RU70553U1 - CORNER SENSOR AND ROTATION FREQUENCY OF THE SHAFT FOR THE IGNITION SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an ignition system for internal combustion engines.

The technical problem to which the utility model is directed is the creation of an inexpensive, reliable sensor for the conversion of engines with an ignition distributor to a contactless ignition system.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the developed small-sized sensor is installed in the standard housing of the ignition distributor without any machine or bench work on it. The contact system for the distribution of high voltage by candles is replaced by electronic distribution according to the "blank spark" method. The standard mechanical centrifugal controller is fixed in the set position, and the calculation of the lead angle is carried out in the electronic control unit based on the readings of the sensors.

The proposed device is a Hall effect transducer and consists of the following main parts:

1. Magnetic rotor of the sensor of angular position and frequency of rotation of a camshaft. The magnetic rotor is made with alternating magnetic poles on the side surface, the angular position of which is uniquely determined by the design of the rotor. The number of poles of the same name is equal to the number of cylinders served by the ignition distributor. The magnetic rotor is dressed on the shaft of the ignition distributor, a slot is made on the lower end surface of the rotor. Torque from the shaft of the ignition distributor is transmitted to the magnetic rotor through the slot on the upper end surface of the phase setter housing.

2. Housings of the phase setter mounted on the shaft of the ignition distributor below the magnetic rotor. The phase setter housing fixes a standard centrifugal ignition timing controller in a predetermined angular position. This is achieved by introducing the axis of the centrifugal load into the hole (or slot) in the housing of the phase setter. Radially magnetized permanent magnets are fixed on the side surface of the phase adjuster housing.

3. Easily removable housing for Hall sensors mounted on the ignition distributor cover parallel to the ignition distributor shaft. Hall sensors are located along the longitudinal axis of the housing so that their sensitive surfaces are opposite the magnetic rotor and phase setter. The planes of the sensitive surfaces of the Hall sensors are perpendicular to the radial plane drawn to the center of their sites from the axis of the shaft.

The principle of operation of the proposed sensor is based on measuring the magnetic field generated by a magnetic rotor with alternating magnetic poles. When the rotor rotates, the magnetic field in the area of the Hall sensor periodically passes through zero. The moment of passage of the magnetic field through zero with a fixed Hall sensor is determined by the angular position of the camshaft. By turning the ignition distributor housing, set the initial ignition timing corresponding to the moment the Hall sensor is turned on (or off). Correction of the ignition timing depending on the speed and engine load is carried out in the electronic control unit by delaying the sparking for the estimated time relative to the moment the Hall sensor is turned on (or off). In the ignition system, which works in conjunction with the sensor in question, a non-contact method can be used.

spark distribution, called the “blank spark” method. The choice of a group of cylinders is carried out by the electronic control unit, taking into account the combination code from the phase sensors.

Literature:

1. Pyatkov K.B., Ignatov A.P., Kosarev S.N., Novokshonov K.V., Yametov V.A. Cars of the BA3-2108 family, - 2109. Manual for maintenance and repair. Book and magazine publishing house “Behind the wheel” 1999

2. Yutt V.E. Electric equipment of cars. - M .: Transport, 1989

3. Orlov E.N. UAZ cars. Maintenance and repair.- M.: Transport. 1993 g.

4. Glezer G.N. and Oparin I.M. Automotive electronic ignition systems. M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1977.

5. RF patent №2289721

6. RF patent №98100421

7. RF patent No. 2073794

8. DE 2501247 B2, 01/08/1976.

9. FR 2361548 A1, 04/14/1978.

10. EP 0173590 A1, 03/05/1986.

11. DE 2557834 A1, 10/07/1976.

Description

The invention relates to an ignition system for internal combustion engines. The proposed device is a sensor of the angular position and speed of the camshaft with Hall effect transducers.

An analogue of the utility model is a microprocessor ignition control system for a VAZ carburetor engine [1].

The disadvantage of the aforementioned ignition system of VAZ cars is the need to use two sensors - a reference sensor and an angle pulse sensor. These are induction-type sensors, the signal from which is small at a low speed, which complicates the engine starting when the battery is discharged or in cold weather. In addition, the induction sensors of the VAZ microprocessor ignition system remove the signal from the engine flywheel, which makes it difficult to convert the cars to this ignition system due to the complexity of the sensors installation.

The closest analogue to this utility model is an electronic ignition system according to application No. 98100421/06 (Russia, F02P 7/07, F02P 3/00, publication date 1999.10.27), which presents an electronic ignition system containing a disk made of a material that does not contain iron , with two permanent magnets of opposite polarity mounted on it, mounted on the cam shaft of an internal combustion engine, several sensors working according to the Hall principle with a latch, each of which is designed to determine the polarity of permanent magnets s during the rotation of the rotating disk, wherein the sensors are spaced apart in the circumferential direction with respect to

relative to each other around the axis of rotation of the disk and arranged in a plane parallel to and adjacent to the disk, means for generating high-voltage ignition signals issued to at least one spark plug in an internal combustion engine, in response to detection by sensors operating according to the Hall principle of polarity constants magnets.

The similarity of this analogue with the claimed utility model lies in the use of a non-magnetic disk, which houses permanent magnets and sensors based on the Hall effect.

The disadvantage of this ignition system is the need to use several Hall sensors to form the ignition timing in different groups of cylinders of a multi-cylinder engine. Due to the variation in the sensitivity of the Hall sensors, independent movement of the sensors in the distributor housing may be required. This makes it difficult to set the ignition timing and unacceptably increases the dimensions of the device.

The task the utility model is aimed at is the creation of an inexpensive, reliable sensor for the conversion of engines with an ignition distributor to a contactless electronic ignition system.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the developed small-sized sensor is installed in the standard housing of the ignition distributor without any machine or bench work on it. The contact system for the distribution of high voltage by candles is replaced by electronic distribution according to the "blank spark" method. The standard mechanical centrifugal controller is fixed in the set position, and the calculation of the lead angle is carried out in the electronic control unit based on the readings of the sensors.

The technical result of the utility model is to provide a sufficient level of the signal from the sensor even at a low speed of the crankshaft due to the fact that the proposed sensor of the angular position and speed for the ignition system based on the Hall effect is devoid of the disadvantages of inductive sensors. Using the proposed sensor, any engine with an ignition distributor can be equipped with an electronically controlled ignition system, which has a number of operational advantages [2] over ignition systems with mechanical regulators. In particular, the dynamic characteristics of the engine are improved, fuel consumption and emissions of harmful substances are reduced, the engine works more stably at low speeds, where the efforts from the centrifugal regulator were insufficient.

The tests of the ignition system based on the proposed sensor mounted in the housing of the ignition distributor 33.3706 of the UA3-31519 car revealed the following advantages of this ignition system over the standard ignition system with a magnetoelectric sensor and a high voltage mechanical distributor [3]:

1. High angular accuracy, independent of engine speed.

2. The output signal level is independent of the engine speed and is sufficient for direct processing by the controller of the electronic control unit.

3. Good resistance to vibration and environmental influences, as all electrical components are housed in a small, shielded, sealed enclosure.

4. Lack of moving, wearing parts (runner, coal, mechanical centrifugal regulator, vacuum corrector).

5. Reducing the load on the bearings of the ignition distributor, since the balancing of the distributor shaft is not disturbed when the speed changes.

6. Simple diagnosis of the condition and easy replacement if necessary. To replace the sensor, just remove the connector and unscrew the 4 screws.

7. The optimal characteristic of the ignition timing depending on the speed and load on the engine. The ability to customize this characteristic depending on the fuel used and the condition of the engine.

8. High permissible spark energy, since there is no danger of breakdown of the runner or distributor cap with high voltage.

9. Good survivability in the event of partial damage, since the system uses two ignition coils with their own current conditioners. Failure of one ignition coil does not stop the engine.

The proposed sensor design differs from its counterpart in the placement of Hall sensors. In an analogue, the sensors are mounted in a parallel plane adjacent to the disk with a spacing in the circumferential direction, and in the claimed utility model, the Hall sensors are placed along a straight parallel axis of rotation of the disk.

In addition, unlike the analog, the rotation angle is determined by one Hall sensor, and the phase by another Hall sensor, due to this technical solution, it becomes possible to set the initial

ignition timing for all cylinders simultaneously by turning the ignition distributor housing.

Comparison of the proposed design with the analogue shows that the claimed design has significant features that are different from the analogue. Therefore, the proposed method meets the criterion of "novelty."

Analysis of the sources of information used to determine the level of technology showed the absence of sources in which a set of distinctive features would be described. Moreover, the set of distinctive features is not obvious, since it does not follow directly from the prior art. In addition, the proposed design is feasible in an industrial environment and, therefore, is industrially applicable.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

Figure 1 shows the design of the sensor. Figure 2 shows the method of internal placement of two Hall sensors for a four-cylinder engine. Figure 3 shows a detailed detail of the proposed sensor.

The sensor of the angular position and frequency of rotation of the camshaft consists of the following parts: the housing of the Hall 1 sensors, the magnetic rotor 2, the phase adjuster 3, the ignition distributor shaft 4. The magnetic rotor 2 is used to determine the angular position and speed of the camshaft. It consists of the upper 6 and lower 8 magnetic cores, an annular permanent magnet 7, magnetized in the axial direction and a non-magnetic locking sleeve 9, which connects these positions into a single unit. Magnetic cores 6 and 8 star-shaped are made of soft magnetic steel. The number of star rays is equal to the number of cylinders served by the camshaft, the rays are bent at a right angle in their base. For example, for a 4 cylinder engine

4 beams are used, covering an angle of 30-45 degrees after bending the sector. When assembling the rotor, the permanent magnet 7 is clamped between the magnetic circuit 6 and the magnetic circuit 8, which is rotated around the axis of the distributor by 45 °. Thus, on the side surface of the magnetic rotor, 8 poles with alternating polarity are formed. The phase 3 adjuster serves to select the group of cylinders in which ignition is to be performed. For a 4-cylinder engine, the phase adjuster consists of a non-magnetic casing 11 and two diametrically opposed permanent magnets 10 and 12, with a magnetic induction vector directed along the radius. For a multi-cylinder engine with more than 4 cylinders, the permanent magnets of the phase setter are axially and circumferentially offset, encoding the current group of cylinders for ignition. The phase adjuster is fixed on the shaft of the ignition distributor 4 by inputting the axis from the centrifugal load into the corresponding hole (slot) in the housing 11. Subsequently, the torque from the phase adjuster housing 11 is transmitted through the slot on its end surface to the slot of the fixing sleeve 9, which is rigidly connected with a magnetic rotor 2. The housing of the Hall sensors 1 is made of non-magnetic material and comprises a Hall sensor for working with a magnetic rotor 2 and Hall sensors for working with a phase setter 3. For a four-cylinder engine two Hall sensors are used - one for working with a magnetic rotor 2, the other for working with a phase setter 3. For engines with more than four cylinders, to read the code of a group of cylinders from a phase setter, the corresponding Hall sensors are placed in series in a row along the axis of rotation of the shaft Figure 2 shows the method of internal placement of two Hall sensors for a four-cylinder engine. The case of Hall sensors 1 shown in the figure is made on the basis of the 2РМ14Б connector by adding a cylindrical cover. Design

fully shielded and protected from environmental influences. The housing of the Hall sensors 1 is mounted on the cover of the ignition distributor 5 parallel to the distributor shaft with a minimum clearance L from the side surface of the magnetic rotor, as shown in FIG. The sensitive areas of the Hall sensors in the calculated position are crossed by the magnetic field induction vector at a right angle.

The principle of operation of the sensor is based on measuring the magnetic field generated by a magnetic rotor with alternating magnetic poles. The number of poles of the same name on the rotor is equal to the number of cylinders served by the distributor. When the rotor rotates, the magnetic field strength in the area of the Hall sensors periodically passes through zero. The moment of passage of the magnetic field through zero with a fixed Hall sensor is determined by the angular position of the camshaft. The Hall sensor is used with a symmetrical arrangement of the on and off thresholds relative to zero magnetic field, for example, Honeywell bipolar Hall sensor SS41 (switching on 150G, switching off at - 150G at 85 ° C). The rotor magnet is magnetized so that the maximum field in the area of the sensor is much larger than the switching thresholds. This avoids the angular error when changing the magnetization of the rotor or temperature. The engine speed of the camshaft is inversely proportional to the period of the pulses from the magnetic rotor. By turning the ignition distributor housing, set the initial ignition timing corresponding to the moment the Hall sensor is turned on (off). Correction of the ignition timing depending on the speed and engine load is carried out in the electronic control unit by delaying the sparking for the estimated time relative to the moment the Hall sensor is turned on (off).

In the ignition system, which works in conjunction with the sensor in question, a non-contact spark distribution method called the “blank spark” method can be used. Cylinders 4 of the cylinder engine are combined in pairs 1-4 and 2-3 and sparking in them occurs simultaneously in two cylinders, in the cylinder in which the compression stroke ends (working spark) and in the cylinder in which the exhaust stroke takes place (idle spark). The choice of a group of cylinders is carried out by the electronic control unit, depending on the logical level of the signal from the phase sensor at the time of the decision. To reduce the influence of electromagnetic interference, it is advisable to use a unipolar sensor with one-way switching thresholds shift, for example, a Honeywell Hall Effect Sensor SS441A (120G on, off at 15G at 85 ° C). For a multi-cylinder engine with a number of cylinders of more than 4, the combination of cylinders in pairs depends on the order of their operation, and the choice of a group of cylinders for sparking is carried out taking into account the combination code from the phase sensors.

Claims (3)

1. The sensor of the angular position and frequency of rotation of the camshaft based on the Hall effect, comprising a housing of Hall sensors of non-magnetic material, in which Hall sensors are placed sequentially in a row along the axis of the shaft; a magnetic rotor with alternating magnetic poles for determining the angular position and frequency of rotation of the camshaft, made in the form of upper and lower magnetic cores, an annular permanent magnet magnetized in the axial direction, and a non-magnetic fixing sleeve connecting these elements into a single unit; phase adjuster for distributing the spark into the required group of cylinders made of a non-magnetic body, in which radially magnetized permanent magnets are fixed, forming the combination code of the cylinder group on their corresponding Hall sensors, fixed on the ignition distributor shaft by entering the axis from the centrifugal load into the corresponding hole or slot in the setter case. 2. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing of the Hall sensors is mounted directly on the ignition distributor cover. 3. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase setter has one permanent magnet for synchronization, and the determination of the group of cylinders for ignition is carried out by calculating the period from the moment of synchronization.