RU49812U1 - TELESCOPIC BOOM EQUIPMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to hoisting-and-transport mechanical engineering, namely to telescopic boom equipment equipped with working bodies with executive hydraulic drives, and can be used on construction, lifting, road and other machines, including engineering demolition machines. The essence of the utility model is as follows. The working equipment contains an excavation bucket and a tooth-cultivator pivotally mounted at the end of the sliding section, equipped with independent drive hydraulic cylinders, providing both their individual work and joint, with the formation of a gripping-tick working body. The telescoping hydraulic cylinder is connected at one end to a hinged suspension mounted in a pull-out section, and at the other end to a hinged bracket fixed inside the support section at its beginning. The hydraulic lines for supplying the working working fluid to the driving hydraulic cylinders of the working bodies are arranged in two tiers in the cavity of the sliding section, above and below the telescoping hydraulic cylinder, and are made of rigid end pipelines and connecting flexible hoses. Rigid pipelines are placed at the inlet on a rack mounted on the telescoping hydraulic cylinder body, and at the outlet, on the bottom wall of the telescopic section. Flexible sleeves in the upper and lower tiers are located in the guides, which protect them from damage during the forward and reverse stroke of the boom and when it rotates around the longitudinal axis. When moving from the upper tier to the lower, they are divorced into separate branches on both sides of the telescoping hydraulic cylinder. Using the utility model allows to expand the functionality of telescopic boom equipment, to improve its operational characteristics.

Description

The utility model relates to hoisting and transport machinery, namely to telescopic boom equipment, equipped with working bodies with executive hydraulic drives, and can be used on construction, lifting, road and other machines, including engineering demolition machines.

Known telescopic boom of a hydraulic crane (US Pat. RF No. 2058260, B 66 C 23/68, 01/18/1993), containing a fixed and extendable boom sections and extension mechanism, consisting of the first and second hydraulic cylinders interconnected by a spherical hinge equipped with a sliding support interacting with the inner surface of the retractable boom section. The rods with the pistons of the first and second hydraulic cylinders are pivotally fixed at their ends respectively to the retractable and fixed sections of the boom. The rod of the second hydraulic cylinder is made tubular and has two concentric channels, of which the internal is connected to rodless cavities of the hydraulic cylinders, and the external is connected to the rod.

A disadvantage of the known telescopic boom is the complex design of the hydraulic system of the extension mechanism and, as a consequence, its low operational reliability. In addition, this boom is intended only for lifting and moving loads with a hook suspension of a crane. The extension of the boom functionality, for example, by placing additional working bodies, such as an excavation bucket, tooth-ripper, on the extension section, is not possible, because the presence in the cavity of the sliding section of the sliding support of the swivel joint, interacting with the internal surface of the sliding section, does not allow stretching the hydraulic lines for supplying the working fluid to the drives of additional working bodies.

As a prototype, the telescopic boom equipment of the excavator-planner (US Pat. RF No. 2072020, E 02 F 9/22, 3/39, 3/76, 09.24.1994) was selected, containing a telescopic boom consisting of a movable and fixed sections and inclined section of the fixed boom section, telescoping mechanism in the form

a long-stroke boom extension hydraulic cylinder, a bucket turning hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic fluid supply lines, and hydraulic control valves of said hydraulic cylinders. The arrow has a rotation mechanism. The inclined section of its fixed section is made in the form of a portal. A fixed section of the boom is mounted inside the portal with the possibility of rotation around the longitudinal axis. The boom extension hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the movable part of the boom, and the body on the portal. The bucket turning hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the movable part of the boom by the body, and connected to the bucket by the rod. The extension hydraulic cylinder has in its body inlets the first, second and third hydraulic lines, and the fourth and fifth conclusions in the stock. The rod has an internal cavity in which the central pipeline of connections with the fifth terminal is located. A second central pipeline is located inside the central pipeline. The fourth and fifth conclusions are connected by an external pipeline to the cavities of the bucket turning hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic distributors of both hydraulic cylinders are connected to the third and first inlets of the boom extension hydraulic cylinder.

In the specified telescopic equipment, the boom extension cylinder, in addition to the main purpose, provides a supply of working fluid to the bucket turning hydraulic cylinder. With such a constructive solution, placement of additional working bodies with independent drives providing their autonomous operation is excluded, since the existing boom extension hydraulic cylinder is not designed to accommodate additional hydraulic lines for supplying the working fluid to these drives.

Thus, the disadvantages of the prototype include its limited functionality due to the lack of the ability to equip the boom equipment with an additional working body.

At the same time, when creating telescopic equipment, one should take into account the fact that with a long-stroke telescoping hydraulic cylinder it is very difficult to maintain the straightness of the axis of the hydraulic cylinder under the influence of a moving load or when the boom is deformed. In this regard, it is advisable to provide unloading of the telescoping mechanism from transverse forces, leading to a loss of longitudinal stability.

Thus, the utility model is aimed at solving the problem of creating telescopic boom equipment equipped with several working bodies equipped with their own drive mechanisms and hydraulic lines, with the possibility

both their individual work, and joint, while maintaining the longitudinal stability of the telescoping mechanism.

The technical result obtained in solving the problem is to expand the functionality of telescopic boom equipment, to improve operational characteristics, to increase the reliability of the equipment.

The problem is solved in that in a telescopic boom equipment, including a telescopic two-section box-shaped boom, made fully rotatable around its longitudinal axis and containing a support section mounted in the portal, and a retractable section mounted in the cavity of the support section, a telescoping mechanism in the form of a long-stroke hydraulic cylinder, placed in the cavity of the pull-out section, and working equipment, including an excavation bucket with a drive hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic lines for feeding to the last according to the utility model, the working equipment is equipped with an additional working body in the form of a tooth-ripper, equipped with its own drive mechanism and hydraulic lines with the possibility of both individual operation of the tooth-ripper and its joint work with an excavating bucket with the formation of a gripping-tick working body , the telescoping hydraulic cylinder is fixed at one end by a hinge bracket inside the support section, at the other end, in a hinge suspension mounted in a pull-out section, and the lines for supplying the working fluid to the drive hydraulic cylinder of the excavation bucket and the drive mechanism of the tooth-ripper are located in the cavity of the pull-out section and are made of rigid end pipelines and connecting flexible hoses, and the hard pipelines at the inlet are placed on a rack mounted on the telescoping hydraulic cylinder body, and at the output - on one of the walls of the sliding section, for example, the bottom, with the possibility of joint movement with the specified section when it is extended, while the flexible sleeves are laid two tiers, and in the upper and lower tiers they are placed in guides that protect the flexible sleeves from damage during the forward and reverse stroke of the boom and when it rotates around the longitudinal axis, and when moving from the upper tier to the lower one, they are separated into separate branches on both sides of the hydraulic cylinder telescoping for supplying a working fluid, respectively, to the drive hydraulic cylinder of the excavation bucket and the drive mechanism of the tooth-ripper, in addition, at the end of the telescoping hydraulic cylinder

the separator is fixed, which ensures the laying of the branches of the flexible hoses in the initial position during the reverse stroke of the boom.

In this case, the driving hydraulic cylinder of the excavation bucket is installed in the cavity of the sliding section, and the driving mechanism of the tooth-ripper is made in the form of two hydraulic cylinders mounted on the sliding section along its outer side walls.

The guides of the flexible hoses in the upper tier are U-shaped and fixed on a rack mounted on the telescoping hydraulic cylinder body, during the rack, and in the lower tier the guides are made in the form of longitudinal strips welded to the lower wall of the sliding section on either side of the telescoping hydraulic cylinder.

At the same time, the rack for accommodating rigid pipelines and fastening the guides of flexible sleeves is made in the form of a telescopic sliding rod, one end of which is mounted on a telescoping hydraulic cylinder, and the other on the upper wall of the sliding section.

In this case, rigid pipelines at the outlet are fixed in the central part of the lower wall of the pull-out section under the telescoping hydraulic cylinder.

In addition, on the upper and lower shelves of the hinged suspension of the telescoping hydraulic cylinder, transverse beams are installed that limit the deflection of flexible hoses for the forward and reverse stroke of the retractable section.

Analysis of the hallmarks showed that:

- equipping the working equipment with an additional working body in the form of a tooth-ripper, equipped with its own drive mechanism and hydraulic lines with the possibility of both individual operation of the tooth-ripper, and its joint work with an excavating bucket with the formation of a gripping-tick working body, provides an extension of the functionality of the claimed boom equipment. For example, when working on heavy soils, a tooth-cultivator can be used as a separate working tool for preliminary destruction of the moved soil, including frozen soil, and together with an excavation bucket (in the form of a gripping and tick-borne organ) for gripping and moving loads, dimensions which do not allow to be placed in an excavation bucket;

- installation of a telescoping hydraulic cylinder by fixing one end thereof by means of a hinge bracket inside the support section, and the other end -

in the hinged suspension mounted in the extendable section, increases the stability of the boom while holding the load by providing unloading of the telescoping mechanism from the transverse forces leading to a loss of longitudinal stability, and also reduces the deflection of the long-stroke hydraulic cylinder from the action of its own mass and, therefore, the bending moment from the longitudinal strength. In addition, the installation of the articulated suspension protects the hydraulic cylinder from additional loads during deformation of the boom under the action of a moving load;

- the implementation of hydraulic lines from rigid end pipelines and connecting flexible hoses allows you to place them compactly in the inner cavity of the pull-out section (due to the fact that the flexible hoses can be laid in several tiers, separate into separate branches), thereby ensuring acceptable dimensions of the telescopic equipment and the possibility of separate supply of working fluid to independent hydraulic drives of two working bodies - an excavation bucket and a ripper tooth;

- the location of the rigid pipelines at the inlet on the rack mounted on the telescoping hydraulic cylinder body, and at the outlet on one of the walls of the telescopic section, for example, the bottom, with the possibility of joint movement with the specified section when it is extended, provides the supply of working fluid to the working bodies located at the end of the boom, at any of its position when turning around the longitudinal axis, also with forward and reverse stroke of the retractable section;

- the location of the flexible hoses in two tiers ensures compact laying of hydraulic lines, with an acceptable layout in the inner cavity of the pull-out section;

- the placement of flexible hoses in the upper and lower tiers in the guides that protect the flexible hoses from damage during the forward and reverse stroke of the boom and when it rotates around the longitudinal axis, eliminates contact between them and the moving parts of the boom structure, thereby eliminating mechanical wear on the sleeve shell;

- the breeding of flexible hoses during the transition from the upper tier to the lower to separate branches on both sides of the telescoping hydraulic cylinder for supplying the working fluid, respectively, to the hydraulic drive cylinder of the excavation bucket and the drive mechanism of the cultivator tooth, provides compact placement of flexible

sleeves and prevents them from tangling with a significant stroke length of the movable section of the boom, in the forward and reverse directions;

- fastening on the end of the telescoping telescoping hydraulic cylinder of the separator, ensures the laying of the branches of the flexible hoses in the initial position with the boom in reverse.

The technical essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 - telescopic boom equipment, General view;

figure 2 - portal with a support section of the boom;

figure 3 - bucket drive;

figure 4 - telescopic boom, top view;

figure 5 is a telescoping mechanism of the boom, side view;

in Fig.6 - laying of hydraulic lines in the cavity of the retractable section, a cross section BB in Fig.5;

Fig.7 is a diagram of the laying of the sleeves in the cavity of the retractable section;

on Fig - installation of the articulated suspension in the cavity of the retractable section, a cross section aa in Fig.5.

Telescopic boom equipment includes a telescopic two-section boom containing a support section 1 (Fig. 1, 2) installed in the portal 2, and a retractable section 3 installed inside the support section 1, a telescoping mechanism in the form of a long-stroke hydraulic cylinder 4 (telescoping hydraulic cylinder) located in cavities of the sliding section 3, working equipment and hydraulic lines for supplying the working fluid to the drive hydraulic cylinders of the working equipment. Both sections of the boom are box-shaped with a transverse rectangular section.

The long-stroke telescoping hydraulic cylinder 4, providing movement of the sliding section 3, is made of a double-barrel with a common rod. The first housing 5 is stationary, fixed in a hinge bracket 6 mounted inside the support section 1, at its beginning. The second housing 7 is fixed in the articulated suspension 8 associated with the sliding section 3 and has the ability to move together with the rod. The hinged suspension 8 compensates for distortions that occur during the operation of the pull-out section, and also protects the extension mechanism from additional loads during boom deformation under the influence of the moving load.

The working equipment contains an excavation bucket 9 and a tooth-ripper 10, pivotally mounted on the outer end of the sliding section 3 on the axis 11 (Fig.3). The rotation of the bucket 9 relative to axis 11 during its operation is carried out by a short-stroke hydraulic cylinder 12 installed in the cavity of the sliding section 3 through a three-link lever mechanism 13. The rotation of the tooth-ripper 10 relative to axis 11 is carried out by two short-stroke hydraulic cylinders 14 (Fig. 1) mounted on the side walls along the pull-out section 3. The rods of the hydraulic cylinders 14 are connected through a linkage 15 to the tooth-ripper 10, while turning the tooth-ripper 10 when the working fluid is supplied to the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder.

The use of an independent drive (independent hydraulic cylinders 12 and 14) allows you to adjust the distance between the excavation bucket 9 and the tooth-ripper 10, providing the possibility of their separate work or combined with the formation of a gripping-tick working body for use, for example, in the analysis of blockages and barriers.

The working fluid is supplied to the working bodies through four hydraulic lines "a", "a '" and "b", "b'" (Fig. 4, 5, 6), located in pairs relative to the hydraulic cylinder 4 in the inner cavity of the sliding section 3. Accordingly through the hydraulic lines “a”, “a '” the working fluid is supplied to the drive hydraulic cylinder 12 of the excavation bucket 9, and through the hydraulic lines “b”, “b'” - to the drive hydraulic cylinders 14 of the tooth-ripper 8. The hydraulic lines “a”, “a ' "And" in "," in '"are made of composite end pipes at the inlet 16, 16' and 17, 17 ', at the exit - 18, 18' and 19, 19 'and connecting flexible p kavov 20, 20 'and 21, 21' of high pressure.

At the input, rigid pipelines 16, 16 'and 17, 17' are placed on the rack 22 (Fig. 6) mounted on the telescoping cylinder 4, and at the exit on the bottom wall 23 of the sliding section 3, with the possibility of joint movement with the specified section 3 when it is advanced. On the bottom wall 23, pipelines 18, 18 'and 19, 19' are fixed in the central part under the hydraulic cylinder 4. The rack 22 is made in the form of a telescopic sliding rod, one end of which is mounted on the telescoping hydraulic cylinder 4, and the other end is on the upper wall 24 of the sliding section 3.

Flexible sleeves 20, 20 'and 21, 21' are laid in two tiers, in the upper and lower, and placed in the guides 25 and 26. In the upper tier, the guides 25 are made P-

shaped and installed on the rack 22, in the continuation of the latter. In the lower tier, the guides 26 are made in the form of longitudinal strips welded to the lower wall 23 of the pull-out section 3 on either side of the hydraulic cylinder 4. At the bend of the flexible hoses, when moving from the upper tier to the lower, they are divided into two branches, 20, 20, respectively 'and 21, 21', on both sides of the telescoping hydraulic cylinder 4.

The distance "K" between the upper rails 25 and the distance "K '" between the lower rails 26 should be greater than the outer diameter Bc of the housing 7 of the hydraulic cylinder 4 by an amount that excludes the friction of the flexible arms against the housing 7 when telescoping the boom. The radius R _{from the} bend (Fig.7) of the flexible hoses must be greater than or equal to the minimum allowable radius R _{min of the} bend of the sleeve: R _of ≥R _min .

To increase the reliability of hydraulic lines, the length of its flexible sleeves should be minimal, which will allow to avoid excessive deflection of the sleeves, tangling, bending, damage during movement, etc. The minimum length L _{t of} each flexible hose (counting from the place of its incorporation into rigid pipelines) is determined by two components - the telescoping length L _{t of the} boom and half the circumference specified by the radius R _{of the} arm in the cavity of section 3. Thus, the length of the arms 20, 20 'and 21, 21' L _p must be at least: L _p ≥L _t + R _outgoing

The fastening of the flexible hoses to the rigid pipelines on the rack 22 of the hydraulic cylinder 4 should be at a length L _kp = 0.5L _t from the axis of the hinged suspension 8 of the fastening of the housing 7 of the hydraulic cylinder 4, which ensures that the sleeves reach the hinge suspension with some clearance.

On the housing of the hydraulic cylinder 4, two bushings 27 are welded perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (Fig. 8). The frame 28 of the articulated suspension 8 is mounted on the hydraulic cylinder 4 by means of axles 29, which are mounted and locked in the vertical bushings 30 of the frame 28 and the bushings 27. The hydraulic cylinder 4 with the frame 28 is mounted on the side walls 31 of the extension section 3 through the horizontal axis 32 by removable bushings 33.

On the upper and lower walls of the frame 28 of the suspension 8 of the telescoping hydraulic cylinder 4, transverse beams 34 and 34 'are installed (Figs. 5, 8), which limit the deflection of the flexible hoses 20, 20' and 21, 21 'with the forward and reverse stroke of the sliding section 3.

At the end of the hydraulic cylinder 4, a separator 35 is installed (Figs. 3, 5), which ensures the separation of the right and left branches of the arms in any spatial position

arrows when the cylinder is retracted 4. With the extended and intermediate position of the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 4, the separation of the branches is provided by the housing of the hydraulic cylinder 4.

The rotation in the portal 2 of the support section 1, relative to its longitudinal axis, is carried out by the rotation mechanism 36 (FIGS. 1, 2).

The supply of the working fluid to the telescoping hydraulic cylinder 4 is provided along the hydraulic lines "c" and "d", to the piston cavity - along the hydraulic lines "s", "c '", to the rod - "d", "d'" (Fig. 4, 5 )

Work.

To extend the boom, the working fluid is fed into the piston cavity of the telescoping hydraulic cylinder 4 along the hydraulic lines "c", "c '", while the bodies 5, 7 of the hydraulic cylinder 4 diverge relative to the rod, and together with the body 7, the boom section 3 is connected associated with the specified body through the articulated suspension 8, while the housing 5, connected with the support section 1, remains in place. The discharge of the working fluid from the rod cavity is provided through the hydraulic lines "d", "d '".

During the reverse stroke of section 3, the working fluid is supplied through the hydraulic lines "d", "d '", while the drain from the rod cavity is provided, respectively, through the hydraulic lines "s", "c'".

To control the hydraulic cylinders 12, 14 of the drive of the excavation bucket 9 and the tooth-ripper 10, the working fluid is supplied to the indicated hydraulic cylinders, respectively, through the hydraulic lines "a", "a '" and "b", "b'".

When the boom is extended (retracted), the hydraulic cylinders 12 and 14 located in the pull-out section 3 change their position relative to the support section 1 by the magnitude of the telescoping stroke. In this case, the flexible hoses 20, 20 'and 21, 21', one end of which is fixed on the pull-out section 3, and the other on the rack 22, are moved to the upper tier, where they move half the telescoping length L _t .

To protect the flexible hoses 20, 20 'and 21, 21' of the upper tier from friction against the upper wall of the pull-out section 3 and the cylinder body 4, they are pairwise divided into two branches (one branch includes sleeves 20, 20 'and carries out the supply of working fluid to the hydraulic cylinder 12 of the excavation bucket 9, the other branch is the sleeves 21, 21 'for supplying the working fluid to the hydraulic cylinders 14 of the ripper tooth 10) and laid in the guides

25, and in the lower tier they are likewise pairwise divided by guides 26.

When telescoping the boom, the flexible sleeves 20, 20 'and 21, 21' of the lower tier are rolled relative to the flexible branches of the upper tier and, conversely, along the guides 25 and 26. This eliminates the friction of the sleeves on the moving elements of the boom structure and ensures their long service life.

An additional stabilization of the position of the sleeves in the guides 25 and 26 is ensured by the presence of residual (drain) pressure in the sleeves during telescoping of the boom, which is provided by the hydraulic control system (not shown in Fig.) By the telescopic boom.

When the boom is extended, the flexible arms of the upper tier, lengthening, sag. The presence of transverse beams 34 and 34 'exclude sagging of the sleeves when moving them together with the housing 7 of the hydraulic cylinder 4.

The supply of working fluid to the hydraulic cylinders 12, 14 of the excavation bucket 9, the tooth-ripper 10 and the hydraulic cylinder 4 of the telescoping from the portal 2 to the support section 1 and further to the hydraulic lines "a", "a '", "b", "b'", " c "," c '"," d "," d' "is provided through a hydraulic hinge (not shown in Fig.).

Thus, the claimed utility model provides a supply of working fluid to two working bodies located at the end of the pull-out section, with the possibility of both their individual work and joint, while maintaining high operational characteristics and reliability of the telescopic boom equipment, which is the solution tasks.

Claims (7)

1. Telescopic boom equipment, comprising a box-shaped telescopic two-section boom, made fully rotatable around its longitudinal axis and containing a support section installed in the portal, and a retractable section installed in the cavity of the support section, a telescoping mechanism in the form of a long-stroke hydraulic cylinder located in the cavity of the extendable section , and work equipment, including an excavation bucket with a drive hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic lines for supplying the last working fluid, characterized in that the working equipment is equipped with an additional working body in the form of a tooth-ripper, equipped with its own drive mechanism and hydraulic lines, with the possibility of both individual operation of the tooth-ripper and its joint work with an excavating bucket with the formation of a gripping-tick working body, a telescoping hydraulic cylinder at one end fixed by the hinge bracket inside the support section, the other end - in the hinge suspension installed in the pull-out section, and hydraulic lines for supplying the working fluid to the excavator bucket hydraulic cylinder and the tooth-ripper drive mechanism are located in the cavity of the retractable section and are made up of rigid end pipelines and connecting flexible hoses, and the rigid pipelines at the inlets are placed on a rack mounted on the telescoping hydraulic cylinder body, and at the exit on one of the walls extendable section, for example, lower, with the possibility of joint movement with the specified section when it is extended, while the flexible sleeves are laid in two tiers, with the upper and in the lower tiers, they are placed in guides that protect the flexible hoses from damage during the forward and reverse stroke of the boom and when it rotates around the longitudinal axis, and when moving from the upper tier to the lower tier, they are divided into separate branches on both sides of the telescoping hydraulic cylinder, for supplying the working fluid, accordingly, to the drive hydraulic cylinder of the excavation bucket and the drive mechanism of the tooth-ripper, in addition, a separator is fixed at the end of the telescoping hydraulic cylinder, which ensures the laying of branches of the flexible sleeve s to the starting position during the reverse stroke of the boom. 2. Telescopic boom equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive hydraulic cylinder of the excavation bucket is installed in the cavity of the retractable section. 3. The telescopic boom equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive mechanism of the tooth-cultivator is made in the form of two hydraulic cylinders mounted on a pull-out section along its outer side walls. 4. The telescopic boom equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the guides of the flexible hoses in the upper tier are U-shaped and mounted on a rack mounted on the body of the telescoping hydraulic cylinder, during the rack, and in the lower tier the guides are made in the form of longitudinal bars welded to the bottom wall of the pull-out section on either side of the telescoping hydraulic cylinder. 5. The telescopic boom equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the rack for accommodating rigid pipelines and securing flexible hoses is made in the form of a telescopic sliding rod, one end of which is mounted on the telescoping hydraulic cylinder, and the other end is on the upper wall of the sliding section. 6. Telescopic boom equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid pipelines at the outlet are fixed in the central part of the lower wall of the pull-out section under the telescoping hydraulic cylinder. 7. Telescopic boom equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that on the upper and lower shelves of the hinged suspension of the telescoping hydraulic cylinder there are transverse beams limiting the deflection of the flexible hoses for the forward and reverse stroke of the retractable section.