RU30747U1 - A device for the processing of hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Description

oV J,

A device for the processing of hydrocarbons

The invention relates to the thermal processing of hydrocarbon raw materials, in particular for the pyrolysis of worn-out car tires and other secondary polymers, their materials to produce components used in the energy sector and in the production of building materials.

A carbon-burning furnace is known, which contains a metal case with a lining, a removable chamber with fasteners installed in the furnace, a heating source, including electric heaters and means for burning volatile pyrolysis products, a system for supplying pyrolysis gas to a means for burning for heating the furnace (see, RU, No. 2091425, IPC Syu 1/04, 53/02).

The disadvantage of this furnace is the low efficiency of the pyrolysis process, the complexity of the design.

The closest technical solution to the claimed one is a furnace for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon raw materials, containing a horizontally detachable metal case with a lining, an interchangeable pyrolysis chamber with a basket for loading sulfur in it, a source of heating of the furnace with flue gases, means for removing pyrolysis products in the form of a tray and pipe ( see p., RU, No. 2078111, IPC SyuV 1/04, C10G 1/10, Syuv 53/08).

The disadvantages of the known furnace are high energy costs due to heat loss with exhaust heating gases, the need to cool the furnace after pyrolysis of each batch of raw materials and its subsequent heating at the beginning of each new cycle, and also due to the irrational consumption of heat by heating gases for the forced heating of the entire furnace volume despite to reduce the amount of sfia in the pyrolysis chamber as it decomposes. In addition, the location of the heating source in one place does not simultaneously ensure uniform heating of the entire mass of sfi, which reduces the pyrolysis efficiency, and heating with flue gases also leads to pollution of the MPC ClOB 1/04 F23G 5/027

environmental science.

The disadvantages also include the complexity of the design, due to the implementation of the furnace body detachable horizontally, which also complicates its maintenance.

The technical result of the claimed technical solution is to reduce energy consumption, accelerate the pyrolysis process and simplify the design, providing increased efficiency and economy of the inventive device.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a device for processing hydrocarbon raw materials containing a furnace in the form of a metal case with a lining, a removable pyrolysis chamber installed in it, a heating source and a branch pipe for removing pyrolysis products, while the metal case with the furnace lining is complete, the heating source is filled in the form of heating elements uniformly located on the inner surface in the channels of the furnace lining with the possibility of their sequential shutdown, in addition to the device It contains a node for alternately supplying additional coolant with an activating agent and inert gas to the pyrolysis chamber, made in the form of pipes with holes vertically mounted and evenly spaced throughout the volume of the pyrolysis chamber and collector connected to pipes and pipelines of inert gas and an additional coolant with activating agent. The holes in the pipes are made in their lower part at a length not exceeding V4 of the height of the pipes.

Comparison of the proposed technical solution with the prototype allowed us to establish the presence of distinctive features from the prototype, therefore, this technical solution meets the criterion of "NOVELTY.

The implementation of the metal casing with the furnace lining is integral with heating elements uniformly placed on its inner surface (side and bottom), as well as the introduction into the device of vertical pipes with holes placed uniformly throughout the entire volume of the pyrolysis chamber to supply additional coolant

(vapor-gas mixture) and activating agent - catalyst (pyrolysis liquid) provides fast and uniform heating and accelerated thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of the entire volume of raw materials, increasing the efficiency of the device.

In addition, the use of vertical pipes with holes for supplying inert gas in order to remove air (oxygen) from the pyrolysis chamber before heating the raw materials also accelerates the pyrolysis process, increasing the efficiency and fire safety of the device.

The use of heating elements for heating the pyrolysis chamber with the possibility of their sequential shutdown as the amount of raw materials decreases and settling in the chamber during pyrolysis, as well as the ability to quickly install a replaceable pyrolysis chamber at the end of pyrolysis in an uncooled furnace, significantly reduces energy consumption and pause time between cycles, while increasing device performance

The execution of the furnace body integral with a quick-release pyrolysis chamber, as well as the use of the same device for supplying additional coolant with an activating agent and inert gas, greatly simplifies the design of the device as a whole and simplifies its maintenance.

The figure shows a General view of the device, a vertical section.

The device consists of a furnace 1, made in the form of a metal casing and lining. The furnace is equipped with heating elements 2j, for example, electric heaters or ceramic gas burners installed in the lining channels of the side walls and the bottom of the furnace body 1. Inside the furnace 1, a replaceable pyrolysis chamber 3 with a hermetically sealed lined cover 4 is placed with a gap. The device contains a unit for alternately supplying additional coolant with an activating agent and an inert gas filled in the form of pipes 5, vertically mounted and evenly spaced along the volume of the pyrolysis chamber 3, and a collector 6 with a pipe 7 connected through a valve 8 with pipelines 9.10 of inert gas and additional coolant with an activating agent (gas-vapor mixture with pyrolysis liquid), respectively.

Openings 11 are made in the lower part of the pipes 5 at a height of no more than V through equal distances and evenly circumferential. A nozzle 12 for removing the pyrolysis products is installed in the cover 4 of the pyrolysis chamber 3, which is connected through the valve 13 with a pipe 14 for removing the pyrolysis products.

The device operates as follows.

Prepared raw materials, for example, rubber waste or polyethylene and polypropylene waste, are loaded into a removable pyrolysis chamber 3. Inert gas is supplied through a manifold 6 connected to the pipeline 9 through the openings 11 of the pipes 5 to the pyrolysis chamber 3, displacing air (oxygen) from it. Then the pyrolysis chamber 3 is installed in the furnace 1, connecting the pipe 7 through the valve 8 with the pipe 10 and the pipe 12 through the valve 13 with the pipe 14. Turn on the heating elements, for example, electric heaters 2, and heat the raw material to the temperature of the beginning of pyrolysis. Under the influence of heat, pyrolysis of the charged feedstock occurs with the formation of pyrolysis products — a vapor-gas mixture and a solid residue. The gas-vapor mixture through the pipe 12 and the valve 13 enters the heat exchanger (not shown in the drawing), where there is a separation into a liquid fraction - pyrolysis liquid and gas mixture.

To accelerate the process of thermal degradation, an additional coolant with an activating agent is briefly supplied to the pipes 5 through the collector 6 for a short time — an uncooled vapor-gas mixture and pyrolysis liquid, which enter the pyrolysis chamber 3 through the openings 11 of the pipes 5. and envelop the particles of raw materials throughout the volume, additionally warming the raw materials and accelerating the process of thermal decomposition (pyrolysis). With pyrolysis, the volume of raw materials in the pyrolysis chamber 3 decreases, and correspondingly, the decrease in the volume of raw materials in the chamber turns off the upper groups of heating elements 2, thereby reducing energy consumption.

After pyrolysis is complete, the interchangeable pyrolysis chamber 4 is changed to another, which is previously freed from the solid residue, loaded with raw materials and purged with inert gas. Moreover, at the end of each cycle, the furnace is not cooled or heated at the beginning of a new cycle.

The proposed device that provides with minimal energy efficient pyrolysis of hydrocarbon waste (car tires, polyethylene, polypropylene) to produce useful components, will find wide industrial application.

Claims (2)

1. A device for processing hydrocarbon raw materials, containing a furnace in the form of a metal body with a lining, a removable pyrolysis chamber installed in it, a heating source and a pipe for removing pyrolysis products, characterized in that the metal case with the furnace lining is made whole, the heating source is made in the form of heating elements evenly located on the inner surface in the channels of the lining of the furnace with the possibility of sequential shutdown, while the device further comprises a node for transversely ennoy supplying additional coolant with an activating agent and an inert gas in the pyrolysis chamber, made in the form of tubes with holes, vertically positioned and evenly spaced throughout the volume of the pyrolysis chamber, and a collector connected with pipes and conduits of the inert gas and the additional coolant with an activating agent. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes in the pipes are made in their lower part at a length of not more than 1/4 of the height of the pipes.