RU2833460C1 - Method for increasing yield and quality of alfalfa green mass - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to nutrition of agricultural plants based on application of mineral fertilizers and biopreparations. In the method, mineral fertilizers and the biopreparation Mizorin are used in spring and after the first mowing, namely: root dressing with Azofoska in dose of 100 kg/ha and spraying with the biopreparation Mizorin at rate of 2 l/ha + 300 l/ha H₂O.

EFFECT: method provides higher yield and quality of green mass of alfalfa.

1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular the nutrition of agricultural plants based on the use of mineral fertilizers and a biopreparation.

Obtaining high results is possible only when optimal conditions are created for the formation of a highly productive agrocenosis of the main forage crop from the legume family of perennial grasses - alfalfa, ensuring the receipt of full two cuts in dryland farming.

Among many factors, the platform for the formation of highly productive alfalfa crops is the creation of an optimal nutritional regime based on the use of mineral fertilizers and modern biopreparations containing easily digestible macro- and microelements.

For example, pre-sowing treatment of alfalfa seeds with a biopreparation based on the strain Sinorhizobium meliloti Yakutsky No. 1 GNU VNIISKhM 1775 in the amount of 1 billion cells per 1 alfalfa seed increases the yield of this crop by 23% [1].

The disadvantage of this method is that this drug acts for a short time only at the initial stage of seed germination and the effect is not maintained during the growing season of the studied crop.

A method is known in which, in order to increase the yield of green mass of alfalfa, the vegetative plants are treated twice with an aqueous solution of a ternary copolymer of acrylic acid amide and triacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (SPAC) and salts of 2,4,6-tris[4'-carboxylatomethylthio(X ^- )] -1,3,5-triazine (Thioauxin) at X ^- = K ⁺ , Na ⁺ , NH ₄ ⁺ and the following ratio of ingredients, wt. %: SPAC - 0.001-0.0001 Thiauxin - 0.0025-0.00025 [2].

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not provide for the introduction of mineral fertilizers. Accordingly, it is impossible to provide alfalfa's need for basic nutritional elements (NPK) only through biological preparations.

The essence of the claimed invention is a method for increasing the yield of green mass of alfalfa based on the following scheme for applying mineral fertilizers and the biological product Mizorin : control (without fertilizers and biological products); root fertilizing in spring and after the first mowing with ammonium nitrate at 100 kg/ha in physical mass; root fertilizing in spring and after the 1st mowing with azophoska at 100 kg/ha in physical mass; root fertilizing in spring and after the 1st mowing with 100 kg/ha of ammonium nitrate in physical mass in combination with spraying with the biological product Mizorin at the rate of 2 l/ha + 300 l/ha _H2O ; root feeding in spring and after the first mowing at 100 kg/ha of azophoska in physical mass in combination with spraying with the biological preparation Mizorin at the rate of 2 l/ha + 300 l/ha _H2O ;

Stationary field experiments in 2021-2023 were carried out at the Agrobiotechnopark of the Kazan State Agrarian University (Narmonka village, Laishevsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan) with coordinates: latitude - 55.5244865824 and longitude - 48.274901646, and laboratory tests were carried out at the Center for Agroecological Research of the Kazan State Agrarian University.

The research results show a very effective interaction between the mineral fertilizer azofoska and the biopreparation Mizorin (Table 1).

Table 1 - Effect of mineral fertilizers and spraying with the biopreparation Mizorin on the yield of green mass of alfalfa.

Experimental variant Green mass yield in total for 2 cuttings, t/ha Increase t/ha % Control (without fertilizers) 20.2 - - Top dressing in spring and after the first mowing at 100 kg/ha ammonium nitrate in physical mass 24.9 4.7 23.3 Top dressing in spring and after the first cut at 100 kg/ha of azophoska in physical mass 29.8 9.6 47.5 Top dressing in spring and after the first mowing at 100 kg/ha ammonium nitrate in physical mass + spraying with the biological product Mizorin 2 l/ha in physical mass + 300 l/ha _H2O . 33.2 13.0 64.4 Top dressing in spring and after the first cut at 100 kg/ha of azophoska in physical mass + spraying with the biopreparation Mizorin 2 l/ha 300 l/ha _H2O . 38.8 18.6 92.1 NSR ₀₅ 0.31

In the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan without additional fertilization (control), the yield of green mass in total for 2 cuttings was 20.2 t/ha. The costs of fuel and lubricants and labor for the gross harvest of such biomass will most likely be inappropriate, which also applies to the additional fertilization of crops with ammonium nitrate 100 kg/ha in physical mass (24.9 t/ha).

A significant increase in the yield of green mass of the studied crop (9.6 t/ha) was achieved in the variant of fertilizing plants in the spring after the first mowing with azophoska at 100 kg/ha containing all the main nutritional elements N ₁₆ P ₁₆ K ₁₆ .

The combination of joint application of azophoska 100 kg/ha and spraying with the biopreparation Mizorin 2 l/ha + 300 l/ha _H2O ensured the production of additional green mass by 18.6 t/ha more compared to the control, which is 92.1% ahead of the control variant of the experiment. In this case, the second law of agriculture is clearly evident: "Positive interaction of environmental factors", i.e. one factor enhances the effect of another factor. In our case, the biopreparation Mizorin increases the payback of azophoska by 30.2%. The increase in green mass for 2 cuttings was 9.0 t/ha.

The main indicator of the quality of forage crops was and remains the content of crude protein. In this regard, alfalfa green mass is fundamentally different from other perennial grasses, especially from the Poaceae family (Table 2).

Table 2 - Effect of application of mineral fertilizers and the biopreparation Mizorin on the content and gross yield of crude protein.

Experimental variant Mass fraction of crude protein, g/kg Gross yield of crude protein, kg/ha Increase kg/ha % Control (without fertilizers) 151.5 3060 - - Top dressing in spring and after the first mowing at 100 kg/ha ammonium nitrate in physical mass 164.3 4091 1031 33.7 Top dressing in spring and after the first cut at 100 kg/ha of azophoska in physical mass 177.3 5283 2223 72.6 Top dressing in spring and after the first mowing at 100 kg/ha ammonium nitrate in physical mass + spraying with the biological product Mizorin 2 l/ha in physical mass + 300 l/ha _H2O . 206.9 6869 3809 124.5 Top dressing in spring and after the first mowing at 100 kg/ha of azofoska in physical mass + spraying with the biopreparation Mizorin
2 l/ha 300 l/ha H2O. 215.1 8346 5286 172.7

The content of crude protein in the green mass of alfalfa under the influence of top dressing in spring and after the 1st mowing at 100 kg/ha in the physical mass of azophoska increases to 177.3 g/kg, which exceeds the control (without fertilizers) by 42%. Additional foliar spraying with Mizorin at 2 l/ha + 300 l/ha _H2O in spring and after the 1st mowing provides a gross yield of crude protein of 8346 kg/ha against 3060 kg/ha in the control. The increase to the control was 172.7%. Such a sharp jump in the gross yield of crude protein is explained by the increase in the mass fraction of crude protein with a positive interaction of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers containing azophoska and the biopreparation Mizorin containing additional easily digestible macro- and microfertilizers.

Thus, the combination of mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrients with 2-fold spraying with the biological preparation Mizorin at a consumption rate of 2 l/ha + 300 l/ha _H2O provides an increase in the yield of green mass of alfalfa by 18.6 t/ha with a crude protein content of 215.1 g/kg. The proposed method for increasing the yield and quality of green mass of alfalfa currently has no analogues and is easily implemented in agricultural production.

List of references:

1. Russian Federation Patent 2 299 188 C2 IPC C05F 11/08 C12N 1/20. Method for increasing the yield of green mass of alfalfa / Yakovleva M.T., Kozhemyakov A.P., Vasilyeva N.T. Patent Holder: State Scientific Institution Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, declared 2005101533/13, 2005.01.24, published 20.05.2007. Bulletin No. 14.

2. Patent of the Russian Federation 2000 112 494 A IPC A01N 43/66. Method for accelerating growth parameters and increasing yield of alfalfa / Mikhailichenko S.N., Tretyakova O.I., Chesnyuk A.A., Konyushkin L.D., Kotlyarov N.S., Zaplishny V.N. Patent holder Kuban State Agrarian University, declared 2000112494/04, 2000.05.17, published 2002.02.27.

3. Safiollin F.N. Ecological and economic assessment of floodplain meadows and methods of their cultivation: monograph / Kazan, 2012. - 326 p.

Claims (1)

A method for increasing the yield and quality of green mass of alfalfa, characterized by the use of mineral fertilizers and the biological product Mizorin in the spring and after the first mowing, namely: root fertilization with azophoska at 100 kg/ha and spraying with the biological product Mizorin at a consumption rate of 2 l/ha + 300 l/ha _H2O .