RU2836249C2 - Mobile artillery-weapon system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: armoured vehicles.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mobile armoured vehicles. Mobile artillery-weapon system comprises an armoured body with operator workstations, a tracked running gear and a rotating turret equipped with a main calibre weapon, and mounted small arms installation with additional weapons.

EFFECT: increased frontal firepower and all-round protection.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention - a mobile artillery-rifle system (hereinafter MARS) - relates to mobile combat armored vehicles that combine the functional capabilities of tanks, self-propelled artillery units (SAU), infantry fighting vehicles (IFV) and tank support combat vehicles (BSV).

Mobile armored vehicles with various weapon variants are used as combat support for both offensive and defensive operations.

The type and variant execution of such machines in their historical development from the moment of their inception to the present day are clearly and quite exhaustively presented in the illustrated encyclopedia (see The most famous tanks in the world / Vyacheslav Shpakovsky - M .: ACT Publishing House 2021.-256 p. - (the best weapons in the world) [1]; Tanks and armored vehicles. Popular illustrated guide / A.G. Mernikov. - Moscow: ACT Publishing House, 2022.-192 p.: ill [2]; Modern tanks and military armored vehicles / translated from English by A.V. Bochkovsky: - M .: ROSMEN, 2020.- 224 p. ill. [3].

The most representative of this series are tanks. The fundamental difference of this series of machines is that these machines are primarily intended for offensive combat. In general, these are heavily armored machines, mainly on tracks, usually having one main caliber gun installed in a rotating armored turret.

As additional weapons, tanks are most often equipped with machine guns of various calibers, which are controlled both from inside the armored hull or turret and from the outside.

Machine guns are intended mainly for the frontal destruction of enemy manpower, especially those armed with hand-held portable means of destroying tanks, as well as for combating air targets, while the use of external machine guns is associated with enormous risks, since the operator is forced to leave the armored hull of the turret to control such weapons.

In order to increase the tank’s survivability, the outer perimeter of the armor is equipped with additional protective equipment.

The most effective method of increasing tank survivability is to reduce the area of the frontal perimeter, especially due to its altitude component and increased frontal streamlining. This inevitably leads to a decrease in the height of the gun position and, as a consequence, to a reduction in the range of defeating enemy firing points with direct fire, which greatly reduces the effectiveness of using tanks, especially in rough terrain.

In addition, as practice shows, in urbanized areas a tank is highly vulnerable to portable hand-held weapons, so without infantry support in such areas a tank becomes an easily hit target from closed positions.

In order to increase the survivability of tanks, various solutions are being taken:

Thus, on the ABRAMS tank (p. 141 [1]), armored berths are installed on the rear of the turret, in which soldiers armed with small arms are located, providing protection for the tank from the sides, top and rear.

In the variant with the mounts at the rear of the armor, soldiers armed with small arms can only hit an open enemy with a direct hit, and an enemy throwing combat or incendiary weapons from an ambush is out of their reach; in addition, the turret's yaw greatly complicates aimed fire through narrow loopholes.

Another direction is the creation of special armored vehicles that accompany tanks and provide them with support and protection; such vehicles include, for example, the ZSU2EVM Tunguska-M project (p. 142 [1]) and the BM1GG Terminator tank support combat vehicle (p. 224 [1]).

These vehicles are often armed with multi-barrel rapid-fire small-caliber long-range guns up to 30 mm in caliber, combined with paired machine guns of different calibers. In addition, they are equipped with rocket recoilless weapons and rapid-fire grenade launchers. The main purpose of their use is that, if they have their own radar installations, they track objects threatening tanks from the air and destroy them with small-caliber barrel guns or missile systems.

Along the front, long-range rapid-fire guns destroy enemy manpower in expected ambushes from above, and grenade launchers create a damaging effect on the enemy in depressions, trenches, and basements.

The effectiveness of combat cover for tanks by accompanying other specialized vehicles in urbanized areas is reduced to a minimum, since in conditions of cramped spaces, limited by buildings, one escort vehicle can support practically only one or two tanks on the street.

The purpose of the present invention is to create a mobile artillery-rifle system and corresponding additional highly mobile weapons on it, which should ensure an increase in the frontal firepower of the system and guarantees of its all-round protection from damage in urbanized areas in autonomous mode.

The stated objective is disclosed in the following figures, which are the subject of the invention claims.

Fig. 1 - schematically shows the side view of the MAPC system with a mounted shooting unit in combat mode with a drive lever mechanism.

Fig. 2 schematically shows a NSU with a lever-and-rocker mechanism.

Fig. 3 - schematically shows the side view of the MARS system with a mounted shooting unit in transport mode.

Fig. 4 - schematically shows a side view of a fragment of the NSU with a multi-link lever mechanism.

Fig. 5 - schematically shows the side view of the MARS with additional weapons installed on the rear of the turret on the hull.

The following symbols are used in the figures listed:

1. Armored hull;

2. Chassis system;

3. Tower;

4. Main caliber gun;

5. Standard weapons;

6. Supporting console;

7. Horizontal bearing hinge;

8. Movable frame with side members;

9. Horizontal support hinge;

10. Traverse;

11. Frame drive mechanism;

12. Lower arm of the crossbar;

13. Vertical axis of the crossbeam;

14. Traction rod;

15. Turret drive;

16. Turret;

17. Horizontal turret hinge;

18. Lodgement;

19. Armament on the beds;

20. Remote drive of the trays;

21. Radar with video surveillance and target designation systems;

22. Additional mounted weapons;

23. Window guides;

24. Backstage;

25. Support bar;

26. Proofreader;

27. Reservation elements;

28. Armored collar;

29. Vertical hinge;

30. Balancing device;

31. Vertical axis;

32. Quick-release fasteners.

The mobile artillery and rifle system (hereinafter MARS) consists (Fig. 1) of a solid armored supporting hull 1, supported by a chassis, primarily a tracked one 2. A rotating turret 3 with a main caliber gun 4 is mounted on the hull. Additional weapons 5, usually in the form of machine guns of different calibers, can be mounted on the turret and/or inside.

The operator's workstations are located inside the hull and turret, and the ammunition for the main gun in the turret is also located here.

In general, the MAPC base is a tank in its classic design with a turret in the front or middle of the hull.

The fundamental difference of the proposed system is that MARS is equipped with additional multi-purpose weapons using a mounted rifle mount (hereinafter referred to as HRU) attached to it.

The NSU in a variant design may consist, for example, of a permanent or removable load-bearing console 6 installed on the rear of the tower.

On console 6, at the rear or front along the direction of travel, a horizontal supporting hinge 7 is mounted, the axis of which is located perpendicular to the axis of the main caliber gun 4.

On the supporting horizontal hinge 7, one end of the frame 8 with longitudinal side members is mounted movably relative to the console.

At the ends of the longitudinal side members of the opposite end of the frame 8, a crossbar 10 is installed movably relative to the frame 8 on a support horizontal hinge 9 parallel to the supporting hinge 7.

The raising and lowering of the movable frame with the crossbar relative to the console and the tower is carried out by the drive mechanism 11.

To simplify the presentation and facilitate understanding, the drive mechanism 11 is conventionally shown in a variant version as a hydraulic one in the form of a hydraulic cylinder, while any other variants of mechanisms can be used as a drive - screw, rack, worm, lever, lever-and-rocker, linear actuators, etc.

The crossbar 10 in the lower part relative to the support hinge 9 contains a lower arm 12, and at the top a vertical axis 13.

The lower arm 12 is pivotally connected with the supporting console 6 using a rod 14 parallel to the longitudinal members of the frame 8, forming a parallelogram mechanism that ensures a plane-parallel lift of the axle 13.

A remotely controlled electric or hydraulic drive 15 is attached to the upper part of the crossbar.

A rotating turret 16 is mounted on axis 13, for example, by means of a gear engagement, kinematically connected to drive 15.

A horizontal hinge 17 is secured to the top of the turret platform 16, on which at least one support 18 is installed for laying and securing various weapons 19 on it.

The change in the angle of inclination of the fire from the weapon installed in the cradle and the firing mode from it (single, burst) is carried out using a remote drive 20, connected on one side to the turret platform 16, and on the other to the cradle 18.

As additional armament, the turret can be equipped with at least one small-caliber rapid-fire gun with a caliber of 20 to 30 millimeters.

It is possible to install machine guns of various calibers, recoilless missile guns or mobile small-caliber guided and unguided automatic grenade launchers, etc.

The angle of inclination of the firing from the weapon on the mounts in the turret raised above the tower can be changed in the range from -30 to +75 degrees to the horizon, and firing can be conducted in a circular range (360 degrees) regardless of both the mode and direction of movement of the system as a whole, and the mode and direction of firing from the main caliber gun.

The turret platform is equipped with remote video surveillance systems, target designation systems and compact 21 radars.

The 20 drive can be equipped with gyroscoped systems for automatic stabilization of the direction of fire.

The firepower of the system can be increased by installing additional weapons 22 on the longitudinal members of the frame 8 and the supporting structures of the console, and the additional weapons can have their own remote drive for the firing angle.

In Fig. 1, the horizontal supporting hinge 7 is installed behind the console 6. The raising and lowering of the turret 16 on the frame 8 occurs along an up-and-back trajectory.

On the one hand, such a scheme simplifies the requirements for the strength of the drive mechanism 11 of the frame 8, since the recoil during firing of the barrel weapon will be absorbed for the most part by the frame side members and the hinge 7.

On the other hand, shifting the axis of the horizontal hinge 9 of the traverse 10 back to the stern when it is raised will increase the vertical amplitude of the turret swing on the move when the system moves over rough terrain, which will worsen the ability to fire accurately, so it is possible to install a horizontal supporting hinge behind the turret in front of the supporting console.

At the rear of the tower 3, on the console 6 of Fig. 2, the horizontal supporting hinge 7 is located in front of the direction of travel directly behind the tower 3.

By means of a horizontal supporting hinge 7 with a console 6, the lower bracket connects the movable frame 8 with the longitudinal side members.

At the ends of the longitudinal side members of the opposite end of the frame 8, a crossbar 10 with a vertical axis 13, on which a turret 16 is mounted, is movably relative to the frame 8 on a support horizontal hinge 9.

Just as in the previously described case, the lower arm 12 of the crossbar 10 is connected to the base of the console 6 by rods 13 parallel to the longitudinal side members of the frame 8.

A distinctive feature of this design is the variant use of a lever-and-rocker mechanism for raising the turret.

In the longitudinal beams of the console 6 there are longitudinal guides of the window 23, inside the windows with the help of the drive mechanism 11 the link 24 moves.

The longitudinal members of the frame 8 are pivotally connected to the link 24 by support rods 25.

The link 24, under the influence of the drive mechanism 11, moves inside the longitudinal windows, with support rods 25, providing a plane-parallel rise and fall of the turret 16. In this case, the rise of the link is carried out along the trajectory upward and forward, approaching the transverse axis of symmetry of the hull. Such movement of the link improves the conditions for conducting aimed fire from the weapon installed on the turret.

In addition, the use of a lever-and-link mechanism reduces the requirement for the strength of the drive mechanisms, since most of the recoil force will be absorbed by the link 24.

In both described examples, the rods 13 were provided as rigid and of a given, unchangeable length.

It is possible to manufacture these rods 13 with a built-in corrector 26, providing additional remote control of the tilt of the entire turret 16. This can ensure an increase in the firing angle of almost 90 degrees.

Along the perimeter - the console, movable elements of the frame, the turret, - as well as the weapons installed on it, are protected by bulletproof armored elements 27.

In the transport position, frame 8 is lowered down (Fig. 3) and the entire mechanism, as well as most of the weapons installed on the mounts, are hidden behind the turret.

At the same time, the external dimensions of the entire system can be within the permissible transport dimensions. Due to minor modification of the tower by installing a frontally streamlined armored collar 20 on it, the protection of the NSU can be strengthened.

The use of single-lever mechanisms is characterized by its simplicity and lower cost of manufacture.

The fundamental disadvantage of such a design is the nonlinear nature of the movement along the radius of the axis 9 of the crossbar 10 and the limited height of the single-arm mechanism, determined by the length of the frame side members 8.

The NSU can consist of a multi-link lever mechanism for lifting the crossbeam.

Option: The NSU can consist of two interconnected parallelogram hinge mechanisms Fig. 4.

The cross-arm 10 with the arm 12, the system of rods and tractions forms the parallelogram mechanism ABVG, which is connected to the parallelogram mechanism VGED hingedly fixed on the tower 3 at the points DG. The actuator 11, by force action relative to the tower, ensures the lifting and lowering of the hinge B.

Due to the two-parallelogram suspension, a plane-parallel lift of the traverse 10 is ensured, while the maximum height of the turret above the tower will be determined by the sum of the lengths of the arms BV and AB, which significantly exceeds the height of the single-arm mechanism.

The combat capabilities of MARS can be enhanced by the so-called stationary GSU.

MARS, with the specified variants of the NSU, has a sufficiently high additional combat capability not only in frontal combat conditions, but also provides reliable autonomous all-round self-defense even in densely built-up, urbanized areas.

In this case, the assault capabilities of the main caliber gun are needed mainly to hit targets at the front and in a frontal duel. The assault capabilities of the system in the main caliber guns back to the front are highly questionable.

In connection with the proposed invention, the feasibility of creating a MARS with a circular rotation of the tower is not obvious.

The above makes it possible to create a MARS with an autonomous GSU that is not connected to the turret and is installed directly on the supporting armored hull behind the turret.

For this purpose, a vertical hinge 29 with a compensation device in the form of, in the kick version, a conventional spring 30 or a hydraulic or pneumatic support is installed on the hull 1 at the rear of the turret 3 with the main caliber gun 4 (Fig. 4).

A supporting console 6 is secured to the vertical axis 31 with any device for lifting additional weapons, described earlier, mounted on it.

In addition to the vertical hinge, quick-release fasteners 32 are installed on the armored hull 1, ensuring the specified positioning of the supporting console 6 on the hull 1 and its quick-release fastening.

The compensation device 30 is intended so that when the quick-release fasteners 32 are unfastened, the supporting console 6 comes out of rigid engagement with the hull and can be easily moved away from the hull on the vertical hinge 29, providing access to the stern from above and to the equipment located at the rear inside the hull for its maintenance, repair and removal if necessary.

In a variant design, the suspension of the NSU can be carried out on a longitudinal horizontal hinge, which ensures the lifting and lowering of the NSU to the right and up or to the left and up relative to the longitudinal axis of the body.

With this design, the turret rotation angle with the main caliber gun may not exceed 300 g radius; if necessary, the missing turret rotation angle can be compensated by turning the chassis.

With this design, the NSU can have all-round armor along the entire perimeter, as well as an armored rising umbrella on top. For this option, the NSU armament can be more powerful - for example, guns with a caliber of up to 57 mm - and more diverse, for example, heavy machine gun systems.

Thus, the proposed MARS concept has a new set of features that differ significantly from known solutions:

Firstly, because it is permanently mounted on the system's armor, which is located directly on the battlefield. This makes it possible to use it almost instantly both to enhance frontal fire and to protect the system itself in any direction from it, as well as to protect against ground and air threats.

Secondly, it provides the opportunity to quickly conduct combat operations against the enemy from closed positions without special training, using the landscape features and terrain configuration, as well as the presence and condition of buildings in urbanized areas for temporary camouflage and cover.

Taking into account modern mechanization and automation capabilities, control of the entire system's weapons during combat by a crew of three people can be quite effective, but perhaps an additional (fourth) crew member will be required to control a highly saturated NSU; however, this option seems more effective than involving additional mobile tank support systems with crews of three to five people.

Thirdly, with the actual height of a tank, for example the T-90 tank, 2230 mm and the use of a single-lever portal frame, the practical height of the weapon barrels and the observation means paired with them on the 18 beds can be within 4.5 meters from the ground. From such a height, not only the observation range is significantly improved, but also the detail of the target view, as well as the probability of their destruction.

In this case, there is no loss of time for the involvement and use of aircraft directly on the battlefield, as well as the detailed results of their observation in the immediate area of activity of a specific system in real time.

In this case, the visual detailing of the battle picture can be significantly improved by installing periscope observation systems 21 on the turret, which can be extended to a height significantly exceeding the height of the additional weapon barrels. In this case, the enemy in trenches, shelters, and depressions can be defeated using grenade launchers, mortars, or guided missile and flamethrower systems installed on the system.

Fourthly, when fighting in a defensive mode from closed, specially prepared positions, each specific system, due to additional weapons, reduces the risk of its own defeat due to its stationary position.

Fifthly, the need to use specialized armored support vehicles for tanks is eliminated, which, as a consequence, leads to a reduction in the need for additional personnel in combat by at least half.

Sixthly, fire support for accompanying infantry in combat is significantly increased, which can significantly accelerate the pace of the offensive while simultaneously reducing possible losses.

Thus, according to the scientific and technical information available to the author, the claimed set of features that obviously follows from the relevant level of technology has not been identified, which allows us to draw a conclusion about the selective level of the proposed invention.

The specified features are new, non-obvious, industrially applicable and ensure the achievement of the technical task set by the proposed invention.

Claims (1)

A mobile artillery and weapon system comprising an armoured hull with operator workstations mounted therein, a tracked chassis with a rotating turret mounted thereon, equipped with a main caliber gun, with a removable or non-removable mounted firing unit with additional armament mounted on the turret or on the hull at the rear along the movement, using a lateral vertical or lateral horizontal hinge and additional quick-release locking devices, and a removable or non-removable mounted firing unit with additional armament installed in the cradle of a rotating turret, ensuring the combat use of armament at a specified altitude using a lever-and-link mechanism with an elevation above the turret with circular rotation in the horizontal plane and with angles to the horizon from -30 to +75 degrees, wherein the mode, direction and altitude of fire from the additional armament are controlled remotely, regardless of the mode and direction of movement of the system and the direction and mode of fire from the main caliber gun, wherein the design and armament of the mount are protected by armoured elements.

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