RU2834214C1 - Small-size spiral broadband antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: antenna equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to antenna engineering, namely to helical broadband antennas. Result is achieved by the fact that a spiral broadband antenna comprising a metal housing is provided, in which there is a resistance transformer with a connector, consisting of a screen with a flange, fixed to the metal housing by means of fastening screws, from a central core, on which a coaxial waveguide line is located, inserted into the screen with a flange, wherein one end of the resistance transformer with a connector is connected to the receiving-transmitting path, and its other end is connected to the antenna spiral through the inner diameter, characterized by that the antenna spiral is made in the form of a uniform Archimedean spiral located on a dielectric substrate installed in a metal housing and fixed by means of rivets, and inside the metal housing there is an absorber, wherein the uniform Archimedean spiral on the outer diameter is riveted to the outer conducting periphery of the metal housing.

EFFECT: high quality of the receiving signal by stability of amplitude-phase parameters in the operating frequency range of 4-18 GHz.

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Description

The invention relates to antenna technology, namely to helical antennas operating in the frequency range from 4 to 18 GHz as part of antenna systems for various purposes, in particular in detection, direction finding and tracking systems.

In modern radio engineering systems there are increased requirements for the broadband and miniature size of antenna systems.

The "Ultra-wideband helical antenna" is known (patent RU 2422954 C2, published 27.06.2011). The antenna is made in the form of a combined two-way helix placed on a dielectric plate. The antenna contains a matching symmetrical transformer and a metal reflector. When implementing the known invention, the operating ranges of the antenna are expanded to lower frequencies without increasing the overall dimensions. However, this solution cannot provide signal formation without distortion of the directional pattern by a small-sized design for its frequency range and stable operation in the entire range of 4-18 GHz, including stable operation at lower frequencies, the wavelengths of which are incommensurate with the dimensions of the antenna.

The prototype is a strip helical antenna published in the source "The Sinuous Antenna in Dual Polarized Configuration" ("Sinuous Antenna with Dual Polarized Configuration". Mohammad Vahdani. Low-profile, Ultra-Wideband and Dual Polarized Antennas and Feeding Systems. [Electronic resource], https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr), published on 18.06.2010. The antenna contains a metal case in which a transformer of impedances with a connector is located, consisting of a screen with a flange, and a central core, on which a coaxial-waveguide line is located, inserted into the screen with a flange. The disadvantage of the prototype is that the strip helical antenna does not provide signal formation without distortion of the radiation pattern of a small-sized design for its frequency range and stable operation in the entire range, including operation at lower frequencies, is not small-sized and broadband.

The technical problem in the claimed device is that known antennas do not provide the quality of the receiving signal in terms of stability of the amplitude-phase parameters for subsequent processing in the operating frequency range of 4-18 GHz, including stable operation at lower frequencies, wavelengths that are incommensurate with the dimensions of the antenna.

The technical result in the claimed invention consists in improving the quality of the receiving signal in terms of the stability of the amplitude-phase parameters in the operating frequency range of 4-18 GHz, including stable operation at lower frequencies, wavelengths incommensurate with the dimensions of the antenna.

In order to achieve the technical result, the small-sized spiral broadband antenna comprises a metal housing in which a resistance transformer with a connector is located, consisting of a screen with a flange, fixed to the metal housing using fastening screws, from a central core on which a coaxial-waveguide line is located, inserted into the screen with a flange, wherein one end of the resistance transformer with a connector is connected to the receiving-transmitting path, and the other end of the resistance transformer with a connector is connected to the antenna spiral through the inner diameter. Moreover, the antenna spiral is made in the form of a uniform Archimedean spiral located on a dielectric substrate installed in a metal housing and fixed with rivets, and an absorber is located inside the metal housing, wherein the uniform Archimedean spiral on the outer diameter is connected through rivets to the outer conductive periphery of the metal housing.

In addition, the metal body and dielectric substrate have technological holes for the possibility of installing the antenna on the carrier object.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Fig. 1 shows a small-sized broadband helical antenna with overall dimensions.

Fig. 2 shows a small-sized broadband helical antenna in section.

In Fig. 1-2 the following notations are introduced:

1. The antenna spiral is in the form of a uniform Archimedean spiral;

2. Dielectric substrate;

3. Metal body;

4. Rivets;

5. Technological holes;

6. Absorber;

7. Screen with flange of resistance transformer with connector;

8. Coaxial waveguide line of impedance transformer with connector;

9. Central core of the resistance transformer with connector;

10. Mounting screws;

11. External conductive periphery of metal housing 3;

12. Transmitting and receiving path.

The essence of the declared antenna

A spiral antenna may have several branches (leads) of the spiral. Depending on the ratio of the spiral diameter to the wavelength, the radiation pattern may be axial or conical. A uniform Archimedean spiral is characterized by a constant diameter of the spiral wire. If the leads are wound in different directions (right and left spirals), it becomes possible to control the polarization of the radiation by changing the amplitudes and phases of the currents exciting individual leads.

To achieve the technical result, the design of the small-sized broadband helical antenna included an antenna helix in the form of a uniform Archimedean spiral 1, located on a dielectric substrate 2, which is installed in a metal housing 3 and fixed with rivets 4.

One end of the resistance transformer with a connector is connected to the antenna spiral in the form of a uniform Archimedean spiral 1 through the inner diameter, the other end of the resistance transformer with a connector is connected to the receiving and transmitting path 12.

The resistance transformer with a connector consists of a screen with a flange 7, secured to a metal housing 3 using fastening screws 10, from a central core 9, on which a coaxial-waveguide line 8 is located, inserted into the screen with a flange 7.

A uniform Archimedean spiral on the outer diameter is connected via rivets 4 to the outer conductive periphery 11 of the metal housing 3, and an absorber 6 is also located in the inner part of the metal housing 3, while in the metal housing 3 and in the dielectric substrate 2 there are technological openings 5 for the possibility of installing the antenna on the carrier object.

In a resistive transformer with a connector: a screen with a flange provides grounding, a central core provides passage of the main signal, a coaxial waveguide line provides insulation of the central core from the screen with a flange.

The receiving and transmitting path is intended for receiving (transmitting) the main signal to (from) it, and the antenna spiral, fed by a resistance transformer with a connector, is intended for receiving (transmitting) the main signal to (from) it from the surrounding space (or to the surrounding space).

Absorber layers with a strictly defined value of dielectric constant ε are intended to equalize the electrodynamic characteristics and parameters of the antenna in the entire frequency range from 4 GHz to 18 GHz, where the lower frequency of 4 GHz is limited by the diameter of the antenna spiral.

The antenna is grounded by connecting a uniform Archimedean spiral with an external diameter through rivets to the external conductive periphery of the metal body.

This ensures the formation of a signal without distortion of the directional pattern by a small-sized design for its frequency range and stable operation in the entire frequency range from 4 GHz to 18 GHz, including stable operation at lower frequencies of wavelengths that are incommensurate with the antenna size, ensuring broadband (frequency range overlap is 18:4=4.5) and small size.

The small-sized broadband helical antenna provides signal formation without distortion of the directional pattern of a small-sized design for its frequency range and stable operation in the entire frequency range from 4 to 18 GHz, including stable operation at lower frequencies, incommensurate with the dimensions of the antenna, broadband and small size.

Claims (2)

1. A small-sized spiral broadband antenna comprising a metal housing in which a resistance transformer with a connector is located, consisting of a screen with a flange secured to the metal housing using fastening screws, from a central core on which a coaxial waveguide line is located, inserted into the screen with a flange, wherein one end of the resistance transformer with a connector is connected to the receiving and transmitting path, and the other end of the resistance transformer with a connector is connected to the antenna spiral through an internal diameter, characterized in that the antenna spiral is made in the form of a uniform Archimedean spiral located on a dielectric substrate installed in a metal housing and fixed with rivets, and an absorber is located inside the metal housing, wherein the uniform Archimedean spiral on the external diameter is connected through rivets to the external conductive periphery of the metal housing. 2. An antenna according to item 1, characterized in that the metal housing and the dielectric substrate have technological openings to enable the installation of the antenna on the carrier object.