RU78233U1 - GEOMATRIC (OPTIONS) AND DEVICE FOR TENSIONING A GEOMATRIC TAPE - Google Patents

Abstract

Technical solutions relate to the field of increasing the bearing capacity of foundations, namely, to strengthening the soil foundation, for example, in water-saturated or waterlogged soils, for various structures or objects located on it, preferably pipelines.

The technical task is to create a geomatrix - a filtering geogrid and means of its laying, which, when their operation and design are simple, ensure that the local soil loaded into the cells is loaded under the rated load, as well as preventing its washing out under various hydrogeological operating conditions, preferably in the trenches of main pipelines, the foundation of the roadbed of roads, sites, driveways, entrances, etc.

This is achieved by the fact that in various embodiments, the geomatrix contains ribbons mounted on the end, at least some of which are made of synthetic polymeric material with filtering ability, and the ribbons are interconnected to form their planes in the plan of linearly located cells of rectangular or quasi-rectangular shape and the geomatrix is equipped with an attached panel in the form of a bottom made of a synthetic polymer material having a filtering ability connected to the edge at least, partly from tapes with the formation of a flexible duct open on top and divided into the said cells. In addition, the geomatrix is equipped with boxes of thermoplastic material connected to opposite sides of the box, for example, polyethylene or a material based on it, preferably perforated and alternating with tapes of synthetic filter material, and forming said cells with them. At the same time, the tapes in the box are located rectilinearly, and their planes are mutually parallel, or at least part of the tapes made of synthetic polymeric material with filtering ability are located in the box with the formation of alternating with straight sections U-shaped in terms of protrusions

in size of said cell, wherein the cells are formed by fastening, preferably by stitching or welding, the ribs at the top of the U-shaped in terms of the protrusions of one tape with the ribs at the base of the U-shaped in terms of the protrusions of another tape or at least one of the said ribs with additional rectilinear tape. The attached panel in the form of a bottom is made with an inlet of at least a pair of opposite sides of the box, discreetly stitched or welded with them, preferably with the formation of external pockets. The geomatrix can be optimally made 2.2-6.5 m long and 2.2-6.5 m wide and have loops or cords for ties, at least on two opposite sides of the box, for attachment to a device that provides tension and retention of tapes when loading material into the cells to fill them, for example, soil, or to connect adjacent geomatrices to each other. The device used to install the geomatrix, the device for tensioning its tapes is made in the form of parallel beams with anchor, preferably rod or plate protrusions placed in the cavities of the cells, and the beams are connected by rods. At least a part of the rods, preferably located symmetrically to the central axis of the device, is made hinged with a force closure of the hinge in their rectilinear position, or at least a part of the rods, preferably located symmetrically to the central axis of the device, are made with the possibility of changing them lengths and equipped with power mechanisms with clamps of their position or at least part of the rods are equipped with guide plates protruding above them and / or entering the cells, at least to part of their depth. In addition, at least part of the length of the beams, preferably in their upper part or on the outer lateral side, protrusions are fixed for fastening loops or cords for tying the geomatrix. The device for tensioning the geomatrix tapes can be equipped with a device for stabilizing the position of the tapes when installed in the design position or loading material into their cells, made in the form of rotary or folding pins embedded in the tapes. 5 n.p. f-ly

Description

The proposed technical solutions relate to the field of increasing the bearing capacity of foundations for various structures or objects located on it, preferably pipelines, and in particular, to means for strengthening a soil foundation, for example, in water-saturated or waterlogged soils. Geomatrix (GM), as well as other similar means - geomats, geogrids, etc., is used to increase the bearing capacity of the subgrade base of various structures (roads, driveways, porches, platforms, etc.), to strengthen embankments and slopes (cones , dams, roadsides, etc.), as elements of anti-erosion and protective structures, reinforcing weak bases in various climatic zones. GM is used in the field of construction, overhaul and reconstruction of oil, gas and gas production, transportation and storage facilities, gas supply, gas consumption and other facilities.

Known geomat formed by tapes of non-woven synthetic material, stacked parallel to each other with the formation in the transverse direction of the foot and connected in adjacent tapes with each other along their height by welded solid seams with alternating along the length of the tape connecting two tape seams in a staggered manner with seams connecting these tapes with adjacent outer tapes, so that when moving the tapes in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the geomat, perpendicular to the initial moment of their surface, they form a rhombus prominent cell, wherein at least part of the strips is formed with reinforcing elements (RU №60545 U1, E02D 17/12, 2006 YG). However, the diamond-shaped structure and the checkerboard pattern of the joint seams do not

ensure proper stability of the tapes when filling diamond-shaped cells with bulk material, which leads to different densities of the geomat's area and, as a result, different bearing capacity. The lack of a bottom, as an integral element of the design of the geomat, does not allow guaranteed to keep loose bulk material in its cells.

Known geomat honeycomb structure made of flexible strips mounted on the ribs and interconnected by linear stitches located in a checkerboard pattern, characterized in that the strips are made of non-woven geotextiles, reinforced with sizing and stitched seams located uniformly over the area of the strips and parallel to their base while the distance between the seams and the width of the stitch are 2-5 mm, while the connection of the strips between themselves is made by one or more stitched seams with reinforcement of the edge zones (RU No. 2180030 C1, E02D 17/20, 2 002 g.). However, the absence of a bottom, as an integral element of the design of the geomat, does not allow guaranteed to keep the bulk material placed in its cells, the location of the seams in a checkerboard pattern leads to different stresses in the bands forming its structure when the geomat is stretched, which negatively affects their stability (preservation cell shape) when filling with bulk material. This leads to the appearance of areas of uneven area with different bearing capacity, and, as a result, to undesirable local subsidence.

Known geogrid containing a set of flexible tapes stitched in a checkerboard pattern, perpendicular to the long sides of the flexible tapes with seams with the possibility of forming a cellular structure filled with bulk soil when laying a set of flexible tapes with their long edges on the ground and applying transverse and longitudinal calculated tensile forces to the extreme tapes with subsequent fixation on the soil of the cells around the perimeter of the stretched set of flexible tapes, in which to increase stability, strength and

the transverse stiffness of the geogrid, flexible ribbons are made of soft rolled materials, and the geogrid cells are hexagonal, for which the fastening seams are made of equal strength material and doubled with a distance between the double seams not exceeding half the distance between the internal seams of the pairs forming the geogrid cells (RU No. 2228479 C1, F16L 1/00, 2004). The shape of the cell in the form of a hexagon does not provide the necessary uniformity of voltage forming the cell tapes, which also leads to the disadvantages described above. In addition, the lack of a bottom does not guarantee the reliability of the structure created using this geogrid due to the filtration and leaching of bulk material from its cells.

Known cellular design of the geomatrix, containing a set of flexible tapes fastened perpendicular to their long sides and staggered seams with the possibility of forming a cellular structure filled with bulk soil, which is equipped with a base made of filtering non-woven synthetic material that is fastened with a cellular structure, and the flexible tapes forming the cellular structure are made from soft rolled materials (published application No. 2005126259, ЕСС 13/00, 2007). However, the location of the stitching fastening tapes in a staggered manner also, as noted above, leads to the appearance of multidirectional force vectors and does not provide the required reliability of the joint during tension within the elastic deformation of the flexible tapes forming the cellular structure, which negatively affects the stability of their position when loading in cells of the material and does not provide the necessary uniformity of the bearing capacity of the cellular structure filled with bulk soil. The use of soft rolled materials for the structure of the cell will also not ensure the stability of its shape when filling with bulk material, which will also lead to a non-uniform load-bearing capacity of the geomatrix.

Known geogrid formed from stretched on anchors staggered cells that are filled with soil, and the base structure of these geogrids is multilevel (US No. 4778309, E02D 29/00, 1988). This design, due to the staggered arrangement of its cells and the lack of a bottom, has the disadvantages described above.

The known design of the geogrid, formed from separate connected by ends of each other boxes of synthetic material, filled with soil and having a coating (US No. 4726708, Е02 В 3/12, 1988). However, this design does not form a single supporting structural element due to the possibility of displacement of its constituent boxes, which do not have a voltage supply system for the synthetic material forming them when loading bulk material into them, which will not provide the required uniform distribution of the bearing capacity over the area created by the geogrid structure.

Known geogrid in the form of a soil module, filled with local loose soil, made of tapes of technical fabric (http://www.vniist.ipt.ru/list32.html, 04/07/2008). The structure of this geogrid leads to the appearance (as can be seen from this figure) of different stresses in the ribbons forming it and, as a result, to a different strain value, at which it is rather laborious to form a single structure from several geogrids installed in a row. In addition, the lack of a bottom allows you to extend to it the above-mentioned disadvantages of other designs.

The closest known one is a geomatrix made of synthetic tapes covering the corners of the formed anchor cells, passed through a cloth laid under the grid and not connected to it (US No. 5580190, E02D 17/20, 1996). This design does not allow guaranteed to keep in the cells loaded into it material.

The technical task is to create a geomatrix and its laying means, which ensure, with ease of operation and design, a uniform density distribution of the material loaded into the cells, while ensuring the stability of the cell walls due to the creation of an axial (longitudinal tape) stress state of them during loading, guaranteed holding under load in the cells of various building materials, including the use of local soil, as well as the prevention of its leaching in various guides ogeologicheskih operating conditions, preferably - main pipelines in trenches, foundations subgrade roads, playgrounds, driveways, porches, etc. on the slopes.

A geomatrix, by definition in this case, is a set of interconnected, filled in working order, preferably bulk materials, cells having a bottom common to the geomatrix or separate to a cell or group of cells, arranged in a certain sequence.

This is achieved by the fact that:

- In one embodiment, the geomatrix contains ribbons, at least some of which are made of synthetic polymeric material with filtering ability, and the ribbons are interconnected to form planes linearly or sequentially along the length or width of the geomatrix of the arranged rectangular or quasi-rectangular cells , and the geomatrix is provided with a strip discretely or continuously attached to the tapes or stripes discretely or continuously attached to at least part of the tapes trezkami forming the bottom of a synthetic resin material having a filtering capability, coupled with at least a portion of the webs to form an open-topped and divided into said flexible duct cells. At the same time, the geomatrix can be equipped with ribbons connected to opposite sides of the box

thermoplastic material, for example from polyethylene or from a material based on it, preferably perforated and alternating with tapes of synthetic filter material, and forming said cells with them. Tapes in a box can be located rectilinearly, and their planes are mutually parallel. At least part of the tapes made of synthetic polymeric material with filtering ability can be located in the box with the formation of alternating with straight sections of U-shaped in terms of protrusions in size of the said cell, and the cells are formed by bonding, preferably by piercing or welding, ribs at the top of the U-shaped in terms of the protrusions of one tape with ribs at the base of the U-shaped in terms of the protrusions of another tape or at least one of the said ribs with additional straight ynoy tape. The attached panel in the form of a bottom can be made with an inlet at least on a pair of opposite sides of the box, discreetly stitched or welded with them, preferably with the formation of external pockets. The geomatrix can be made 2.2-6.5 m long and 2.2-6.5 m wide and have loops or cords for ties, at least on two opposite sides of the box, for attachment to a device that provides tension and retention tapes when loaded into the cells of the material of their filling, for example, soil, and / or for connecting adjacent geomatrixes to each other.

- In another embodiment, the geomatrix contains tapes mounted on the end on its bottom with the formation of a flexible duct, open at the top and divided into cells of a rectangular or quasi-rectangular shape, connected with the possibility of joint transportation with the bottom, while at least part of the tapes is made of synthetic a polymer material with filtering ability, and the tape is connected with the formation of their planes in terms of linearly spaced cells, and the bottom of the geomatrix is made of flexible sheet

a polymeric material having slots and / or holes. In this case, the slots can be made slotted, preferably rectilinear, and / or intersecting, for example, with the formation of beams or zigzags, the length of the slot allowing it to open under the influence of a mass of material filling the cell to filter water.

- In the third embodiment, the geomatrix contains tapes mounted on the end on its bottom with the formation of a flexible duct, open from above and divided by tapes connected to it into cells of a rectangular or quasi-rectangular shape linearly arranged in the plan with the possibility of transportation together with the bottom, at least some of the tapes are made of synthetic polymeric material with a filtering ability, and the bottom of the geomatrix is formed by at least one mesh layer of a polymeric material or layers of mesh and a synthetic resin material having a filtering capability. In this case, when the bottom is made of mesh layers of a polymeric material or layers of mesh and a synthetic polymer material, a layer with a greater filtering ability is located above the layer with a lower filtering ability, and the above layer has an area less than or equal to the area of the underlying layer.

- In the fourth embodiment, the geomatrix contains tapes, at least some of which are made of synthetic polymeric material with filtering ability, the tapes being connected between the oboe to form their planes in the plan of rectangular or quasi-rectangular cells, the longitudinal axes of which are parallel to the corresponding end sides of the geomatrix , which is equipped with a bottom attached to the tapes in the form of a continuous panel or strip segments forming it, the bottom being made of at least one o, synthetic polymeric material, mesh and / or

possessing filtering ability, and connected to at least part of the tapes with the formation of a flexible duct open on top and divided into the said cells.

- The device for tensioning the geomatrix tapes is made in the form of parallel beams with anchor, preferably rod or plate protrusions placed in the cavities of the cells, and the beams are connected by rods. At least part of the rods, preferably located symmetrically to the central axis of the device, can be made hinged with a force closure of the hinge in their rectilinear position. Or, at least part of the rods, preferably located symmetrically to the central axis of the device, is made integral with the possibility of changing their length and equipped with power mechanisms with clamps for their position. Or, at least part of the rods are provided with guide plates protruding above them and / or entering the cells, at least part of their depth. Or, at least on a part of the length of the beams, preferably in their upper part or on their outer lateral side, protrusions for fastening loops or cords for tying the geomatrix are fixed. In addition, the device for tensioning the geomatrix tapes can be equipped with a device for stabilizing the position of the tapes when installed in the design position or loading material into their cells, made in the form of pivoting or folding pins inserted by ends or protrusions into the tapes.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the filtering geomatrix with longitudinal (or transverse) rectangular or quasi-rectangular cells for the entire length (or width) of the geomatrix. At the same time, by “quasi” - (from lat.quasi - it seems, as if, as it were), we mean a component of complex words corresponding in meaning to the word: “close”.

Figure 2 is the same with cells divided into linearly arranged structures.

Figure 3 is a diagram of the formation of cells (offset in the direction of the arrows with subsequent connection).

Figure 4 is a fragment of the bottom of the filtering synthetic material connected to at least part of the tapes with the formation of a flexible duct open on top and divided into said cells.

Figure 5 is a fragment of a geomatrix with a lap bottom on one of its sides.

6 is a fragment of the formation of cells with a rectilinear tape.

In Fig.7 is a General view of the device for tensioning the filters of the filter geomatrix, located in the design position above the geomatrix.

On Fig - a device for tensioning the tapes of the filter geomatrix with guide plates fixed to it for dividing the flow of bulk material.

Figure 9 presents a device for stabilizing the position of the tapes when installing the geomatrix in the design position or when loading material into their cells.

Figure 10 is a section along aa in figure 9

The geomatrix contains tapes 1 mounted on the end face, at least some of which are made of synthetic polymer material (technical conditions are discussed below), which has a filtering ability. Tapes 1 are interconnected with their planes forming in plan linearly (i.e. sequentially one after another in the direction perpendicular to the lateral side of the geomatrix) located cells 2 of rectangular or quasi-rectangular shape. The geomatrix is equipped with an attached panel in the form of a bottom 3 made of a synthetic polymer material with filtering ability. The bottom 3 is connected to at least part of the tapes with the formation of open from above and divided into said cells 2

flexible box. The geomatrix is equipped with tapes of thermoplastic material connected to opposite sides of the box, for example of polyethylene or a material based on it, preferably perforated and alternating with tapes of synthetic filtering material, and forming said cells with them. This alternation of tapes made of different materials ensures their mutual support and improves their stability when backfill cells 2. Moreover, the tapes in the box are arranged rectilinearly, and their planes are mutually parallel or at least some of the tapes made of synthetic polymer material having filtering ability, is located in the box with the formation of alternating with straight sections of U-shaped in terms of protrusions (Fig.3, 4) in size of said cell, and the cells are formed by bonding, pre sim ilar stitching or welding (continuous or discrete), the ribs at the apex of the U-shaped projections in terms of audio tapes with ribs at the bottom of U-shaped in plan tape or other projections, at least one of said rectilinear edges with additional tape. The attached panel in the form of a bottom 3 is made with an inlet (on the outer part of the height of the box along its perimeter), at least a pair of opposite sides of the box, discreetly stitched or welded with them, preferably with the formation of external pockets 4. Geomatrix can be made with dimensions specified in table 2, and also, preferably, 2.2-6.5 m long and 2.2-6.5 m wide and have loops or cords 5 for ties, at least on two opposite sides of the box, for fastenings to the device providing a tension and deduction of tapes When loaded into the cells 2 of filling material, such as soil, or to connect adjacent geomatrits each other, which eliminates the possibility of gaps therebetween during operation.

To hold the geomatrix in its design position under loading bulk material into it, there is a device for tensioning the geomatrix tapes,

representing a conductor. The device for tensioning the geomatrix tapes is made in the form of parallel beams 5 with anchor, preferably rod or plate protrusions 6, placed in the cavities of the cells 2, and the beams are interconnected by rods 7. At least part of the rods 7, preferably symmetrically arranged the central axis of the device is made hinged with a force circuit of the hinge 8 in their rectilinear position. Part of the rods 7, preferably located symmetrically to the central axis of the device, are made integral with the possibility of changing their length and are equipped with power mechanisms 9 with latches for their position. A part of the rods is provided with guide plates 10 protruding above them and / or entering the cells 2, at least part of their depth. In addition, at least part of the length of the beams 5, preferably in their upper part or on the outer lateral side, protrusions 11 are fixed for fastening loops or cords for tying the geomatrix. The device for tensioning the geomatrix tapes can be adjacent equipped with a device for stabilizing the position of the tapes when installed in the design position or loading material into their cells, made in the form of rotary or folding pins 12, inserted by the ends into the tapes 1. For the manufacture of the geomatrix, materials made of according to GOST 18215-87, TU 8388-033-00327586-2006, TU 2281-113-00204027-2000, TU 17 of the Russian Federation 21.2-248-57-2000 with reference No. 1, 2, TU 5772-008-25388761-2002, TU 8397-056-05283280-2002, or other GOST or TU with technical characteristics that meet the requirements of similar specifications, regulatory and technical documentation for their production and have a quality certificate ( passport). For the manufacture of geomatrix, durable, resistant to microbiological influences, durable in soil conditions, environmentally friendly synthetic materials are used. A combination of different materials is allowed. For cutting tapes and

bottoms from which the geomatrix is made, a web of synthetic material can be used with specified technical characteristics that meet the above requirements.

Technical requirements for the materials used for the manufacture of geomatrix and methods for their testing are given in table 1.

Table 1 Name of indicator Value Test method Surface density, g / sq.m Not less one hundred GOST 15902.1-80 GOST 15901.1-80 GOST 29104.1-91 Breaking load along the length and width of the strip 50 mm, N Not less 325 GOST 15902.3-79 GOST 29104.4-91 Thickness at a load of 2 kPa, mm Not less 0.5 ± 15% GOST 12023-93 Fragility temperature, ° С Not less -60 GOST 8747-88 Filtration coefficient, m / s Not less 10 Methodology of UNION Group of combustible materials of medium flammability KU = 28.4% vol. GOST 12.1.044-89

Additional characteristics of the materials used for the manufacture of geomatrix:

- The material can be protected by a polymer composition;

- The material must be non-toxic to personnel and environmentally friendly;

- The material should not serve as a food product of rodents;

- The estimated service life of the material in the soil should be at least 30 years.

As examples in table 2 shows the typical design and dimensions of the geomatrix. (It is allowed for individual projects to produce a geomatrix of other sizes in compliance with the parameters specified in table 1).

table 2 №№ Type of Size range Matrix height (h), mm Cell Size (L) mm Matrix length (B), m Matrix Width (A), m one GM 5.5 fifty 50 × 50 5,0 2,5 2 GM 10.5 fifty 100 × 100 5,0 2,5 3 GM 15.5 fifty 150 × 150 5.1 2,4 four GM 10.10 one hundred 100 × 100 5,0 2,5 5 GM 15.10 one hundred 150 × 150 5.1 2,4 6 GM 20.10 one hundred 200 × 200 5.2 2,4 7 GM 30.10 one hundred 300 × 300 5.1 2,4 8 GM 15.15 150 150 × 150 5.1 2,4 9 GM 20.15 150 200 × 200 5.2 2,4 10 GM 30.15 150 300 × 300 5.1 2,4 eleven GM 20.20 200 200 × 200 5.2 2,4 12 GM 30.20 200 300 × 300 5.1 2,4 13 GM 30.30 300 300 × 300 3.6 3.0 fourteen GM 40.30 300 400 × 400 3.6 3.2 fifteen GM 40.40 400 400 × 400 3.6 3.2 16 GM 50.40 400 500 × 500 3,5 3.0 17 GM 50.50 500 500 × 500 3,5 3.0 eighteen GM 60.60 600 600 × 600 3.6 3.0 19 GM 70.60 600 700 × 700 3,5 2,8 twenty GM 70.70 700 700 × 700 3,5 2,8 21 GM 80.70 700 800 × 800 3.2 3.2 22 GM 80.80 800 800 × 800 3.2 3.2 23 GM 90.90 900 900 × 900 2.7 2.7 24 GM 100.100 1000 1000 × 1000 3.0 3.0 25 GM 100.110 1100 1000 × 1000 3.0 3.0 26 GM 100.125 1250 1000 × 1000 3.0 3.0 27 GM 150.125 1250 1500 × 1500 3.0 3.0

Claims (17)

1. A geomatrix containing ribbons, at least some of which are made of synthetic polymeric material with filtering ability, and the ribbons are interconnected to form planes linearly or sequentially along the length or width of the geomatrix of the arranged cells of rectangular or quasi-rectangular shape, and the geomatrix is equipped with a strip discretely or continuously attached to the tapes or strip segments discretely or continuously attached to at least a portion of the tapes, forming of the bottom of a synthetic resin material having a filtering capability, coupled with at least a portion of the webs to form an open-topped and divided into said flexible duct cells. 2. The geomatrix according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with tapes of thermoplastic material connected to opposite sides of the duct, for example of polyethylene or of a material based on it, preferably perforated and alternating with tapes of synthetic filter material and forming said cells . 3. The geomatrix according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tapes in the box are located rectilinearly, and their planes are mutually parallel. 4. Geomatrix according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least part of the tapes made of synthetic polymer material having a filtering ability is located in the box with the formation of alternating with straight sections U-shaped in terms of protrusions in size of said cell moreover, the cells are formed by fastening, preferably by stitching or welding, the ribs at the top of the U-shaped in terms of the protrusions of one tape with the ribs at the base of the U-shaped in terms of the protrusions of another tape or at least one of the x ribs with extra straight tape. 5. Geomatrix according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the attached panel in the form of a bottom is made with an inlet on at least a pair of opposite sides of the box discretely stitched or welded with them, preferably with the formation of external pockets. 6. Geomatrix according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is made 2.2-6.5 m long and 2.2-6.5 m wide and has loops or cords for ties at least on two opposite sides of the box for fastening to a device that provides tension and retention of tapes when loading material into their cells, for example soil, and / or for connecting adjacent geomatrices to each other. 7. A geomatrix containing tapes mounted on an end on its bottom with the formation of a flexible duct open on top and divided into rectangular or quasi-rectangular cells connected with the possibility of transportation together with the bottom, while at least part of the tapes is made of synthetic polymer material with filtering ability, and the tapes are connected with the formation of their planes in terms of linearly located cells, and the bottom of the geomatrix is made of a flexible sheet polymer material Ala with slots and / or holes. 8. The geomatrix according to claim 7, characterized in that the slots are slotted, preferably rectilinear, and / or intersecting, for example, with the formation of beams or zigzags, the length of the slot allowing it to open under the influence of a mass of material filling the cell to filter water. 9. A geomatrix containing tapes mounted on an end on its bottom with the formation of a flexible duct open from above and divided by connected tapes into rectangular or quasi-rectangular cells linearly arranged in plan with the possibility of transportation together with the bottom, at least part of tapes are made of synthetic polymeric material with filtering ability, and the bottom of the geomatrix is formed by at least one layer of mesh from a polymer material or by layers of mesh and synth synthetic polymer material with filtering ability. 10. The geomatrix according to claim 9, characterized in that, when the bottom thereof is made of mesh layers of polymer material or layers of mesh and synthetic polymer material, a layer with a greater filtering ability is located above the layer with a lower filtering ability, and the upstream layer has an area smaller or equal to the area of the underlying layer. 11. A geomatrix containing ribbons, at least some of which are made of synthetic polymeric material with filtering ability, and the ribbons are interconnected to form their planes in the plan of rectangular or quasi-rectangular cells, the longitudinal axes of which are parallel to the corresponding end sides of the geomatrix, which equipped with a bottom attached to the tapes in the form of a continuous panel or strip segments forming it, and the bottom is made of at least one synthetic polymeric material, mesh and / or having a filtering ability, and connected to at least part of the tapes with the formation of a flexible box open on top and divided into the said cells. 12. A device for tensioning the geomatrix tapes, made in the form of parallel beams with anchor, preferably rod or plate protrusions placed in the cavities of the cells, and the beams are connected by rods. 13. The device for tensioning the geomatrix tapes according to claim 12, characterized in that at least part of the rods, preferably located symmetrically to the central axis of the device, are hinged with a force closure of the hinge in their straight position. 14. The device for tensioning the geomatrix tapes according to claim 12, characterized in that at least part of the rods, preferably located symmetrically to the central axis of the device, are made with the possibility of changing their length and are equipped with power mechanisms with latches for their position. 15. The device for tensioning the geomatrix tapes according to any one of claims 12-14, characterized in that at least part of the rods are provided with guide plates protruding above them and / or entering the cells at least part of their depth. 16. The device for tensioning the geomatrix tapes according to any one of paragraphs 12-14, characterized in that at least part of the length of the beams, preferably in their upper part or on their outer lateral side, protrusions for fastening loops or cords for tying the geomatrix are fixed . 17. The device for tensioning the geomatrix tapes according to any one of paragraphs 12-14, characterized in that it is equipped with a device for stabilizing the position of the tapes when they are installed in the design position or loaded into the cells of the material to fill them, made in the form of rotary or folding pins inserted by the ends or tabs in ribbons.