RU31905U1 - Multi-level stubble grain seeder - Google Patents

Description

Multi-level stubble seeder.

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to a multi-level stubble grain fertilizer seeder for applying seed and fertilizers to the soil in the presence of stubble and a layer of crushed straw on the soil surface.

Known seeder designed for sowing seeds of grain x crops with the simultaneous introduction of the main dose of mineral fertilizers. The seeder contains grain-fertilizer bins with sowing devices, which are connected with mounted seed tubes with single-disk and double-disk openers in transverse rows, leveling reflectors are installed behind the single-disk openers (see description of the invention to USSR copyright certificate No. 1371564, IPC 4 A01 C 7/00, stated 08/12/86, published on 02/07/88).

The disadvantage of this seeder is that on moist soils, due to insufficient loosening of the soil by the disc coulter, the sowing furrows are poorly covered and the seeds remain partially open.

An ordinary seeder is also known for applying seed and fertilizers to the soil by the direct sowing method without soil cultivation (see the description of the invention to the USSR patent .f 1496622, IPC 4 A01 C 7/20, claimed 25.04.83, published 07.23.89).

The seeder contains a frame, a hopper and openers having a paralnik made in the form of a chisel-like share, a cultivator fixed in front of the paralnik. This seeder allows the separate application of seed and fertilizers at different levels from the soil surface in the absence of pre-sowing tillage.

The disadvantage of such a seeder is that in the presence of large quantities of straw on the soil surface, an accumulation of a mixture of soil and plant residues occurs on the middle part of the cultivator, which prevents

further normal progress.

The closest adopted for the prototype is the grain-stubble seeder SZS-2.1 (see "Voronov Yu.I., Kovalev V.N., Ustinov A.N. Agricultural machines. - M .: Higher school, 1982. - p. 135).

The seeder contains a frame with a tow hitch, a grain-fertilizer hopper, sowing devices, seed tubes, tube coulters with two interchangeable bodies: lancet cultivator paws and chisel-shaped tips, press rollers, rollers, the mechanism for lifting the seeder into transport position and lowering it into the working, supporting a wheel, a mechanism for transmitting rotation from the packer rollers to the shafts of the sowing devices. The seeder provides sowing along the stubble with simultaneous cultivation, introduction into the rows of granular fertilizers and soil rolling in the sown rows.

The disadvantage of this seeder is that the fertilizer in the rows occurs at the same level with the seed, which reduces the efficiency of fertilizer use.

A multi-level stubble grain seeder is proposed, including a frame with a towing device, a grain-fertilizer hopper with compartments for seeds and fertilizers, sowing machines, seed tubes connected to tubular coulters, pipelines, packer rollers installed in the direction of movement of the coulters, front support wheel, front support wheel, , a mechanism for transmitting rotation to the metering apparatus, characterized in that it further comprises rear support wheels mounted sequentially along the extreme and coulters, and rippers connected to the pipelines in the form of an arrow-shaped wedge with a knife fixed to the sole of the wedge, and the ripper is attached to the main rack so that the plane of the sole of the ripper is inclined to a horizontal plane, an inclined wedge-shaped outlet tip is attached to the lower part of the tubular opener directed to side, pro / / y /

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opposite to the movement, while the main stand, to the back wall of which the pipe for installing the man-made pipe is attached, is made wedge-shaped in the front, streamlined in the direction of movement, and the coulter stand is hinged to the main stand and spring-loaded to it, while the coulter tip is located above the ripper point.

In addition, the front support wheel is double, and the packer; its rollers are made in the form of wheels with pneumatic tires.

The work of a multi-level stubble grain seeder is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a grain-seeded multilevel stubble seeder, side view; in FIG. 2 - the working body of the seeder.

The multi-level stubble grain seeder contains a frame 1 with a tow hitch 2, supporting it; I tuck in on the front 3 and rear 4 support wheels and on the spring-loaded attachments, 5 rollers located on frame 1, a grain-fertilizer hopper 6 with grain 7 and fertilizer 8 sowing machines, mechanism 9 rotation transmission to sowing devices 7 and 8, seed tubes 10 connected to grain openers 11, pipelines 12 connected to cultivators 13, a mechanism 14 for raising the working bodies and press rollers. On the frame 1 of the seeder in three rows there are placed the main racks 15 of a wedge-shaped shape, to the lower part of which are mounted rippers 13 having the shape of a swept wedge. Rippers 13 are mounted on the main struts 15 so that the plane of their sole is inclined to the horizontal plane. On the soles of the rippers 13 fixed removable knives 16 arrow-shaped. A pipe 17 is attached to the rear wall of the rack 15 for connecting the piping 12. The tubular grain coulters 11 are mounted on the main struts 15 using the bracket 18 and the axis 19. In the lower part of the grain coulters 11 there are inclined wedge-shaped tips 20, interfaced with the tubular racks of the grain coulters 11. Inside the tip, at its center, a separator of the seed flow is installed in the form of a dihedral wedge (not shown in the drawing). To adjust

the depth of seed placement and to change the thickness of the night layer between fertilizers and seeds in the upper part of the grain openers 11 there is a series of mounting recesses 21 located at different levels vertically.

To increase the working width, coupling devices are provided (not shown in the drawing) for aggregating two or more seeders. The aggregation of several seeders allows sowing on uneven surfaces. For ease of maintenance, the seeder is equipped with a flat, adka 22 with a guard for maintenance personnel. Packing rollers 5 consist of seven sections (wheels with pneumatic tires), which ensures continuous rolling of crops.

The seeder works as follows.

At the beginning and end of work, the operator lowers or raises the working bodies and the rolling rollers 5. The seeder is moved from the working position to the transport and vice versa using the mechanism 14 for lifting the working bodies and the rolling rollers 5. When the seeder moves across the field in the working position (with the workers lowered organs) grain 7 and fertilizer 8 sowing machines are driven by a mechanism 9 for transmitting rotation from the packer rollers 5 seeder. Seeds and fertilizers from the grain-fertilizer hopper 6 by gravity enter the metering devices 7 and 8, which direct them to the seed ducts 10 and the fertilizer ducts 12, respectively. Through the seed tube 10, the seeds enter the grain opener 11. When moving, the cultivator 13 cuts and raises the surface soil layer with a thickness equal to the depth of the fertilizer (tuk), while cutting the weeds. Fertilizers through the fertilizer line 12 are distributed by gravity to the strip at the bottom of the furrow formed by the cultivator 13. Fertilizing is done by self-cutting soil from the walls of the grooves. The grain coulter 11 is located at a considerable distance behind the cultivator 13, which provides conditions for a good closure of the fertilizer furrow before the seeds begin to be sown. At the same time, the grain opener 11 additionally covers the fertilizer with a layer of soil, forms and compacts the seed bed. Seeds that fall into the grain opener are sent to the prepared seedbed with two tapes on both sides of the fertilizer strip. With further movement, the top layer of loosened soil is poured through the grain opener 11 and covers the planted seeds. The rear 4 support wheels and the packer wheels, rollers 5, the choke, followed by the grain openers 11, compact the soil and reduce the blowing of its particles.

The inventive seeder can be used for ordinary sowing of various crops simultaneously with the cultivation and separate application of fertilizers and seeds at different levels on untreated soils with the presence of stubble and a layer of chopped straw. To ensure the operability of the proposed device, the distance between the tip of the cultivator and the coulter tip can be selected within 400-500 mm to ensure high-quality seed placement at the required depth. The depth of seed placement in the soil is regulated by changing the depth of the grain opener and depends on the type of sowing crop and the type of soil. The difference in the installation height of the grain opener and cultivator determines the thickness of the soil layer between the seeds and fertilizers and can be selected in the range of 60-120 mm. The plane of the sole of the cultivator can be inclined to the horizontal plane by 5-10 °.

The proposed seeder allows you to increase the yield of crops by improving the quality of sowing. The implementation of the cultivator in the form of an arrow-shaped wedge, installed obliquely to the horizontal plane, and the main rack - wedge-shaped and streamlined in the direction of movement, makes it possible to loosen the soil, cut the weeds under the sowing tape, form a groove for applying fertilizer, prepare strips for sowing seeds on soils with the presence of stubble and plant debris. Fertilizing below the seed level increases the efficiency of their use, with the fertilizer being applied in one strip and the seeds being separated from the fertilizer with a small layer of earth and applied in two narrow strips above the fertilizer.

This is achieved by the fact that the fertilizer line is connected to the cultivator, and the vas deferens to the rack of the grain opener, while the opener is mounted above the level of the ripper point. Since the coulter stand is spring-loaded to the main stand, the device allows you to copy the surface of the soil, providing sowing of seeds at the same level from the soil surface.

The front support wheels are made double to reduce pressure on the soil. The rear support wheels are installed in a row with the packer rollers and sequentially along the extreme openers and at the same time serve as packer rollers.

The use of wheels with pneumatic tires as packer rollers reduces the sticking of soil to the wheels and improves the smoothness of the drill. Pneumatic wheels are set so that the top of the “herringbone tread pattern at the point of contact with the soil is directed forward (in the direction of travel).

The use of a multi-level stubble-grain seeder for ordinary sowing of various crops simultaneously with cultivation and separate application of fertilizers and seeds on untreated soils with the presence of stubble and a layer of chopped straw improves the quality of crops, ensures sowing of seeds at the same level from the soil surface and uniform emergence of seedlings. In addition, the seeder allows you to plant fertilizers in the lower, wetter layer of soil, which helps to increase the efficiency of fertilizer use and, ultimately, increase the yield of sown crops.

Claims (3)

1. A multi-level stubble grain seeder, including a frame with a towing device, a grain-fertilizer hopper with seed and fertilizer compartments, sowing machines, seed tubes connected to tubular coulters, pipelines, packer rollers installed in the direction of movement of the coulters, front support wheel, lifting mechanism for transmitting rotation to the metering apparatus, characterized in that it further comprises rear support wheels mounted sequentially along the extreme openers and, and rippers connected to the pipelines in the form of an arrow-shaped wedge with a knife fixed to the sole of the wedge, and the ripper is attached to the main rack so that the plane of the bottom of the ripper is inclined to a horizontal plane, an inclined wedge-shaped outlet tip is directed to the side, opposite to the movement, while the main stand, to the rear wall of which a pipe is mounted for the installation of the piping, is made wedge-shaped in front, streamlined in the direction of movement of the form, and with The coulter heel is pivotally attached to the main stand and spring loaded to it, while the coulter tip is located above the ripper tip. 2. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the front support wheel is made double. 3. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the packer rollers are made in the form of wheels with pneumatic tires.