RU66143U1 - SEEDER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to seeders of continuous sowing of seeds of grain crops with the simultaneous application of fertilizers.

The seeder includes a frame frame with a block of sowing devices, packer rollers, a wheel, a hydraulic system, openers with closed cultivating paws and seed tubes.

The cultivating paw is made in relation to the width of the paw to a height of 10: 1. The cultivator leg is equipped with a plate made with a lower flat surface along the width of the leg, located at an acute angle to the horizontal, in the opposite direction of movement, and a shank with two concave surfaces. The coulter stands are made in the form of a flat spring with a streamlined lower part.

The ovule is installed tightly in the groove of the paws, with emphasis on the shank

The seeder is equipped with a cleaning device and a chain leveler. The cleaning device is made in the form of removable plates.

The coulter is equipped with a support-screw-swinging mechanism. The swing arm is equipped with a set of adjusting plates and mounting brackets.

Using the proposed utility model will provide a technical effect consisting in improving the uniform distribution of seeds and fertilizers over the feeding area and seeding depth, in improving seed germination conditions and preserving soil moisture, in observing seeding standards, in improving the accuracy of copying the relief of the field surface, and in reducing energy costs .

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to seeders of continuous sowing of seeds of grain crops with the simultaneous application of fertilizers.

Known seeder (certificate for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 16686, IPC АСС 7/08, 2001.02.10), including a frame, a hopper with a metering unit, openers with seed tubes and diffusers mounted under the seed tubes in the form of a trapezoidal plate and a screen mounted on a rack opener. The disadvantage of this design is the slipping of the upper soil layer into the gap between the screen and the cultivating paw and falling into the furrow under the diffuser, which leads to a violation of the evenness of the seed and fertilizer placement in depth, especially with a small-sized soil structure and moisture deficit in its upper layer. In this case, the seeds lie on a loose substrate, which negatively affects their germination.

Known seeder (patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2113780, IPC АВВ 49/06, АСС 7/20, 1998.06.27, prototype), containing coulters, to the racks of which cultivator legs and a diffuser are attached using overlays. The disadvantage of this design is the gap between the lower end of the vas deferens and the diffuser, which can lead to clogging of the vas deferens with moist soil. Another disadvantage is that the design does not provide for smoothing and compacting the bed under the seeds.

The proposed utility model is aimed at solving the following problem: improving the quality of continuous sowing of seeds, profitability by improving the uniform distribution of seeds and fertilizers over the feeding area and the depth of seeding, improving seed germination conditions and preserving soil moisture, observing seeding standards, and improving the accuracy of copying the relief of the field surface reducing energy costs.

To achieve the technical result in a seeder, including a frame with a hopper mounted on it with a metering unit, press rollers, a wheel, a hydraulic system, openers with closed cultivating paws and vas deferens, the new thing is that the cultivating leg is made in the ratio of the width of the leg to the height as 10: 1 and equipped with a plate made with a lower flat surface along the width of the paw, located at an acute angle to the horizontal, in the opposite direction of movement, and a shank with two concave surfaces, and the coulter strut formed as a leaf spring with a bottom part, a streamlined shape.

The seed tube of the seeder is installed tightly in the groove of the paws with an emphasis in the shank of the plate.

The seeder is equipped with a cleaning device and a chain leveler, while the cleaning device is made in the form of removable plates.

The coulter is equipped with a support-screw-swing arm mechanism, the swing arm having a set of adjustment plates and mounting brackets.

The technical result, which consists in improving the uniform distribution of seeds and fertilizers over the feeding area and the depth of embedding, is achieved by the fact that the cultivating leg is made in the ratio of the leg width to height as 10: 1 and is equipped with a plate with a shank with two concave surfaces, and the seed tube is installed tightly in the groove paws focusing on the shank of the plate.

The technical result, which consists in improving the conditions of seed germination and preservation of soil moisture, is achieved by the fact that the cultivating leg is equipped with a plate made with a lower flat surface along the width of the leg located at an acute angle to the horizontal, the opposite direction of movement and the presence of a chain leveler.

The technical result, which consists in observing the seeding standards, is achieved by the presence of a cleaning device, and the cleaning device is made in the form of removable plates.

The technical result, which consists in improving the accuracy of copying the relief of the field surface, is achieved by the fact that the coulter is equipped with a support-screw-swing arm mechanism, and the swing arm is equipped with a set of adjusting plates and mounting brackets.

The technical result, which consists in reducing energy consumption, is achieved by the fact that the coulter stand is made in the form of a flat spring with a lower part, streamlined, and a cultivating leg in the ratio of the width of the leg to height as 10: 1.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the seeder on the proposed utility model; figure 2 - opener with a cultivating paw, the mechanism of the support-screw-swinging bracket and a damper; figure 3, view a is a set of adjustment plates; figure 4, view B - cultivating leg, section; figure 5 - cultivating leg, side view.

Figure 1 shows a stubble grain-fertilizer seeder for continuous sowing of seeds, consisting of a frame frame 1 trailed to an energy source, on which a hopper 2 with two compartments for seeds and fertilizers with a metering device 3 and seed tubes 4, with a hydraulic system 5, with rolling rollers is mounted on top 6, with the wheel 7 and the coulters 8 mounted on the frame with cultivating legs 12 (Fig. 2), closed type, having a cross-section in the form of an isosceles trapezoid with an elevation angle of 14 °, turning into an isosceles triangle (Fig. 5). The construction of the paw in relation to the width to the height as 10: 1

allows you to minimize soil resistance. Under the paw 12 (Fig.), A plate 13 is installed, the lower flat surface of which is made along the width of the paw, and forms an acute angle to the horizon 5 °, inverse to the direction of movement, and the upper surface is equidistant to the inner surface of the paw. The shank of the plate 13 has two concave surfaces that allow the seeds to be evenly distributed over the furrow area. The lower part of the vas deferens 14 (figure 4) is installed in the corresponding groove of the paw 12 with a gap of 0.2 mm per side and abuts against the shank of the plate 13. Performing the lower flat surface of the plate 13 along the width of the paw, at an acute angle to the horizontal, opposite to the direction of movement, compacts the soil, closes soil moisture and improves the dispersal conditions of seeds. Tight installation of the vas deferens 4 prevents clogging of the outlet with moist ground. The coulter stand 15 (Fig. 2) is made in the form of a flat spring, equipped with a support mechanism 20 — a screw 18 — a swing arm 17 and a damper 16. At the upper end of the coulter rack 15 there are: a damper 16 of two compression springs, a swing arm 17 and a support 20 with a common axis. The swinging arm 17 rests against the support 20 with a screw 18. A spring strut 15 with a damper 16 eliminates the destructive effect of hard knocks on the frame 1 and provides vibration of the hopper 2 for better seed flow. The lower part of the coulter rack 15 (figure 4) is streamlined, which reduces the resistance to movement of the seeder. To adjust the height of the coulter 8 in order to maintain the required depth of entry into the soil of the paws 12 falling into the track from the wheels of the power tool, a set of gaskets 19 (figure 5) is provided between the swing arm 17 and the rack 15. Support mechanism 20 - screw 18 - swing arm 17 allows you to set all the cultivating legs on the same level with one angle of attack, which is impossible to achieve using existing manufacturing and assembly technologies. To comply with the established seeding standards, it is necessary that the diameters of the press rollers remain constant. This condition

disturbed by the sticking of moist soil to the rim of the rollers. To remove adhering soil, a cleaning device 9 (Fig. 1) with removable steel plates 10, heat-treated to high hardness, is used. The cultivating paw 12 opens the furrows, forming earthen ridges in the aisle, increasing the germination period of the seeds that fell into this zone. The chain equalizer 11 smooths the earthen ridges.

The seeder works as follows:

Using the hydraulic system 5, the frame 1 with the coulters 8 is lowered onto the soil and, at the beginning of the movement, the legs 12 enter it to a predetermined depth. At the same time, the drive mechanism is activated. Grain sowing apparatus 3 is fed using the vas deferens 14 to the shank of the plate 13 and is scattered on the prepared bed of the furrow. The lower flat surface of the plate 13 compacts the bottom of the furrow, covers the soil moisture. The outlet of the vas deferens 4 is not clogged with moist ground. A spring strut 15 with a damper 16 softens the blows to the frame, vibrates, the seeds flow. The angle of attack of each cultivator foot is adjusted using a screw 18. The cleaning device 9 removes adhering soil on the rim of the rollers 6. The chain leveler 11 smooths the ridges, while mulching the soil.

Due to the implementation of the cultivator legs in the ratio of the width of the legs to the height of 10: 1 and the provision of a plate made with a lower flat surface along the width of the legs, located at an acute angle to the horizontal, in the opposite direction of movement, and a shank with two concave surfaces, the opener strut is flat springs with a lower part, streamlined, and installing the vas deferens tightly in the groove of the paws with an emphasis on the shank of the plate, the presence of a chain equalizer, a cleaning device in the form of removable plates, the presence of a support-screw-swing mechanism A mounting bracket with a set of adjustment plates and mounting brackets, the quality of continuous sowing of seeds is increased, profitability is achieved.

Claims (6)

1. A seeder, including a frame frame, a hopper with a block of sowing devices, rolling rollers, a wheel, a hydraulic system, a coulter with closed cultivating paws and seed tubes, characterized in that the cultivating paw is made in the ratio of the width of the paws to the height of 10: 1 and is equipped with a plate, made with a lower flat surface along the width of the paw, located at an acute angle to the horizontal, in the opposite direction of movement and with a shank with two concave surfaces, and the coulter stands are made in the form of a flat spring with a lower part, o tech form. 2. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed tube is installed tightly in the groove of the paws with an emphasis in the shank of the plate. 3. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a cleaning device and a chain leveler. 4. The seeder according to claim 3, characterized in that the cleaning device is made in the form of removable plates. 5. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the coulter is equipped with a support-screw-swinging mechanism. 6. The seeder according to claim 5, characterized in that the swing arm is equipped with a set of adjustment plates and mounting brackets.