RU2835354C1 - Machine for harvesting industrial hemp and method for harvesting industrial hemp - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: machine for harvesting industrial hemp comprises a harvester with auger (2), inclined chamber (3) with a conveyor, a threshing-separating device, a heap elevator, a hopper, an unloading auger, shearing-transporting adapter (4) with an output device located under the harvester with auger (2) on sub frame. In shearing-conveying adapter (4), the cutting part is made in the form of a segment-finger cutting device, and the conveying part is in the form of a transverse chain-finger conveyor with a baffle surface. Disclosed is a method for harvesting industrial hemp, in which the harvester and the threshing-separating device of the unit are respectively cutting panicles with seeds in the phase of complete ripening of seeds at a height of up to 2 meters from the soil surface and threshing the heap. Simultaneously with threshing of heap by segment-finger cutting device of shearing-transporting adapter (4), stems are cut in butt part, they are forcibly transported in a vertical position by a transverse chain-finger conveyor with a baffle surface of shearing-conveying adapter (4) and with the output device of shearing-transporting adapter (4) are rotated by 90 degrees and spread on stubble in a uniform belt for preparation of hemp straw. Then the hemp straw is picked up and pressed into rolls.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of the harvesting process by collecting seeds and stems in a short agrotechnical period, reduced costs for harvesting and obtaining peeled seeds, as well as high quality bast raw material for production of the most valuable long parallelized fibre (standardized scutched hemp of textile direction) and shives.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to methods and devices for harvesting industrial hemp, and can also be used for harvesting other tall-stemmed bast crops.

A method is known for harvesting crops of bast crops (USSR A.S. No. 1748721 A1, IPC A01D 91/04 (2006.01), published on 23.07.1992), which includes mowing hemp stems with their spreading in strips on a field for curing in a trust, sterilizing it with a solution that destroys pectin-decomposing microorganisms, lifting the trust from the tapes, while in order to preserve the quality of the fibrous part of the hemp trust during forced extended harvesting periods, after establishing the readiness of the hemp trust, the latter is sterilized by applying urea to the surface of the tapes.

The disadvantage of this method of harvesting bast crops is that the tape is spread out from whole stems 1.5 to 2.5 meters long. When spreading stems of different lengths, the uniformity of the tape is disrupted, the elongation of the stems increases, while the time for preparing the stock is delayed, and special technical means are needed to select the stock from such a tape, since the large width of the tape requires a large capture width of the harvesting machines, and the use of chemical solutions for sterilizing the stems negatively affects the ecological state of the environment.

A method for cultivating and harvesting agricultural hemp for seeds and uniform fiber-hemp is known (V.N. Perevoznikov, V.G. Filatov “Aspects of forming a complex of machines for cultivating, harvesting and primary processing of agricultural hemp”, published on 26.12.2019 https://bobruiskagromach.com/about/innovation-and-development/pkonoplia_2019_12_26/?ysclid=17sqc68mib439893400, prototype), which includes cutting off panicles with seeds in the phase of full seed ripening, usually with a grain combine at a height of up to 2 meters from the soil surface and threshing the heap. The uncut portion of the crop in the form of stems without leaves and inflorescences remains in the field from autumn to early spring, and during this period, the standing stock is prepared in environmental conditions. Harvesting of the stem stand in the form of standing stock begins in early spring by rolling with ribbed (water-filled) rollers to break the stems where they emerge from the soil and partially break them into pieces. After rolling, the stock is raked into high swaths by rotary rakes, which are re-rolled by rollers before picking up. The resulting stock from broken and tangled parts of the stems is picked up and pressed into rolls by balers.

The disadvantages of the known method of cultivating and harvesting agronomic hemp are as follows. The method does not provide for cutting the stems in the butt part, so the field is left with stems of varying height (up to 2 meters) without seed panicles, which does not allow autumn field work. The stems on the root are removed in the spring, and a chaotically scattered mass of stems of different lengths and orientations is formed, linked and tangled with each other, which significantly complicates their selection, pressing, unwinding of rolls and the performance of subsequent processing operations. Other disadvantages include the presence of additional operations (raking into windrows, double rolling) and a long harvesting period, moving from the fall of one year to the spring of the next.

A machine for harvesting hemp is known (Patent EP 3677110 A1, published 07/08/2020, A01D 45/06), operating on the rear three-point hitch of a tractor, consisting of an upper part that collects hemp flowers (panicles) and places them on a trailer, including a frame, a cutting bar, rotating drums (reel), a belt conveyor, and a lower part that collects stems and throws them onto the field, which contains a frame, a cutting bar without fingers, guide protrusions, a transverse conveyor with lifts and springs.

The disadvantages of the hemp harvesting machine are the difficulty of visualizing the harvesting process, since the unit is trailed, located behind the tractor and is not equipped with a video process control system. The unit does not thresh seed panicles, separate seeds and clean them. During the harvesting process, an additional power source with a trailer is required to collect cut panicles, and crop losses are possible during transportation to the trailer. There is also no discharge device for uniformly laying the cut stems into a tape, which are thrown onto the field and are located chaotically, which greatly complicates the implementation of further operations of preparing the trust, picking up, pressing, unwinding rolls, etc.

A multifunctional unit for harvesting industrial hemp for seeds and hemp is known (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2772915 C1 IPC A01D 45/00, A01D 41/12, A01D 34/63, prototype), containing a power unit, a header including a stripping device with an auger, an inclined chamber with a conveyor, a threshing and separating device, a heap elevator, a bunker, an unloading auger, a rotary-type header-mower located under the stripping device and behind it.

The disadvantages of the multifunctional unit for harvesting industrial hemp for seeds and bales are the winding of plant material on the rotating elements of the stripping device of the header when stripping the stems, and the cut stems of full technical length are placed in a swath, while it is difficult to pick up and press bales from stems of considerable length, in connection with which special technical means are required, since the large width of the swath requires a large width of the harvesting machines.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for harvesting industrial hemp and a unit for its implementation, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the harvesting process by collecting seeds and stems in a short agronomic time frame, while reducing harvesting costs and obtaining cleaned seeds, as well as high-quality bast raw materials for the production of the most valuable long parallelized fiber (standardized scutched hemp for textile purposes) and shives.

The technical result of solving the set problem consists in obtaining primarily cleaned seeds and a tape of laid stems of the same length for the production of scutched hemp, as well as hurds by ensuring the flow of the technological process of harvesting by cutting seed panicles, threshing the heap and primarily cleaning the seeds with simultaneous collection of stems and spreading them into a tape with the formation of a uniform layer for high-quality preparation of the hurd, eliminating additional operations and simplifying the selection, pressing, unwinding of rolls and further processing of the hurd.

The problem set in the invention is solved in that in the method for harvesting industrial hemp, including cutting panicles with seeds in the phase of full seed ripening at a height of up to 2 meters from the soil surface, threshing the heap, picking up the coarse stock and pressing it into rolls, simultaneously with threshing the heap, the stems are cut off in the butt part, forcibly transported in a vertical position, turned by 90 degrees and spread out on the stubble in a uniform tape for preparing the coarse stock, wherein the stems are laid in the tape parallel to each other and perpendicular to the direction of movement of the unit, and the coarse stock is prepared in a tape of stems laid parallel to each other, wherein the tape is wrapped, and the picking up and pressing of the finished coarse stock is performed from the tape in the autumn period and without using additional operations of raking into windrows and rolling.

Mowing the stems allows to speed up the start of the process of preparing the bast, and cutting the stems in the butt part ensures the preservation of the technical length of the stem, which contains the largest amount of bast fibers, and a high yield of fiber, as well as shives.

Forced transportation and spreading of stems into a tape with a 90-degree turn allows to form a uniform layer of stems, eliminate breaks and longitudinal displacement of stems relative to each other (stretching), obtain a solid tape corresponding to the width of the pick-up device, thereby simplifying the work of pick-up machines, wrappers, unwinders of rolls of bales and eliminating layer-forming machines from bales processing lines.

The preparation of a trust in a tape from stems laid parallel to each other allows for the intensification of the process with the wrapping of the tape, ensuring uniform maceration of the stems during the process of aging in the trust and improving the separation of the fibrous part of the stem from the woody part.

Wrapping the tape allows for the creation of favorable conditions for the preparation of the bast, speeding up the maturing process and improving the quality of the bast raw material, as well as ensuring the natural drying of the bast before its selection.

The selection and pressing of the hemp is carried out from a strip of stems in the autumn period and without the use of additional operations, which allows the process of harvesting industrial hemp to be completed within a short agronomic time frame and freeing up the field for subsequent agronomic operations (plowing, sowing winter crops, etc.).

The claimed method allows for reliable and efficient implementation of the technological process of harvesting industrial hemp, while obtaining cleaned seeds, as well as high-quality bast raw materials for the production of long parallelized fiber and shives.

The problem set in the invention is also solved in that the unit for implementing the method for harvesting industrial hemp, comprising a power means, a header with an auger, an inclined chamber with a conveyor, a threshing and separating device, a heap elevator, a bunker, an unloading auger, is equipped with a cutting and transporting adapter with an output device located under the header with an auger on a subframe, wherein the cutting part of the adapter is made in the form of a segment-finger cutting apparatus, and the transporting part is made in the form of a transverse chain-finger conveyor with a baffle surface.

Equipping the unit for implementing the method of harvesting industrial hemp with a cutting and transporting adapter located under the header with an auger allows cutting the stems in the butt part in one pass, while obtaining stems of the same length, ensuring the flow of the technological process of harvesting industrial hemp and high productivity of the unit.

Equipping the cutting and transporting adapter with a discharge device allows for forced transportation and spreading of stems into a uniform strip on the stubble parallel to each other and perpendicular to the direction of movement of the unit, while eliminating the influence of wind load on the spreading strip, as well as breaks and stretching of stems in the strip.

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings.

Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of the method for harvesting industrial hemp; Fig. 2 is a diagram of the unit for implementing the method for harvesting industrial hemp, left view; Fig. 3 is a diagram of the cutting-transport adapter, left view; Fig. 4 is the same, view A in Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a diagram of the method for harvesting using the unit.

The method of harvesting industrial hemp includes the following operations:

- cutting off panicles with seeds in the phase of full seed ripening at a height of up to 2 meters from the soil surface;

- threshing of the heap in the unit (carried out simultaneously with mowing of the stems) and primary cleaning of seeds;

- mowing of the stems in the butt part, forced transportation, turning by 90 degrees and spreading the stems in a strip parallel to each other and perpendicular to the direction of movement of the unit;

- preparation of trust in tape with wrapping, selection and pressing of finished trust from tape into rolls in autumn.

The claimed method for harvesting industrial hemp is carried out by a self-propelled unit containing a power unit 1, a header with an auger 2 installed on an inclined chamber 3 of the power unit 1, a cutting and transporting adapter 4, a threshing and separating device, a heap elevator, a bunker, and an unloading auger (not shown in the diagram). The cutting and transporting adapter 4 is installed under the header 2 on the subframe 5 by means of a quick-release connection and is connected to the hydraulic system of the power unit 1 using a hydraulic connector. The cutting-and-transporting adapter 4 has a movable frame 6 with a baffle surface 7 installed on it with slots for the passage of fingers of the transverse chain-and-finger conveyor 8, consisting of upper and lower rows and placed on the movable frame 6. The subframe 5 is a structure consisting of two half-frames connected to each other, on one side by hinges 9, and on the other by a large hydraulic cylinder 10, which allows the cutting-and-transporting adapter 4 to be transferred from the working position to the transport position. Under the transverse chain-and-finger conveyor 8, having a driving 11 and a driven 12 shaft, a cutting device 13 of a segment-and-finger type is placed, wherein the conveyor 8 and the cutting device 13 are connected to each other by a chain transmission and are driven by a hydraulic motor 14 connected to the hydraulic system of the power unit 1. The movable frame 6 has the ability to move in the vertical plane along the subframe 5 by means of a small hydraulic cylinder 15, which makes it possible to change the installation height of the cutting-and-transporting adapter 4 relative to the header 2 and the soil surface to adjust the cutting height of the stems. For forced laying of the cut stems in a belt, an output device 16 is installed on the movable frame 6. The cutting-and-transporting adapter 4 is equipped with dividers 17 for dividing the stem stand into strips and feeding the stems to the cutting device 13.

The unit for carrying out the method of harvesting industrial hemp operates as follows.

When the unit moves from the power unit 1 across the field, the panicles with seeds are cut by the header 2 and they are moved by the auger of the header 2 into the inclined chamber 3, then into the threshing and separating device for threshing the heap, separating the seeds and their primary cleaning. Simultaneously with the threshing of the heap, the stalks of industrial hemp, deprived of seed panicles and located on the root, are divided into strips by dividers 17, fed to the cutting device 13 of the cutting-transporting adapter 4, cut off in the butt part, after which they fall on the baffle surface 7 and, pressing against it, are forcibly moved by two rows of chain-finger conveyor 8 in a vertical position to the output device 16. From axial displacement, the stalks are held on the bar of the cutting device 13. With the help of the output device 16, the cut stalks are turned by 90 degrees and spread out in a uniform tape on the stubble parallel to each other and perpendicular to the direction of movement of the unit for further preparation of the straw in the tape.

During the process of preparing the trust, the tape is wrapped, after which the finished trust is collected and pressed into rolls in the autumn.

Thus, the unit for implementing the method of harvesting industrial hemp allows obtaining cleaned seeds, as well as high-quality bast raw materials for the production of long parallelized fiber and shives, while freeing the field from the remains of stems for autumn agricultural operations.

Claims (4)

1. A unit for harvesting industrial hemp, characterized in that it contains a header with an auger, an inclined chamber with a conveyor, a threshing and separating device, a heap elevator, a hopper, an unloading auger, a cutting and transporting adapter with an output device located under the header with an auger on a subframe, wherein in the cutting and transporting adapter the cutting part is made in the form of a segment-finger cutting apparatus, and the transporting part is made in the form of a transverse chain-finger conveyor with a baffle surface. 2. A method for harvesting industrial hemp, characterized in that the header and the threshing and separating device of the unit according to paragraph 1 respectively cut off panicles with seeds in the phase of full seed ripening at a height of up to 2 meters from the soil surface and thresh the heap, and simultaneously with threshing the heap, the stems are cut off in the butt part by the segment-finger cutting apparatus of the cutting-and-transporting adapter, they are forcibly transported in a vertical position by a transverse chain-finger conveyor with a shock surface of the cutting-and-transporting adapter and the output device of the cutting-and-transporting adapter, turned by 90 degrees and spread out on the stubble in a uniform belt to prepare the reed, then the reed is picked up and pressed into rolls. 3. The method according to paragraph 2, characterized in that the stems are laid in a tape parallel to each other and perpendicular to the direction of movement of the unit. 4. The method according to paragraph 2, characterized in that the preparation of the trust is carried out in a strip of stems laid parallel to each other, while the strip is wrapped, and the selection and pressing of the finished trust is carried out from the strip in the autumn period and without the use of additional operations of raking into windrows and rolling.

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