RU2833871C1 - Flywheel engine coil winding method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used for winding of coils of flywheel engines of spacecraft orientation systems. When winding the winding, the winding tooling is installed on the working surface vertically and the turns of the triangle-shaped coil are wound along geodesic lines of the tooling. Winding of the coil turns is continuous and is carried out in such a way that on the coil winding the turns must be equal, symmetrical and arranged in series. Coil turns are wound in two stages with formation of two windings, in which horizontal components of magnetic field are co-directed, and vertical components of magnetic field are oppositely directed. First, first winding of phase is wound, and then second winding of phase with reversible direction of winding turns is made in antiphase without breaking winding wire.

EFFECT: levelling of vertical (axial) component of magnetic field of engine-flywheel coil.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely to methods of winding the coils of electric motors and can be used for flywheel motors of spacecraft orientation systems.

How exactly the coil is wound in the rotors and stators of electric motors or generators is important for the efficient operation of the equipment. The winding of the coil affects the density of the magnetic field created inside the motor or generator. A denser winding provides a stronger magnetic field. Also, the number of turns of wire in the coil and the material from which the wire is made determine the resistance of the coil.

In the known level of technology, there are different types of windings. For example, in some electric machines of direct and alternating current, the following are used: loose, template (sectional) and rod windings, which differ from each other in design and manufacturing technology. Accordingly, the winding itself can also be carried out in different ways. For example, the turns can have different geometric shapes, be located in the form of a rhombus and a rectangle, or in the form of a triangle.

Thus, patent CN110492647A is known (published on 22.11.2019, IPC H02K3/28; H02K3/47; H02K3/50), which discloses a winding that is formed by connecting at least two sets of external and internal windings that are wound with single-core wires, thanks to various methods of connecting the external and internal windings and various design forms of the external and internal windings, wherein the embedded external and internal windings are the same or similar to the phase of the reverse electromotive force and are equal to or close to the amplitude of the reverse electromotive force.

From source CN102780337A (published 14.11.2012, H02K15/08) a twelve-slot ten-pole three-phase brushless DC motor and a method for winding its stator are known. The method includes the following operations: providing a stator with twelve toothed grooves and a rotor with ten magnetic poles, so that the arc surfaces of the tail ends of the toothed grooves of the stator are concentric with the arc surfaces of the inner surfaces of the magnetic poles; a three-phase winding of the coil, winding a section of wire in the coil of a single-phase winding onto a toothed groove corresponding to the starting point of the winding, clockwise, starting from the starting point of the winding, winding several turns, bringing the turns to the fifth toothed groove in the direction from back to front, winding several turns again, and finishing at the winding end point corresponding to the starting point of the winding; winding another section of wire in the coil on the sixth toothed groove in the direction from back to front clockwise, starting from the winding end point, winding several turns, leading the turns to the eleventh toothed groove in the direction from back to front, winding several turns and ending at the winding start point; and finally winding an additional two-phase coil according to the mode. In this way, the phenomenon of reverse winding can be avoided and the requirements for the winding equipment can be reduced, which makes the winding equipment simple and convenient to manufacture.

Also in the prior art, source CN102063999A (published 18.05.2011, H02K15/08) was found, which proposes a symmetrical-parallel induction coil used in electromagnetic equipment. The method of winding the coil includes the following operations: symmetrical winding of two wires from central points along the magnetic circuit to form two symmetrical coils; parallel connection of two symmetrical coils to form a symmetrical parallel coil. The coil can be used in an inductor, transformer, motor or generator. The advantages of the symmetrical-parallel induction coil are a decrease in the magnetization current, a decrease in resistance losses, an increase in efficiency, a decrease in the volume of machine parts, a decrease in temperature, etc.

The closest source is US 2019013713 A1 (published 10.01.2019, H 02K 15/04), which discloses a method for winding a stator assembly for a three-phase dynamoelectric machine, wherein the stator assembly includes a non-segmented stator core including a stator yoke, a plurality of teeth extending from the stator yoke to a central opening, and a plurality of coil parts electrically connected in a delta winding pattern. Wherein the plurality of coil parts include a first coil part and a second coil part, wherein the method includes winding a wire around a first of a plurality of teeth to form a first coil part around the first of a plurality of teeth and winding a wire around a second of a plurality of teeth to form a second coil part around the second of a plurality of teeth so that the first coil part, the connecting part, and the second coil part are defined by a continuous length of wire.

In the space industry, the use of flywheel motors for spacecraft orientation systems has become widespread. These devices are based on a controlled torque contactless DC motor. They are used in space technology to control the orientation and stabilization of spacecraft, as well as for maneuvering in orbit, i.e. they can be used as an actuator for the orientation and stabilization systems of medium and small spacecraft (SC) with a long service life. Flywheel motors are highly efficient and reliable, as well as capable of long-term energy storage, which makes them attractive for use in space missions.

The functions of the flywheel mass are performed by a rotor with permanent magnets located on the maximum possible diameter; braking moments are reduced as much as possible in flywheel motors. The electric motor ensures the reversible rotation of the flywheel rotor, its braking, and the magnitude of the rotating (control) moment created by it can smoothly change in a given range in accordance with the control signal supplied to the input of the flywheel motor.

Flywheel motors have a built-in rotor position sensor. This sensor is designed to read information about the angular position of the rotor, used to switch the motor phases. Information about the angular velocity of the rotor is a sequence of pulses, the frequency of which is proportional to the speed.

However, the problem of the occurrence of a parasitic axially directed magnetic field was experimentally revealed, which introduced disturbances into the positioning sensors of the rotor of the brushless motor. This problem affected the efficiency and accuracy of the device.

The existing solutions in this area do not eliminate the problem of the occurrence of a parasitic vertical component of the magnetic field for a flywheel motor.

The objective of the present invention is to create a method for winding a flywheel motor coil that would eliminate the occurrence of distortions on positioning sensors.

The technical result, the implementation of which is aimed at by the proposed invention, consists in leveling the vertical (axial) component of the magnetic field of the flywheel motor coil.

The essence of the claimed invention is that in order to level the vertical component of the magnetic field created by the coil, the winding equipment is installed vertically on the working surface and the coil turns are wound in 2 stages to form two windings in which the horizontal components of the magnetic field are co-directed and the vertical components of the magnetic field are oppositely directed. First, the first phase winding is wound, then the second phase winding is wound in antiphase to it, without breaking the winding wire, with the winding turns in a reversible direction.

The winding of the coil is continuous and is carried out in such a way that the turns on the scan must be equal, symmetrical and arranged sequentially. The turns are arranged in the form of a triangle, and the winding is carried out along the geodetic lines of the equipment. This form of turns allows maintaining the uniformity of the winding, unlike the form of arrangement in the form of a rectangle. The advantage of this particular form is also expressed in the fact that the arrangement of turns, for example in the form of a rhombus, significantly complicates the design of the equipment for winding, and also reduces the area of the turn, compared to a triangle.

Implementation of the invention

The essence of the invention is explained by the following materials:

Fig. 1 - Development of the diagonal winding of the coil;

Fig. 2 - Arrangement of turns on the winding equipment;

Fig. 3 - Visualization of the location of the turn on the winding equipment;

Fig. 4 - Circuit diagram of windings for leveling the axial component of the magnetic field.

Continuous winding of the coil is done in such a way that on the scan the turns should be equal, symmetrical and arranged sequentially. One of the variants of the arrangement of turns is a triangle. An example is shown in Figure 1.

The options for arranging the turns in the form of a rhombus and a rectangle were considered, however, the shape of a triangle, unlike a rectangle, allows maintaining the uniformity of the winding, which is necessary for sinusoidal reverse EMF. The arrangement of the turns in the form of a rhombus significantly complicates the design of the winding equipment, and also reduces the area of the turn compared to a triangle.

Winding of the triangle-shaped turns is performed along the geodetic lines of the equipment. Since the magnetic flux created by the coil depends on the area of the turn and the number of turns, then, taking into account the need to obtain sinusoidal reverse EMF, it was decided to use diagonal winding with the arrangement of turns along the geodetic lines of the equipment. Thus, we obtain the maximum magnetic flux through the turns, and therefore increase the torque produced by the engine.

When testing coils of this type, a typical problem is the presence of a parasitic vertical component of the magnetic field. This interference has a significant effect on the magnetic field sensors, which determine the angle of rotation of the motor rotor. This problem is caused by the specifics of winding the turns in the form of a triangle. This problem is absent in the winding of the "diamond" type, but for solving a certain type of problem, the winding of the "triangle" type is the ideal option.

The parasitic vertical component can be reduced by increasing the winding height or decreasing the coil radius, but it is impossible to completely eliminate it by changing the geometric characteristics of the coil. In addition, for the purposes of creating spacecraft flywheel engines, it is most advantageous to make the coil as small as possible and increase the coil radius, since this type of design allows minimizing the mass of flywheel engines, which is most critical for the space industry, and such a technical solution leads to an increase in parasitic interference.

A solution was found that allows to completely get rid of the parasitic vertical component for the "triangle" winding for any coil geometry.

To level the vertical component of the magnetic field created by the coil, the winding (phase) of the coil is wound in 2 stages.

First, the first phase winding is wound, and then, in antiphase to it, without breaking the winding wire, the second phase winding is wound with the reverse direction of winding of the turns.

Thus, we obtain two windings in which the horizontal (radial) components of the created field are co-directed, and the vertical (axial) ones are oppositely directed.

In addition, since the magnetic flux created by the coil depends on the area of the turn and the number of turns, then, taking into account the need to obtain sinusoidal reverse EMF, it was decided to use a winding of the coil turns in the shape of a triangle with the arrangement of the turns along the geodetic lines of the equipment, and on the coil winding scan the turns should be equal, symmetrical and arranged sequentially.

In this way we obtain the maximum magnetic flux through the turns and, accordingly, mutual compensation of the axial components of the magnetic field occurs.

Example of implementation of the invention.

1. Install the winding equipment vertically on the work surface.

2. Winding of the triangle-shaped turns is carried out along the geodetic lines of the equipment.

3. First, wind the first phase winding.

4. Then, in antiphase of the first winding, without breaking the winding wire, wind the second winding of the phase with the reverse direction of winding of the turns.

As a result, we have a leveling of the vertical (axial) component of the magnetic field of the flywheel motor coil due to the fact that two windings are formed with a maximum magnetic flux through the turns, in which the horizontal components of the created field are co-directed, and the vertical components of the field are oppositely directed.

Claims (1)

A method for winding a flywheel engine coil, characterized by the fact that the winding equipment is installed vertically on the working surface, winding the turns of the coil in the shape of a triangle along the geodetic lines of the equipment, and the winding of the coil turns is continuous and is carried out in such a way that on the coil winding scan the turns must be equal, symmetrical and located sequentially, while the coil turns are wound in two stages with the formation of two windings in which the horizontal components of the magnetic field are co-directed, and the vertical components of the magnetic field are oppositely directed, and first the first winding of the phase is wound, and then in antiphase to it, without breaking the winding wire, the second winding of the phase is wound with a reversible direction of the winding turns.