RU2833673C1 - Set of structural elements, structure of such elements for fast erection of fortifications, rooms and shelters and method of erecting such structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction; means of defence.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates mainly to the field of construction and to the field of prefabricated collapsible military field fortifications of residential and non-residential structures, intended for protection against damaging effects of camouflage and shelter from unfavourable weather conditions of personnel, equipment and property in areas of combat operations and occurrence of emergency situations. Essence of the group of inventions consists in creation of a set of structural elements. Disclosed set of structural elements, design and method of erection of such structure provide technical result, which consists in creation of quick-erect structure of required shape and size from similar structural elements. Structural elements are interchangeable; selection of materials from which the elements are made is not limited; loading, transportation and unloading of structural elements is simple and does not require special equipment.

EFFECT: invention enables to assemble the structure without using tools and special equipment; the structure can be erected both on prepared and unprepared area.

12 cl, 19 dwg

Description

The invention relates primarily to the field of construction and to the field of quickly erected prefabricated and collapsible military field fortification residential and non-residential structures intended for protection from damaging effects, camouflage and shelter from adverse weather conditions of personnel, equipment and property in areas of combat operations and emergency situations.

The utility model "ASSEMBLEABLE AND DISASSEMBLEABLE TRANSFORMABLE DUNG" is known (RU Patent for Utility Model No. 212507, Published July 26, 2022, Bulletin No. 21). The prefabricated and disassemblable transformable units are made detachable, assembled from wall panels and connected by means of hinges with the elements of the roof and floor, having protruding limiting strips, built-in locking and locking mechanisms in the form of latches with handles and limiters, located on one side of the roof and floor panels, and corresponding coaxial built-in cylindrical openings with guide openings in the opposite joined elements of the roof, floor and wall, wherein control cables for forced opening of the latches are passed through the elements of the roof on one side, the hinges of the elements of the roof panels are fixed at a distance of 1/2 of the hinge diameter below the line of the upper end of the wall panels, the hinges of the elements of the floor panels are attached to the wall panels above the bottom of its end at a distance of at least two wall panel thicknesses, the side ends of the wall panels are equipped with quick-release docking locks. The disadvantage of the utility model is the complexity of the design and the complexity of the manufacturing technology of the design elements, the impossibility of assembly without special tools and equipment.

The invention "FIELD PREFABRICATED AND DISASSEMBLE FORTIFICATION STRUCTURE" is known (RU Patent for Invention No. 2526076, Published on 20.08.2014, Bulletin No. 23). The invention relates to field fortification structures erected during engineering equipment of defensive positions and troop concentration areas. The technical result is the creation of an industrially manufactured prefabricated and disassemblable structure consisting of a limited set of identical elements that are compactly transported and quickly assembled manually. The field prefabricated and disassemblable fortification structure contains walls and a covering made of panels and is covered with soil. The structure is made as a collapsible structure from identical flat wall panels and identical bent roof panels, all panels are fastened together end-to-end, and all panels along their periphery have evenly spaced embedded parts with threaded holes, into which bolts are screwed through the connecting elements of the panels, the top of the entire structure under the soil backfill is covered with a durable waterproofing coating, and wall panels with built-in openings with doors are used for the entrances to the structure and for the partitions of the structure. The disadvantage is the relative complexity of the design due to the number of types of elements used in assembling the structure according to the invention.

The utility model "UNIVERSAL ARMORED FIRE STRUCTURE" is known (RU Patent for Utility Model No. 154893, Published 10.09.2015, Bulletin No. 25). A universal armored fire structure comprising a base, armored cellular panels, panels with loopholes, panels with translucent armor and elements of a slope and a horizontal part of a roof, characterized in that it comprises a roof frame with protruding loops, vertical armor posts with figured cutouts, with a mushroom-shaped protrusion in the lower end part and with a mounting hole in the upper end part, the armored cellular panels, panels with loopholes and panels with translucent armor are made portable with protruding mushroom-shaped fastening elements, coupled with the figured cutouts of the vertical armor posts, the base of the structure is made of one pair of longitudinal and one pair of transverse hollow beams with mounting holes, coupled with the lower end protruding mushroom-shaped elements of the vertical armor posts, the elements of the slope and horizontal part of the roof are made portable panels with rods protruding inward, coupled with holes of the roof frame hinges. The disadvantage is the relative complexity of the design due to the number of types of elements.

The utility model "MOBILE FRAME-TENT SHELTER MADE OF POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIAL" is known (RU Patent for Utility Model No. 177098, Published on 08.02.2018, Bulletin No. 4). The mobile frame-tent shelter made of polymer composite material proposed as a utility model differs from existing protective structures of the frame-fabric type in that the supporting frame of the shelter and the steepness clothing are made of polymer composite material, due to which an increase in the bearing capacity, corrosion and climatic resistance of the shelter structure is achieved while maintaining a relatively low weight, simplicity and ease of construction. The bearing capacity and strength of the supporting frame provided by the proposed technical solution allows using the shelter for its intended purpose in conditions of air blast waves and other conventional damaging factors associated with military operations. The technical result achieved by the utility model provides an advantage in mobility over protective structures of other types and designs with similar or close protective properties. For ease of construction, the proposed mobile frame-tent shelter is equipped with a rigid template for multiple use for marking on the ground the locations of the supports and racks of the shelter frame. The disadvantage is the relative complexity of the design and the difficulty in assembling the structure, which, in particular, consists in the need to deepen the ground supports.

The closest analogue of the method for constructing fortification structures is the invention "Prefabricated and Dismountable Protective Structure and Its Block" (RU Patent for Invention No. 2655132, Published on 23.05.2018, Bulletin No. 15). The invention relates to the military-defense industry, in particular to defensive structures designed to protect military personnel, for example, at a checkpoint. The prefabricated and dismountable protective structure contains tongue-and-groove blocks with blind threaded holes, mated with each other without forming through holes, and connected to each other by metal plates provided with holes by screwing fasteners into the holes of the blocks. A block for the prefabricated and dismountable protective structure is also described. The prefabricated and dismountable protective structure provides reliable protection against bullets, small-caliber projectiles and shell fragments, since has no through holes. The process of assembling the protective structure is carried out as follows. The blocks are delivered to the place of assembling the protective structure and are connected to each other by placing the ridges of the blocks in the corresponding grooves of the adjacent blocks without forming holes (gaps) between them. The blocks are connected to each other with plates. Blocks used in corner joints have a groove into which the ridge of another block is inserted. When using corner blocks, their ridges are placed in the groove of the adjacent block. The disadvantage is the design of the blocks, which includes a concrete block, significantly increasing the mass of the block, which entails complication of logistics and slowdown of the assembly process.

The closest analogue of the design is the utility model "Sectional covered gap made of composite materials" (RU Patent for Utility Model No. 214730, Published on 11.11.2022, Bulletin No. 32). The utility model is the most widespread shelter for personnel, providing protection from the damaging factors of a nuclear explosion and conventional weapons. A sectional covered gap made of composite materials belongs to open-type military fortification structures for the protection of personnel in positions and areas where troops are located. It provides protection for personnel from weapons of destruction, shelter from the cold and bad weather, and the necessary conditions for rest in a combat situation. The disadvantage of the utility model is that the design does not allow for the construction of spacious rooms, including those sufficient for sheltering equipment; it does not allow changing the angle of the upper part of the structures, and thereby creating a pitched roof; does not have cavities between the elements that form the walls and roof to create additional protection and thermal insulation, while there is no possibility of filling such cavities with various materials to give the structure additional specified properties. An additional disadvantage of the utility model is the limitation in the choice of material for the manufacture of structural elements.

The technical problem solved by the proposed set of structural elements consists of expanding the arsenal of easily transportable technical means necessary for the rapid construction of prefabricated structures of the required shape and size and intended for protection from damaging effects, camouflage and shelter from adverse weather conditions of personnel, equipment and property in areas of combat operations and emergency situations, in particular in the form of protective camouflage screens.

The technical problem solved by the proposed design consists of expanding the arsenal of easily transportable, quickly erected, collapsible structures of the required shape and size and intended for protection from damaging effects, camouflage and shelter from adverse weather conditions of personnel, equipment and property in areas of combat operations and emergency situations, in particular in the form of protective camouflage screens.

The technical problem solved by the proposed method of constructing the structure consists in simplifying and accelerating the construction of prefabricated structures of the required shape and size and intended for protection from damaging effects, camouflage and shelter from adverse weather conditions of personnel, equipment and property in areas of combat operations and emergency situations, in particular in the form of protective camouflage screens.

The technical result achieved by the proposed set of structural elements consists in the creation of such a set of elements that allows for the rapid construction of structures of the required shape and size without the use of tools and special equipment, while: the elements are interchangeable; the choice of materials from which such a set is made is not limited; loading, transportation and unloading of such elements is simple and does not require special equipment.

The technical result achieved by the proposed design consists in creating a simple, quickly erected structure of the required shape and size from identical structural elements made of various materials without the use of tools or special equipment, and does not require complex logistics or highly qualified personnel.

The technical result achieved by the proposed method of erecting a structure consists in reducing the time and labor costs in erecting prefabricated structures of the required shape and size and intended for protection from damaging effects, camouflage and shelter from adverse weather conditions of personnel, equipment and property in areas of combat operations and emergency situations, in particular in the form of protective camouflage screens, while there is no need to use special equipment or tools, and the structure itself can be erected both on prepared and unprepared terrain.

The proposed group of inventions is illustrated by the following figures, where:

Fig. 1 – rib, top view;

Fig. 2 – sheet element, top view;

Fig. 3 – sheet element tenon;

Fig. 4 – connection of a rib and two sheet elements, side view;

Fig. 5 – ribs forming a straight angle;

Fig. 6 – ribs forming a right angle;

Fig. 7 – ribs forming an obtuse angle;

Fig. 8 – several rows consisting of connected ribs and sheet elements, general view;

Fig. 9 – a design with two right angles (left) and a design without angles (right), front view;

Fig. 10 – Three-angle design (left) and one-angle design (right), front view;

Fig. 11 – one rib connected to one sheet element, general view;

Fig. 12 – two ribs connected to two sheet elements, general view;

Fig. 13 – painted rib with three parallel rows of grooves;

Fig. 14 – painted sheet element with four spikes;

Fig. 15 – Three-angle design (left) and one-angle design (right) with dimensions, front view;

Fig. 16 – Three-angle design (left) and one-angle design (right) with dimensions, top view;

Fig. 17 – design with two corners (left) and design without corners (right) with dimensions, front view;

Fig. 18 – a structure with two corners (left) and a structure without corners (right) with dimensions, top view;

Fig. 19 – layout of the connection of several edges with several sheet elements.

The following positions are indicated on the figures:

1 – rib;

2a – right angle of the edge;

2b – acute edge angle;

2c – obtuse edge angle;

3 – rib grooves in parallel rows of grooves;

3a – grooves at the end of the rib with right angles;

3b – grooves at the end of the rib with non-straight angles;

4 – sheet element;

5 – sheet element spikes;

6 – hole in the tenon of the sheet element;

7 – double angle design;

8 – construction without corners;

9 – three-angle design;

10 – single angle design;

a – length of the rib groove;

b – rib groove width;

c – width of the sheet element tenon;

d – thickness of the sheet element tenon;

Disclosure of the essence of a technical solution related to a set of structural elements.

The set of structural elements includes two types of elements: a rib, a sheet element (hereinafter referred to as LE). Rib 1 is a product made of sheet material, having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid. The rib has two right angles 2a, one acute angle 2b and one obtuse angle 2c. The rib has grooves 3, which are through holes (Fig. 1), where a is the length of the groove, b is the width of the groove.

Rib 1 may have one or more parallel rows of grooves 3. Rib 1 has grooves 3a and 3b for creating an angular connection. At the end of rib 1 with right angles 2a, additional grooves 3a are located perpendicular to the length of rib 1, thereby providing the possibility of connecting such an end of rib 1 with another rib at a right angle. At the end of rib 1 with non-right angles 2b, 2c, grooves 3b are located parallel to the oblique end edge of the rib. Grooves 3b at the end of the rib with non-right angles 2b, 2c and the oblique end edge of rib 1 provide the possibility of connecting such an end of the rib with another rib at a non-right angle.

The length and width of the rib are limited by the standard dimensions of the sheet materials from which the element is made,

The thickness of the rib is limited by the typical thicknesses of the sheet materials from which the element is made, and can be calculated based on the required rigidity and other characteristics of the element.

The rib can be made from any sheet material that provides the required strength and rigidity.

The number of grooves 3 in one row parallel to the length of the rib is at least one. The number of parallel rows of grooves is at least one.

The length a of the grooves of the 3rd rib is equal to the width c of the tenons of the LE (Fig. 3). The width b of the grooves of the 3rd rib is equal to twice the thickness d of the tenons of the 5th LE.

Sheet element 4 (Fig. 2) is a product made of sheet material, having a rectangular shape. On two opposite edges of the LE there are tenons 5, located in pairs opposite each other. On one edge of the LE there may be at least 2 tenons.

The tenon is made as a single piece, but if necessary it can have at least one through hole 6 and can be made with beveled corners (Fig. 3).

The sides of the LE can be either unequal, in which case the LE has a rectangular shape, or equal, in which case the LE has a square shape.

The length and width of the LE are limited by the standard dimensions of the available sheet materials from which the element is made.

The thickness of the LE is limited by the typical thicknesses of the available sheet materials from which the element is made, and can be calculated based on the required rigidity and other characteristics of the element.

The distances between the grooves in the rib and between the tenons of the LE, as well as the dimensions of the grooves and tenons, are selected in such a way that the tenons 5 of the LE fit into the grooves 3 of the ribs (Fig. 4). In this case, the grooves of the ribs have such a width b as to ensure the possibility of two tenons 5 being simultaneously in one groove 3 - one tenon from two LEs on opposite sides of the rib. In this case, the tenons of the two LEs overlap each other and pass through the groove of the rib, thus creating a tight, strong connection. The structural elements may not be processed or painted, they may be processed with impregnating compounds (in cases where the material of the elements is absorbent) and/or they may be painted.

Disclosure of the essence of the technical solution related to the design.

The structure is a prefabricated and disassembled object assembled from a set of structural elements, namely ribs and LE. The structural elements are connected to each other by means of LE tenons and rib grooves, forming a repeating structure. The ribs are arranged one after another, alternately touching the ends with right angles and the ends with non-right angles, and thus form a structure in which one or more ribs can be located (Fig. 5-7).

The ribs may be in contact with their ends having right angles so as to form a right angle (Fig. 6); or with their ends having non-right angles so as to form an angle other than a right or straight angle (Fig. 7). In the structures consisting of one or more ribs arranged one after another, namely, tenons (LE) are inserted into the grooves of the ribs. The number of ribs and LE is selected so that the elements create a single structure (Fig. 8), wherein such a structure may have no angles (Fig. 9, pos. 8) or have one (Fig. 10, pos. 10) or several angles (Fig. 9, pos. 7; Fig. 10, pos. 9). The number of structures of ribs connected by LE and the number of angles of the structure are not limited. Each angle created by the ends of the ribs with oblique angles, other than the straight one, is determined by the values of angles 2b and 2c (Fig. 1) and is from 20 to 179 degrees. The structure can consist of LE and ribs with one row of grooves, in which case no voids are formed in the structure (Fig. 11). The structure can consist of LE and ribs with two or more parallel rows of grooves, in which case the structure has two or more rows of LE, respectively, and voids are formed between them, for example between two rows (Fig. 12), three rows (Fig. 13). Such voids in the assembled structure may be unfilled or may be filled with materials. Any materials can be selected for filling, in particular bulk materials - soil, sand, crushed stone, expanded clay, sand and gravel mix, etc.; sheet materials - wood boards, foam plastic, stone wool slabs, etc. filling – cement mortar, concrete mortar, resins, polyurethane foam, etc.; construction – reinforcement; logs, bricks, lumber, etc.; others.

To make the structure more rigid, the ribs in the structure can be superimposed plane on plane so that their grooves, angles and orientation in space coincide, thus forming a row of ribs, thickened two or more times depending on how many ribs were superimposed on each other. When connecting such a structure with LE, the LE tenon will pass through two or more grooves in a row at once depending on the selected number of ribs superimposed on each other.

Disclosure of the essence of the technical solution related to the method of constructing the structure.

The method consists of sequentially connecting structural elements by means of rib grooves and LE tenons. The ribs and LE are made in such a way that the LE tenons fit into the rib grooves.

In the manufacture of ribs 1, the dimensions of the ribs, their shape, the distance between the grooves 3 located along the rib, the distance between parallel rows of grooves, the number of parallel rows of grooves, the number of grooves 3 in parallel rows, the number of grooves 3a and 3b at the ends, the dimensions of the grooves a and b, the values of the oblique angles 2b and 2c are selected and the number of ribs necessary for erecting the structure is calculated; and in the manufacture of LE 4, the dimensions of the LE, their shape, the distance between the tenons on one edge, the number of tenons 5 on one edge, the dimensions of the tenons c and d are selected and the number of LE necessary for erecting the structure is calculated in such a way as to erect a structure of a given size and shape.

The method of erecting a structure includes connecting ribs with LE, wherein the ribs touch each other with their ends, and the tenons of the LE are inserted into the grooves of the ribs. The tenons of one LE located on one edge can be inserted into the grooves of either one rib or several ribs at once. The next row of ribs is installed on the free tenons of the other edge of the LE. In this way, a repeating structure is configured a given number of times to obtain a structure or a fragment thereof. The next row of ribs can be attached to the free ends of the ribs of such a structure, wherein an angle different from the straight angle is created between the already assembled structure and the new row. To create a right angle of the structure, the end of the rib of the new row with right angles is attached to the end of the rib with right angles of the assembled structure under the right angle. To create an obtuse or acute angle, the end of the rib of the new row with non-rectangular angles is attached to the end of the rib with non-rectangular angles of the assembled structure under the given angle. Next, the LE is connected to the attached rib of the new row, and the construction continues. In this way, a structure with specified dimensions and shapes is erected. To make the structure more rigid, the ribs are superimposed on each other plane by plane so that their grooves, angles and orientation in space coincide, thus forming a row of ribs, thickened by two or more times depending on how many ribs are superimposed on each other. When connecting such a structure with the LE, the LE tenon is passed through two or more grooves in a row at once depending on the selected number of ribs superimposed on each other.

Implementation of the invention, examples

1. Examples of the implementation of a technical solution related to a set of structural elements

Example 1-1. A set of structural elements consisting of ribs and LE. The rib (Fig. 13) is made of chipboard, has a long side length of 1151, a side opposite it length of 1011 mm, a width of 320 mm, a thickness of 10 mm; the beveled edge has a length of 349 mm; the rib has three parallel rows of grooves, the distance between parallel rows at the centers of the grooves is 130 mm, the distance between the grooves in one parallel row is 251.3 mm; the grooves have a length of 80 mm and a width of 20 mm; the value of the obtuse angle of the end of the rib with non-right angles is 113.6 degrees, the value of the acute angle of the end is 66.4 degrees. The rib is treated with a fire-retardant composition and painted green. The LE (Fig. 14) is made of chipboard, has a length of 1500 mm, a width of 523 mm, a thickness of 10 mm; it has four spikes - two spikes on each side opposite each other, the distance between the spikes is 211.3 mm, the spikes protrude 55 mm from the LE, the width of the spikes is 80 mm. The LE is treated with a fire-retardant composition and painted dark green. The elements are made of oriented strand sheet material.

2. Examples of the implementation of a technical solution related to the design

Example 2-1. A structure for the protection, shelter, and camouflage of personnel and property (Fig. 15, pos. 10 and Fig. 16, pos. 10). The structure is erected with one corner, erected from a set of structural elements consisting of 39 ribs and 120 LE. Ribs with two parallel rows of grooves were selected for the structure. The ribs are 810.56 mm long and 190 mm wide. The LE have 4 tenons - two tenons on two opposite sides. The LE is 450 mm long, 380 mm wide, the LE tenons protrude by 37 mm, adding a total of 74 mm to the length of the element. The structural elements are connected in such a way as to form a gable roof, wherein one slope has a length formed by the length of two ribs, and the second - by the length of one rib. The structure rises above the surface by 750 mm, has a length of 5532 mm, a width of 2050 mm. The structure is erected over a trench. The voids between the structural elements of the structure are not filled.

Example 2-2. A structure for protecting, covering and camouflaging equipment (Fig. 15, pos. 9 and Fig. 16, pos. 9). The structure is erected with three corners, erected from a set of structural elements consisting of 252 ribs and 1380 LE. Ribs with three parallel rows of grooves were selected for the structure. The ribs are 810.56 mm long and 190 mm wide. The LE have 4 tenons - two tenons on two opposite sides. The LE is 450 mm long, 380 mm wide, the LE tenons protrude by 37 mm, adding a total of 74 mm to the length of the element. The structural elements are connected in certain places to form obtuse angles, the structure is given a given shape. The erected structure has two walls and a gable roof. The length of each wall is formed by the length of two ribs, the length of each slope is formed by the length of four ribs. The structure rises above the surface by 3200 mm, has a length of 9230 mm, a width of 5600 mm. The structure is erected over a trench for equipment. The voids between the structural elements of the structure are filled with concrete.

Example 2-3. A structure for protection, shelter and camouflage of personnel and property (Fig. 17, pos. 8 and Fig. 18, pos. 8). The structure is flat, erected from a set of structural elements consisting of 78 ribs and 120 LE. Ribs with two parallel rows of grooves were selected for the structure. The ribs are paired in pairs of two pieces to strengthen the structure. The ribs are 810.56 mm long and 190 mm wide. The LE have 4 spikes - two spikes on two opposite sides. The LE is 450 mm long, 380 mm wide, the LE spikes protrude by 37 mm, adding a total of 74 mm to the length of the element. The structural elements are connected in such a way as to form a flat roof, the length of which is formed by the length of three ribs. The structure rises above the surface by the width of the rib - 190 mm, has a length of 5664 mm, a width of 2330 mm. The structure is erected above the trench. The voids between the structural elements of the structure are filled with sheets of insulation made of stone wool.

Example 2-4. A structure for the protection, shelter and camouflage of equipment (Fig. 17, pos. 7 and Fig. 18, pos. 7). The structure is erected with two right angles, erected from a set of structural elements consisting of 252 ribs and 1840 LE. Ribs with four parallel rows of grooves were selected for the structure. The ribs are 810.56 mm long and 190 mm wide. The LE have 4 tenons - two tenons on two opposite sides. The LE is 450 mm long, 380 mm wide, the LE tenons protrude by 37 mm, adding a total of 74 mm to the length of the element. The structural elements are connected in certain places to form right angles, the structure is given a given shape. The erected structure has two walls and a flat roof. The height of each wall is formed by the length of three ribs, the width of the roof is formed by the length of six ribs. The structure rises above the surface by 2330 mm, has a length of 9230 mm, a width of 4940 mm. The structure is erected over a trench with equipment. The voids between the structural elements of the structure are filled with soil.

3. Examples of the implementation of a technical solution related to the method of erecting a structure

Example 3-1. Construction of the structure shown in Example 2-3. A set of structural elements consisting of 78 ribs and 120 LEs is selected. Two ribs are superimposed on each other so that their grooves, angles, and orientation in space coincide. Tenons of the LEs are inserted into the grooves of the paired ribs so that both tenons located on one edge of the LE enter the two holes formed by the grooves of the paired ribs. Thus, a total of ten LEs are inserted into three paired ribs laid out in one line so that a structure of three paired ribs connected by LEs is formed (Fig. 19). The next row of three paired ribs is installed on the free LE tenons in the same way as the first row. Tenons of the next row of LEs are inserted into the grooves of the ribs of the next row so that the tenons of the LEs from different rows overlap each other. In this way, a structure is erected consisting of 13 rows of paired ribs connected by 12 rows of LE. The voids between the structural elements of the structure are filled with sheets of insulation made of stone wool.

Example 3-2. Construction of the structure shown in Example 2-4. A set of structural elements consisting of 252 ribs and 920 LEs is selected. The tenons of the LEs are inserted into the grooves of the rib so that both tenons located on one edge of the LE enter two grooves of the rib. Thus, a total of twenty LEs are inserted into three ribs laid out in one line so that a structure of three ribs connected by LEs is formed, wherein the structure is assembled in such a way that the grooves of the edge ends of the edge ribs remain free. The tenons of the next two LEs are inserted into the free grooves of the edge ends with right angles of the edge rib so that one tenon of each LE enters one groove of the rib and one remains free. In this case, the tenons of the LEs enter the grooves located perpendicular to the parallel rows of grooves of the rib into which the previous LEs are installed. The LEs installed in this way are oriented perpendicular to the assembled structure. The next rib is installed on the free tenons of such LE. This is how a structure with a right angle is obtained. After assembling the right angle using the actions described earlier, a row consisting of 6 ribs and 52 LE is added to the structure. The right angle is assembled using the method described earlier and the structure assembly continues by installing the next row of three ribs and ten LE. This is how a U-shaped structure is obtained, consisting of two parallel rows connected by a row perpendicular to them. Such a structure consists of 12 ribs and 92 LE. The next ribs are installed on the free tenons of the LE of such a structure, and so the assembly continues until the complete construction of the structure, consisting of 21 U-shaped rows of ribs connected by 20 rows of LE. The voids between the structural elements of the structure are filled with soil available at the site of the construction.

The examples given relate to the field of fortification structures. However, it is obvious to a construction specialist that the described technical solutions are applicable to any structures, regardless of their purpose.

The declared group of technical solutions, in addition to solving the designated problems and achieving the designated results, allows for the structure to be quickly disassembled for subsequent transportation and reuse or storage without the use of special equipment and tools. The uniformity of the structural elements makes it possible to erect structures from the elements of a previously disassembled structure that differ from the original in shape, size and purpose.

Each feature disclosed in the present description (including the claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is only one example of a total number of equivalent or similar features. The invention is not limited to the details of any of the above-described embodiments. The invention extends to any additional feature or any additional combination of features disclosed in the present description (including the claims, abstract and drawings), or to any additional step or any additional combination of steps of any method or process disclosed in this way. The claims should not be construed as covering only the above embodiments, but also any embodiments that fall within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (26)

1. A set of structural elements, including ribs and sheet elements, characterized by the fact that each rib is a product made of sheet material, having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid; each rib has grooves, which are through holes; each rib has grooves located parallel to the length of such rib in a row; the number of grooves in one such row of each rib is at least one; the number of parallel rows of grooves in each rib is at least one; each rib at the ends has grooves that are not parallel to the length of the rib, while at the end of each rib with right angles, the non-parallel grooves are located perpendicular to the length of the rib, at the end of the rib with non-right angles, the non-parallel grooves are located parallel to the oblique end edge of the rib; the length of the grooves of each rib is equal to the width of the tenons of each sheet element; the width of the grooves of each rib is equal to twice the thickness of the tenons of each sheet element; each sheet element is a product made of sheet material and has a rectangular shape; on two opposite edges of each sheet element there are spikes located in pairs opposite each other; There are at least two tenons on one edge of each sheet element. 2. A set of structural elements according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the sheet material from which the structural elements are made is selected from a metal sheet material, a wood fiber sheet material, a wood chip sheet material, a polymer sheet material, a wood-laminated sheet material, a metal-plastic sheet material, a fiberglass sheet material, a composite sheet material, an oriented strand sheet material, or a cement-bonded particle sheet material. 3. A set of structural elements according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the elements are not processed or painted. 4. A set of structural elements according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the elements are treated with impregnating compounds. 5. A set of structural elements according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the elements are painted. 6. A set of structural elements according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the tenons of each sheet element have a through hole. 7. A structure made from a set of structural elements according to paragraph 1, which is a prefabricated and disassemblable structure, characterized by the fact that the structural elements are ribs, which are products made of sheet material, having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid, while grooves are made in the ribs, which are through holes, grooves are made in the ribs, located parallel to their length in a row, grooves are made at the ends of the ribs, non-parallel to their length, at the end of the ribs with right angles, non-parallel grooves are made perpendicular to the length of the rib, at the end of the ribs with non-rectangular angles, non-parallel grooves are made parallel to the oblique end edge of the rib, and sheet elements, which are products made of sheet material, having a rectangular shape, while on two opposite edges thereof tenons are made, located in pairs opposite each other, at least two tenons are made on one such edge, while the length of the grooves of the ribs is made equal to the width of the tenons of the sheet elements, and the width of the grooves of the ribs is made equal to twice the thickness spikes of sheet elements; the structural elements of the structure are connected to each other by means of tenons of sheet elements and grooves of ribs; The ribs are located one after another, touching at the ends, forming straight, obtuse or acute angles. 8. The structure according to paragraph 7, characterized in that it consists of at least two ribs and at least two sheet elements that form voids between themselves. 9. The structure according to paragraph 8, characterized in that the voids between the structural elements are not filled. 10. The structure according to item 8, characterized in that the voids between the structural elements are filled. 11. The structure according to item 10, characterized in that the voids are filled with bulk and/or sheet and/or filling and/or construction materials. 12. The method for erecting a structure according to item 7 from structural elements, characterized by the use of structural elements in the form of ribs, which are products made of sheet material, having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid, while grooves are made in the ribs, which are through holes, grooves are made in the ribs, located parallel to their length in a row, grooves are made at the ends of the ribs, non-parallel to their length, at the end of the ribs with right angles, non-parallel grooves are made perpendicular to the length of the rib, at the end of the ribs with non-rectangular angles, non-parallel grooves are made parallel to the oblique end edge of the rib and in the form of sheet elements, which are products made of sheet material, having a rectangular shape, while on their two opposite edges tenons are made, located in pairs opposite each other, at least two tenons are made on one such edge, while the length of the grooves of the ribs is made equal to the width tenons of the sheet elements, and the width of the grooves of the ribs is made equal to twice the thickness of the tenons of the sheet elements; wherein the said ribs and sheet elements are successively connected, with the ribs touching each other at the ends, forming an expanded, right, obtuse or acute angle, and the tenons of the sheet elements are inserted into the grooves of the ribs.