of fires in forests and peatlands / Yu.A. Nikitin, V.F. Rubtsov. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1986. - 95, [1] p .: ill .; 20 cm

3. Fire fighting equipment. Trunks fire manual. General technical requirements. Test Methods: Approved and enter. in effect GUGPS Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 01.02.99: Date entered. 05/01/99. - 2000. - 17 p.: Tab.

4. Stepanov K.N. Fire Engineering: A Handbook for Pract. employees of the authorities. and GPS units, as well as training. establishments and fire. - tech. Profile of EMERCOM of Russia / K.N. Stepanov, Ya.S. Povzik, I.V. Rybkin. - M .: Special equipment, 2003 (PIC VINITI). - 399 pp., Ill., Tab .; 21 cm. - (Reference).

5. Valendik E.N. The fight against large forest fires / E.N. Valendik; Repl. ed. N.P. Kurbatsky; USSR Academy of Sciences, Sib. Department, Institute of Forest and Timber named after V.N.Sukacheva. - Novosibirsk: Science: Sib. Department, 1990. - 191, [2] p .: ill .; 22 cm

6. Recommendations for the detection and suppression of forest fires (approved by Rosleskhoz on December 17, 1997)

7. Sretensky V.A. Emergency extinguishing of lower forest fires and peat bogs without water / V.A. Sretensky. - Perm: Publishing house Perm. state Univ., 2004 .-- 188 pp .: ill., fax .; 20 cm

Claims (1)

A device for extinguishing fires on peat bogs and especially complex forest fires, consisting of a warhead designed to extinguish underground fires at various depths from 0.1 to 2.0 m and various areas, containing support equipment, which are devices for preparing fire-extinguishing liquid, means for delivering fire extinguishing liquid components to the fire, vehicles and transportation, characterized in that the warhead is made in the form of an arrow with the possibility of deepening into the thickness of the soil to the required depth and with possibility of supplying extinguishing mixture directly to the site of a fire.