RU31263U1 - Diesel particulate filter - Google Patents

Description

The particulate filter is designed primarily for cleaning soot and other solid particles of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines and can be used in automobile and railway transport, as well as in industries associated with the emission of dusty gases - metallurgical, cement, thermal stations, etc.

Particulate filters are widely known in which soot particles from engine exhaust gases are separated and accumulated on filter elements made in the form of porous ceramic (cermet) or fibrous walls. At the same time, soot settles on the surface of the filtering elements, and the hydraulic resistance of the filter increases. The process of removing soot from filter elements is called regeneration. Regeneration is carried out using burners or electric heaters (an increase in temperature causes soot burning), or by blowing with compressed air or exhaust gases into special containers - carbon black collectors.

Known ceramic particulate filter containing tubular filter elements located in the housing. Each element consists of a perforated tube base, on the outer surface of which a porous filter element is placed. On top of each filter element is a wire mesh, which is an electric heater. With an increase in hydraulic resistance, current is supplied to the electric heater until a temperature increase sufficient for soot burning occurs. 1 - Application 3800723 Germany, MKI F 01 N 3/02, Н 05 В 3/46 / Heuer Jurgen, Frank Rudolf, Mohr Reinhold, Maischein Rudolf; Daimler-Benz AG - No. 3800723.1; Claim 01/13/88; Publ. 07/27/89. Systems of this kind are structurally complex and expensive,

2001121062

SOOT FILTER because they require the use of special pressure sensors. Moreover,

there is a risk of failure of the ceramic filter from exposure to high temperatures. As soot accumulates on the filter, the backpressure in the exhaust system increases, which reduces engine power and causes it to overheat.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed solution is a filter burner of soot particles of exhaust gases of engine 2 - Application 3922019 Germany, MKI F01 N 3/02, F01 N 3/36; Richter Gerhard, - No. 3922019.2; Declare. 07/05/89; Publ. 04/05/90. The design consists of a housing and a hollow cylindrical drum having the possibility of rotation. A plate guide apparatus is mounted on the drum axis, which drives the drum into rotation. A combustion chamber is provided in the upper part of the filter housing, into which fuel and air are injected. The combustion products of the combustion chamber heat the entire surface of the rotating drum to temperatures sufficient for the afterburning of soot particles. To increase the efficiency of the drum can be made perforated, in this case, the combustion products from the combustion chamber penetrate into the internal cavity of the filter. As the filter regenerates continuously, its flow resistance is kept to a minimum. The disadvantages of this device are the design complexity caused by the presence of a combustion chamber and fuel and air supply systems, additional fuel consumption, as well as the constant high temperature of the filter, which reduces its durability.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to expand the possible field of application of the particulate filter, reducing the dimensions of the structure, reducing the complexity of its manufacture and maintenance, increasing the durability and reliability of the structure as a whole.

2

The technical result is achieved (see Fig. 1) by creating a carbon black

a filter having, in comparison with the prototype, brushes that remove soot from the surface of the filter element.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the inventive particulate filter, consisting of the following main parts: prefabricated housing 1, perforated drum 2, plate guide apparatus 3, filter element 4, brush 5, carbon black 6, inlet pipe 7 and exhaust pipe 8.

The particulate filter operates as follows. The exhaust gases enter the housing 1 through the inlet pipe 7 and pass through the filter element 4, leaving soot particles on it. Through the perforated holes of the drum 2, the stream of purified gas enters the plate guide apparatus 3 installed in the outlet pipe 8, driving the drum into rotation, and is released into the atmosphere. The brush 5, pressed against the surface of the filter element, removes soot particles deposited on its surface, which are poured into the soot collector 6.

The advantages of the proposed technical solution are achieved due to the mechanical removal of the soot layer from the surface of the filter element, and, therefore, due to the simplification of the design and the absence of fuel costs for regeneration. The absence of drive and control mechanisms, the manufacturability of the particulate filter, as well as the minimum maintenance costs (unloading of the carbon black) will improve its consumer characteristics. In addition, the use of mechanical cleaning allows you to use a filter to clean gases from non-combustible particles, for example, from cement dust.

A variant of the claimed design is shown in FIG. 2. It is characterized in that the filter element 4 is located on the inner surface of the stationary perforated drum 1, and brushes 5 are driven into rotation by means of a plate guide apparatus 3. Accumulating in the carbon black

soot is burned when the electric heater 6 is turned on.

To increase the filter surface, it is possible to place the filter element not only on the cylindrical surface of the drum, but also on its end. Accordingly, the brush in this case will be located both on the cylindrical and on the end surface of the housing.

Soot from the carbon black can be removed periodically or burned directly in the carbon black using an electric heater. The latter option, in comparison with analogue 1, has the following advantages:

the filter element is not exposed to heat, which increases its durability;

the heated volume is less and large volumes of exhaust gases do not pass through it, which reduces the cost of electricity for heating.

If necessary, additional purification of exhaust gases from oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide on the surface of the filter element can be applied to the catalyst. The catalytic unit can also be installed in the exhaust pipe.

If necessary, an electric motor can be used instead of a plate guide apparatus. In addition, the filter can be equipped with sensors that monitor the pressure drop across the filter and the operation of the electric motor.

4

1. A diesel particulate filter comprising a housing, a perforated drum with a filter element, a plate guide apparatus, an inlet and outlet pipe, characterized in that the soot from the filter element is removed by brush.

2. The particulate filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter element is placed on the cylindrical and end surfaces of the perforated drum.

3. The diesel particulate filter according to claim 1, characterized in that an electric heater is installed in the carbon black.

4. The particulate filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalyst is applied to the filter element.

5. The diesel particulate filter according to claim 1, characterized in that a catalytic unit is installed in the exhaust pipe.

6. The diesel particulate filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation of the drum is carried out by a separate electric motor.

7. A diesel particulate filter according to claim 3, characterized in that it is equipped with a differential pressure control system for the filter and for the operation of the electric motor.

5 FORMULATION OF THE INVENTION

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1. Application 3800723 Germany, MKI F 01 N 3/02, Н 05 В 3/46 / Heuer JOrgen, Frank Rudolf, Mohr Reinhold, Maischein Rudolf; Daimier-Benz AG - No. 3800723.1; Claim 01/13/88; Publ. 07/27/89.

2. Application 3922019 Germany, MKI F 01 N 3/02, F 01 N 3/36; Richter Gerhard; - No. 3922019.2; Claim 07/05/89; Publ. 04/05/90.

Claims (7)

1. A particulate filter comprising a housing, a perforated drum with a filter element, a plate guide apparatus, an inlet and an outlet pipe, characterized in that it comprises a brush for removing soot from the filter element. 2. The particulate filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter element is placed on the cylindrical and end surfaces of the perforated drum. 3. The particulate filter according to claim 1, characterized in that an electric heater is installed in the carbon black. 4. The particulate filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalyst is applied to the filter element. 5. The particulate filter according to claim 1, characterized in that a catalytic unit is installed in the exhaust pipe. 6. The particulate filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation of the drum is carried out by a separate electric motor. 7. The particulate filter according to claim 3, characterized in that it is equipped with a differential pressure control system for the filter and for the operation of the electric motor.