RU62769U1 - THRUSTER FOR THRATING KIDNEY KEADS IN WRAPPING - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular, to machines for post-harvest processing of corn cobs and can be used to thresh wrapped corn cobs in farms and peasant farms. The technical result of the proposed utility model is to increase the productivity and quality of threshing corn cobs in a wrapper at different moisture levels and reduce damage to corn grains due to changes in the design of the corn grinder and the installation parameters of the teeth on the drum. The essence of the proposed utility model is as follows. The proposed design includes a threshing drum made in the form of a metal disk, placed inside a cylindrical drum with the possibility of rotation in a horizontal plane, with teeth made in the form of round metal rods 15 mm high, arranged in a checkerboard pattern of eight in the upper part of the metal disk sections of the metal disk with a pitch of 40 mm, while the Central part of the metal disk, equal to the diameter of the lower hole of the loading hopper, is left free from the teeth, as well as on the inner cylindrical surface of the drum, on top of the extreme teeth of the metal disk, the same teeth are installed with a pitch of 20 mm along parabolic lines spaced from each other at a distance equal to the diameter of the lower opening of the loading hopper. At the bottom of the loading hopper, a shutter is installed, made in the form of a metal cone with the ability to move in a vertical plane.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model belongs.

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular, to machines for post-harvest processing of corn cobs and can be used to thresh wrapped corn cobs in farms and peasant farms.

The level of technology.

Known corn grinders "Red Aksai", BKM, MK-1100, ZKM-A, DMM-1, NKM, MKP-3, ShKG-4, MShK-5, MKP-12, DMK-1 [1].

The working bodies of the Krasny Aksai and BKM threshers consist of ribbed plates mounted on a rotating shaft of the drum and a fixed deck installed in such a way that the gap between the deck and the drum decreases as the corn cobs move towards the exit.

In the MK-1100 thresher on a rotating drum there are eight small whips, the gaps between which are closed by thick sheet steel.

In the thresher ZKM-A, metal bars are welded to the drum. The deck of this thresher consists of five arcuate steel bars to which twenty bars are welded across. The deck is hinged, which allows you to adjust its position relative to the drum.

In the NKM thresher, threshing of the ears is carried out using several scourges located along the entire length of the drum. The drum is located in

a casing consisting of cast iron sides and metal rods located at a distance of 15 mm from each other.

In the DMM-1 thresher, a pipe is fixed on the drum shaft, into which pins are screwed and then welded, located in four rows around the shaft circumference. The lower part of the drum casing is a deck and consists of round metal rods located along the length at a distance of 13 mm from each other.

The MKP-3 corn threshing drum has the following device: a drum core consisting of two cast iron discs, a steel pipe and thirty-one pins is fixed to the shaft. The core of the drum is closed by a casing (deck) made of sheet steel with holes in the lower part for grain exit.

The drum of the ShKG-4 corn thresher consists of a casing, the lower part of which (a semicircle) is a deck and consists of rods, while some rods are motionless, while others rotate in the walls of the deck. The scourge drum is a shaft on which a screw is located under the receiving hopper, and several screw-shaped blades are fixed in the continuation of the shaft. A sieve body is located under the drum.

The drum of the MSHK-5 corn thresher differs from ShKG-4 with a longer shaft length, screw pitch and smaller diameter.

The MKP-12 and MKP-3 0 corn thresher consists of a metal frame, a thresher drum, a cylindrical grate (deck), upper and lower sieve mills, an exhauster, and a fan. The drum casing is a helical structure. The screw shaft is in the form of a pipe, on the surface of which there are coils turning into straight stripes.

In the DMK-1 maize thresher, the threshing group consists of thresher and house-clad drums, soundboard and body. The threshing drum consists of helical and straight blades. The pre-threshing drum consists of a pipe on which two screw ribs and 64 pins are mounted.

A common drawback of the above maize threshers is that during threshing, on the one hand, the ear is held by the deck, and on the other, it is carried away by the ribbed part of the drum, as a result of which the grains are separated from the core. However, when tightening the cobs into the working space between the drum and the deck, some parts of the grains are compressed, which leads to their damage. In addition, these threshers are not suitable for threshing ears in a wrapper.

Known corn thresher MKP-3.0, consisting of a feed conveyor, a threshing drum, a cylinder with holes, a conveyor for cobs, a sieve mill, a sleeve for removing light impurities, a grain auger, a fan and a grain elevator. The threshing drum consists of two discs mounted on a drive shaft. The disks are covered by a cylinder of sheet steel, above which four rows of spikes located along a helical line protrude. In the upper part of the cylinder, a window was made for feeding cobs, and on the side there was a hole for the passage of rods [2].

The disadvantage of this thresher is the presence of spikes on the drum, which leads to the appearance of large shock loads, which entails the trauma and crushing of corn grains. This design is also not suitable for threshing corn ears in a wrapper.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and accepted by the authors for the prototype is a seed maize thresher, consisting of a loading conveyor, guide rollers, a pressing device, a ramp, a threshing drum, an orienting roller, a deck, an inspection hatch, a fan, an outlet pipe, adjusting flap, suction column, conveyor belt, sieve, curtain, screw screw [3].

The disadvantage of this thresher is the inability to thresh corn cobs of various moisture and unsuitability for threshing corn ears in a wrapper.

To increase the efficiency of post-harvest processing of corn, maize threshers should ensure high-quality threshing of corn cobs in a wrapper at different moisture levels.

Disclosures of a utility model.

The objective of the utility model is to improve the quality indicators of the operation of the corn thresher by providing optimal conditions for the operation of the thresher when threshing the ears of corn in a wrapper at different moisture levels.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is to increase the productivity and quality of threshing corn cobs in a wrapper at different moisture levels and reduce the damage to corn grains due to changes in the design of the corn grinder and the installation parameters of the teeth on the drum.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the threshing machine for threshing corn ears in a wrapper contains a loading hopper with a shutter, a cylindrical drum with a protective cover and an unloading window with a gate, a threshing drum, a bevel gear, a telescopic driveshaft, an arm, support legs and jumpers, a conical unloading chute and hitch system.

The essence of the proposed utility model is as follows.

The proposed design includes a threshing drum, made in the form of a metal disk, placed inside a cylindrical drum with the possibility of rotation in a horizontal plane, with teeth made in the form of round metal rods 15 mm high, arranged in a checkerboard pattern of eight in the upper part of the metal disk sections of the metal disk with a pitch of 40 mm, while the Central part of the metal disk, equal to the diameter of the lower hole of the loading hopper, is left free from the teeth, and

also on the inner cylindrical surface of the drum, on top of the extreme teeth of the metal disk, the same teeth are installed with a pitch of 20 mm along parabolic lines spaced from each other at a distance equal to the diameter of the lower opening of the loading hopper.

At the bottom of the loading hopper, a shutter is installed, made in the form of a metal cone with the ability to move in a vertical plane.

Due to the optimal arrangement of the teeth on the threshing and cylindrical drums, the quality indicators of threshing the ears of corn in the wrapper at different moisture levels are improved.

A brief description of the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a structural diagram of a thresher for threshing corn cobs in a wrapper.

Figure 2 shows the layout of the teeth on the threshing and cylindrical drums.

Implementation of a utility model.

Shown in figure 1, the thresher for threshing corn cobs in a wrapper consists of a loading hopper 1 made of sheet steel in the form of a truncated cone. In the lower part in the middle of the feed hopper 1 there is a shutter 2 made in the form of a metal cone. A rod 3 is welded to the upper part of the shutter 2, which, passing through the sliding bearing 4, gear 5 "screw-nut" is connected to the handle 6. The housing (not shown) of the gear 5 "screw-nut" is rigidly attached to the ends of three jumpers 7 made of metal square pipes located at an angle of 120 ° relative to each other, and the other ends of the jumpers 7 are welded to the top of the feed hopper 1. Bearing housing

slip 4 is attached to the jumpers 7 by means of squares 8, providing structural rigidity and the ability to move the shutter 2 in a vertical plane.

The loading hopper 1 by means of racks 9 and jumpers 10 made of square metal pipes is rigidly mounted above the cylindrical drum (deck) 11. On top of the jumpers 10, the cylindrical drum 11 is closed by a protective casing 12, and from the bottom mounted on three support racks 13, with two racks 13 rigidly interconnected by an arm 14. On an arm 14 by means of bolted connections (not numbered in FIG.), a bevel gear 15 with a gear ratio i = 1 is installed.

The drive shaft 16 of the bevel gear 15 through a telescopic driveshaft 17 is connected to the power take-off shaft 18 of the tractor (not shown in Fig.). A threshing drum made in the form of a metal disk 20 placed inside a cylindrical drum 11 with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane is rigidly attached to the driven shaft 19 of the gearbox 15 mounted vertically. At the same time, in the upper part of the metal disk 20, the teeth 21 are welded in the form of round metal rods 15 mm high, arranged in a checkerboard pattern over eight sections of the metal disk with a pitch of 40 mm. In this case, the central part of the metal disk 20, equal to the diameter of the lower hole (not numbered in Fig.) Of the hopper 1, is left free of teeth 21 (Fig. 2).

On the inner cylindrical surface (not numbered in FIG.) Of the drum 11, on top of the extreme teeth 21 of the metal disk 20, the same teeth 21 are installed with a pitch of 20 mm along parabolic lines spaced from each other at a distance equal to the diameter of the lower hole (in FIG. not numbered) loading hopper 1 (figure 2).

The height of the teeth 21, equal to 15 mm, is adopted structurally to improve the process of separating corn grains from the rods depending on the size

corn kernels, eliminating the penetration of the teeth 21 into the corn stems and reducing the excessive rotation of the ears of corn.

The distance between the teeth 21, equal to 40 and 20 mm, was chosen constructively depending on the average diameter of the ears of corn and in order to reduce the damage to the corn grains.

The gap between the cylindrical drum 11 and the metal disk 20 is taken structurally equal to 15 mm to improve the passage of the separated corn grains.

On the side of the cylindrical drum 11, an unloading window 22 was made for the rods and wrappers of corn. The discharge window 22 is closed by a gate 23.

Bottom along the circumference of the cylindrical drum 11, a conical discharge chute 24 for corn grains is mounted, which is attached by means of stops 25 to the support posts 13.

An inspection window is made in the protective casing 12 of the cylindrical drum 11 (not shown in FIG.).

In front of the cylindrical drum 11, a hitch system 26 is attached to the tractor (not shown in FIG.).

Thresher works as follows.

The thresher is hung through the hitch system 26 to the tractor (not shown in FIG.), Mounted on a horizontal platform and connected to the tractor power take-off shaft 18 (not shown in FIG.) With the drive shaft 19 of the gearbox 15. Then the operator rotates the handle 6 via gear 5 " screw-nut "moves the shutter 2 down and sets the necessary gap between the shutter 2 and the side walls (not numbered in the figures) of the loading hopper 1. The minimum clearance is set to 100 mm.

After that, using a loader (not shown in FIG.) Or a conveyor belt (not shown in FIG.), Corn cobs in a wrapper are loaded into the loading hopper 1, which are moved down and through the side walls (not shown in FIG.) Of the loading hopper 1 and through gap between the shutter

2 and the side walls (not numbered in FIG.) Of the hopper 1 enter the central part of the metal disk 20.

The operator includes a tractor power take-off shaft 18 (not shown in Fig.) And torque through a telescopic driveshaft 17, a bevel gear 15 is transmitted to the metal disk 20. Corn cobs located in the central part of the metal disk 20, under the action of centrifugal forces, clinging to the teeth 21, move along sectors to the edges of the metal disk 20, where, in contact with the teeth 21 mounted on the inner surface of the cylindrical drum 11, they rise up and, tipping over, fill the space between the protective the casing 12 and the metal disk 20. The collapse process occurs when the teeth 21 of the rotating metal disk 20 are engaged with the grains of the ears of corn, which make a complex movement. In this case, light kernels free from grains and particles of the wrapping corn cobs rise up, and heavy cobs of corn with grains fall down and are constantly in contact with the teeth 21 of the metal disk 20. The broken corn grains under the action of centrifugal forces move to the edges of the metal disk 20 and through the gap between the rotating metal disk 20 and the stationary cylindrical drum 11, they are showered down and sent through the conical discharge chute 24 for further cleaning.

The process of cleaning and sorting corn grains is similar to existing technologies.

Through the viewing window (not shown in FIG.) Of the protective casing 12, the end of the process of threshing the ears of corn is determined. After opening the gate 23, the corn rods and particles of wrappers under the action of centrifugal forces and air flow created by the rotating metal disk 20 are thrown out through the discharge window 22, where they are sent through a flexible sleeve (not shown) to the conveyor for further disposal.

Next, the technological process of threshing corn cobs in a wrapper is repeated similarly.

The proposed design in comparison with the prototype and other well-known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- high performance;

- the ability to thresh corn cobs in a wrapper at different moisture levels;

- minimizing the injury of corn grains when threshing the ears;

- simplicity of design.

Information sources.

1. Kreimerman, G.I. Threshing corn cobs / G.I. Kreimerman. - M., 1966. - 104 p.

2. Karpenko, A.N. Agricultural Machines / A.N. Karpenko, A.A. Zelenev. - M .: Kolos, 1965. - S.299-300.

3. Kurasov, B.C. Thresher for seed corn / B.C. Kurasov // Corn and sorghum. - 1998. - No. 6. - S.13-14.

Claims (2)

1. A threshing machine for threshing corn ears in a wrapper, comprising a loading hopper with a shutter, a cylindrical drum with a protective cover and an unloading window with a gate, a threshing drum, a bevel gear, a telescopic driveshaft, an arm, support legs and jumpers, a conical unloading chute and a hitch system characterized in that the threshing drum, made in the form of a metal disk, is placed inside a cylindrical drum with the possibility of rotation in a horizontal plane, and in the upper part of the metal the teeth are welded, made in the form of metal rods 15 mm high, staggered over eight sections of the metal disk with a pitch of 40 mm, while the central part of the metal disk, equal to the diameter of the lower opening of the feed hopper, is left free of teeth, as well as on the inside the cylindrical surface of the drum, on top of the extreme teeth of the metal disk, the same teeth are installed with a pitch of 20 mm along parabolic lines spaced apart by a distance equal to the diameter of the lower opening Ia hopper. 2. The thresher according to claim 1, characterized in that a shutter is installed in the lower part of the loading hopper, made in the form of a metal cone with the ability to move in a vertical plane.