RU68944U1 - PLASMOTRON - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of plasma processing and can be used for plasma surfacing, welding, cutting of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

The plasma torch comprises a hollow body in which a cooled electrode with an insert of a plasma-forming material at its end is placed on an insulating element, a protective nozzle mounted on the housing and a plasma-forming nozzle placed inside it with an opening for supplying plasma to the parts, the nozzles being located relative to each other so that between them there is a gap for a protective gas medium supplied to the parts, the inner surface of the plasma-forming nozzle and the end of the electrode form a plasma-forming cavity connected by COROLLARY spiral channel with a nozzle supplying a plasma medium mounted on the housing, on which is also mounted supply fitting protective medium through the channels into the gap between the nozzles. The plasma torch is equipped with a second nozzle for a protective medium fixed to the housing, connected by a channel with a gap between the nozzles, and a second nozzle for a plasma-forming medium mounted on the housing, connected by a spiral groove with a plasma-forming cavity, the spiral grooves of the plasma-forming medium being twisted in opposite directions relative to each other.

2 s p-files, 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of plasma processing and can be used for plasma surfacing, welding, cutting of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

Known plasmatron containing a cathode assembly with a cathode refractory insert and an anode assembly with an anode nozzle. The anode and cathode nodes are electrically isolated from each other. Between the refractory insert and the anode nozzle there is a gap “A”. The cathode insert is placed in the tube in communication with the inlet fitting. The cathode holder has a cavity connected to the refrigerant inlet fitting. On the outer surface of the anode nozzle there is a helical groove, which can be made in the form of multiple threads. Outside the nozzle, the cathode is covered by a sleeve placed in the outer casing, covering the outside of the helical groove, but leaving its ends open.

An annular subnet is formed between the casing in which the anode is fixed and the sleeve. A swirler is docked to the top of the anode nozzle. The helical groove is connected to the fitting.

For the operation of the plasma torch, its cathode and anode nodes are connected to a power source. The plasma torch cooling fitting is connected to the refrigerant supply line.

In the presence of voltage with an anode nozzle and a cathode refractory insert in the interelectrode gap "A", an electric arc is excited.

When a plasma-forming gas is supplied to the swirl, under a pressure swirling the arc by a vortex flow, an intense plasma torch arises, flowing from the outlet of the anode nozzle. Moving the plasma along the channel of the plasma torch leads to strong heating of the details of the plasma torch, which is cooled by pumping refrigerant through the channels and cavities of the anode and cathode nodes.

(see RF patent No. 2071189, class B23K 10/00, 1996)

As a result of the analysis of the design of the known plasma torch, it should be noted that it is quite complex, which is due to the separation in height of the cathode

anode, by placing the cathode and anode nodes in separate housings. This, in addition, leads to an increase in the size of the plasma torch. ^

The implementation of the anode of considerable length with the location of the elements of the initiation of the plasma flow at one end of it, and the output nozzle at the other leads to strong heating of the plasma torch during its operation, and therefore, it is necessary to solve the problem of cooling the plasma torch. In this design, it was solved by performing in the plasma torch body, in the anode and cathode nodes, numerous channels and cavities through which the refrigerant is pumped, which significantly complicates the manufacture of the plasma torch.

The design of the known plasma torch does not provide for the use in the formation of a plasma stream of a cyclic supply of various plasma-forming gases, which significantly reduces the quality of processing parts and the scope of the plasma torch.

Known plasmatron containing a housing with a protective nozzle mounted on it. On the housing, inside with respect to the protective nozzle, a plasma-forming nozzle is electrically isolated from the housing. An electrode assembly is electrically isolated from the housing in the plasma torch housing. In the elements of the plasma torch channels are made for pumping refrigerant through the nozzle, which is necessary for cooling the plasma torch during its operation.

There is a fitting on the plasmatron body for supplying a plasma-forming gas to the plasmatron. From the nipple, the plasma-forming gas through a screw groove made on the outer surface of the insulator of the electrode assembly is fed tangentially to the plasma-forming nozzle.

For operation, the plasma torch is connected to a power source. They include a power source, a plasma-forming gas and refrigerant. Plasma-forming gas is fed through a helical (spiral) groove under pressure into the space between the plasma-forming nozzle and the electrode, where an electric arc is excited. When a plasma-forming gas passes through an electric arc, an intense plasma torch arises, which is fed through the hole of the plasma-forming nozzle to the workpiece, for example, welding it. The protective gas through the inlet pipe is fed into the space between the protective and

when plasma nozzles exit the plasma torch, it “covers” the plasma torch and the welding zone, protecting them from the influence of the external environment.

(see RF patent No. 2259262, class B23K 10/00, 2005) is the closest analogue.

As a result of the analysis of the design of the known plasmatron, it should be noted that it largely eliminates the disadvantages of the plasmatron according to RF patent No. 2071189: the plasma formation zone is located at the exit of the plasma forming nozzle; the treatment area is protected by a protective gas environment; a plasma-forming gas medium is fed into the plasma-forming zone with vortices, which improves the conditions of plasma formation; the plasmatron is compact. However, the impossibility of cyclic supply to the plasma formation zone of different plasma-forming gases through different channels narrows the scope of this plasmatron and does not allow to process parts with high quality.

The objective of this utility model is to develop a plasma torch design that provides processing of a wide range of parts (products) with high quality due to the wide control of the parameters of the device (plasma torch).

The task is ensured by the fact that in a plasmatron containing a hollow body, in which a cooled electrode with an insert of a plasma-forming material is placed on its insulating element at its end, a protective nozzle mounted on the body and a plasma-forming nozzle placed inside it with an opening for supplying plasma to the parts, moreover, the nozzle located relative to each other so that between them there is a gap for a protective gas medium supplied to the parts, the inner surface of the plasma-forming nozzle and the end of the electrode they form a plasma-forming cavity connected by means of a spiral channel with a plasma-forming medium supply pipe mounted on the housing, on which a protective medium supply pipe is also installed through the channels into the slot between the nozzles, it is new that the plasma torch is equipped with a second protective medium pipe connected to the housing, connected a channel with a gap between the nozzles, and a second nozzle for a plasma-forming medium mounted on the housing, connected by a spiral groove with a plasma-forming

cavity, and the spiral grooves of the plasma-forming medium are twisted in opposite directions relative to each other.

One of the helical grooves for the plasma-forming medium can be made on the outer surface of the electrode, and the other in the insulating element.

The end of the electrode is made of a spherical shape, and a groove of a spherical shape, the radius of which is equal to the radius of the spherical surface of the electrode, is paired with the outlet of the plasma-forming nozzle from the inside.

When conducting patent research from the prior art, no solutions were identified that are identical to the declared one, and, therefore, the claimed utility model meets the eligibility condition “novelty”.

The information set forth in the application materials is sufficient for the practical implementation of the utility model.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by graphic materials on which:

figure 1 - plasmatron, axial section;

figure 2 - zone of plasma formation of the plasma torch.

The plasma torch is made in the form of a hollow body 1, in which an electrode 2 is mounted, and a plasma-forming nozzle 3, closed by a protective nozzle 4, is fixed at one of the ends.

The electrode 2 is made hollow with a spherical tip 5 on which a plasma-forming material 6 is fixed (for example, pressed). The cavity of the electrode 2 is divided into two parts by a partition 7 that does not reach the bottom of the cavity, that is, the cavity of the electrode 2 are communicating. A pipe 8 is connected to one part of the cavity for supplying refrigerant (for example, water), and to the other, for discharging refrigerant (not shown).

The electrode 2 is electrically isolated from the housing 1 by means of an insulating sleeve 9 located between the housing 1 and the electrode 2. The sleeve has a landing collar (not indicated by the position) with which it is installed on the upper end of the housing 1. Fixing of the sleeve 9 relative to the housing 1 is carried out with a union nut 10.

The plasma-forming nozzle is fixed (for example, by threading) to the lower end of the housing 1. The nozzle has an axial outlet 11 for the flow of plasma. It is most advisable that the hole has an inlet spherical recess 12, the radius of which is approximately equal to the radius of the rounded end of the electrode 2. Outside relative to the plasma forming nozzle 3, a protective nozzle 4 is fixed on the housing. The nozzle 4 can be mounted on the housing 1, for example, by threading. Between the outer surface of the nozzle 3 and the inner surface of the nozzle 4 there is a space (gap) for the passage of the protective agent. As a protective agent, a gas or a mixture of gases, or various gases, alternately supplied to the above-mentioned space between the protective 4 and plasma-forming 3 nozzles, can be used.

Shielding gases are supplied through nozzles 13 and / or 14 through channels 15 and 16 to the annular chamber 17 and through the openings 18 into the gap between the nozzles.

The plasma forming medium is fed into the space between the electrode 2 and the plasma forming nozzle 3.

Two monogas (argon, helium) or two gas mixtures can be used as a plasma-forming medium. The gas medium is fed into the plasma formation zone (the volume between the outer surface of the electrode 2 and the inner surface of the plasma forming nozzle 3) through its separate channels, and the paths and dynamics of the flow of the gas medium are different from each other and have the ability to independently control the volume of gas supplied, the feed rate, direction of rotation (spin in the plasma column). For this purpose, the plasmatron has two nozzles 19 and 20 for plasma forming gases or mixtures thereof.

The pipe 19 is connected to the plasma formation zone by means of a helical groove 21. for example, in the form of a thread on the surface of the electrode.

The pipe 20 is connected to the plasma formation zone by means of a helical groove 22. made on an insulator (sleeve) 9, for example, in the form of a tape thread. The helical grooves 21 and 22 are twisted in opposite directions. The angle of their rise is approximately 30-45 °. The pitch of the helical grooves may be constant or variable. Naturally, to ensure operation, the plasma torch is equipped with: a power source, to which the electrode 2 and the plasma-forming

nozzle 3; a source of supply and pumping of refrigerant through the pipe 8 through the cavity of the electrode 2; gas supply system connected to the nozzles 13, 14, 19, 20; regulator (regulators) supply of protective and plasma-forming gases to the plasma torch.

All these external devices are known for their performance, their design is not the subject of patent protection in this application and therefore their constructive implementation in the application materials is not disclosed.

The plasma torch works as follows.

For operation, the plasma torch is connected to all of the above systems. Turn on the power supply and these systems. In the presence of voltage between the electrode 2 and the plasma forming nozzle 3, an electric arc is excited in the adjacent cavity, flowing out from the plasma forming material element 6. Plasma-forming gases (argon and helium) are alternately supplied to the nozzles 19 and 20, each of which, passing through the helical grooves 21 and 22, respectively, is alternately supplied to the plasma formation zone in the form of a vortex flow, which captures the plasma flowing from element 6 and the resulting intense plasma torch swirling in a vortex stream, flows out of the hole 11 on the part, for example, welding them. Due to the fact that the helical grooves 21 and 22 are twisted in opposite directions, the vortex plasma flows alternately supplied to the part have a different twist direction, which, as studies have shown, improves the quality of the weld and increases the penetration depth. The foregoing does not mean that one gas or one mixture of gases constantly supplied to the plasma formation zone can be used as a plasma-forming agent. In this case, one of the nozzles (20 or 19) is muffled. Welding quality is slightly reduced.

Simultaneously with the supply of plasma-forming gases to the part processing zone (for example, welding), shielding gases are alternately supplied through the gap between the outer surface of the plasma-forming nozzle 3 and the protective nozzle 4. Shielding gases are supplied through nozzles 13 and 14 through channels 15 and 16 to the annular chamber 17 and flow from the chamber 17 through the openings 18 into the gap between the nozzles on the part.

The supply cycles of protective and plasma-forming gases are the same.

If one protective gas is supplied to the treatment (welding) zone at a constant flow rate, one of the nozzles (13 or 14) is drowned.

As studies have shown, when processing parts with alternately supplying two plasma-forming and two protective gases to the treatment zone, it is most expedient to supply different gases (for example, helium - protective, argon - plasma-forming, and vice versa) to the treatment zone as a protective and plasma-forming gas )

During the entire time the plasma torch operates, a refrigerant is pumped into the electrode cavity through the inlet 8, which circulates in one part of its cavity, passes under the partition 7 into its other cavity, and is removed through the outlet.

The use of a plasma torch of the construction disclosed above can improve the quality of machining parts (for example, welding) and expand the scope of this device by regulating the plasma flow and the protective flow over a wide range.

Claims (3)

1. A plasma torch comprising a hollow body in which a cooled electrode with an insert of a plasma-forming material is placed on its insulating element at its end, a protective nozzle mounted on the body and a plasma-forming nozzle located inside it with an opening for supplying plasma to the parts, the nozzles being arranged relative to each other so that between them there is a gap for the protective gas medium supplied to the parts, the inner surface of the plasma-forming nozzle and the end of the electrode form a plasma-forming cavity connected by means of a spiral channel with a plasma-forming medium supply pipe mounted on the casing, on which a protective medium supply pipe is also installed through the channels into the slot between the nozzles, characterized in that the plasma torch is equipped with a second protective medium pipe mounted on the body, connected by a channel to the slot between the nozzles, and a second nozzle for a plasma-forming medium mounted on the housing, connected by a spiral groove with a plasma-forming cavity, the spiral grooves of the plasma-forming medium being twisted opposite directions relative to each other. 2. The plasma torch according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the helical grooves for the plasma-forming medium is made on the outer surface of the electrode, and the other in the insulating element. 3. The plasma torch according to claim 1, characterized in that the end of the electrode is made of a spherical shape, and a spherical shape groove, the radius of which is equal to the radius of the spherical surface of the electrode, is connected to the outlet of the plasma-forming nozzle from its inside.