RU2832677C1 - Electrostatic fire extinguishing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of fire-fighting equipment, namely to the electrostatic fire extinguishing device, which contains interconnected: a unit of start-control and protective equipment, step-down transformer, full-wave rectifier, smoothing filter, sinusoidal voltage generator with adjustable output signal amplitude; high-voltage transformer, standby autonomous source of electric energy in the form of storage battery, electrode system, device power system automatic control unit, fire detection and control device, fire detection means complex, unit for automatic input of stand-by self-contained electric power source, made with possibility of automatic activation of stand-by stand-alone electric power source; wherein the electrode system is configured to affect the primary reaction zone of the flame with a non-uniform static electric field; voltage source applied to electrode system is full-wave voltage multiplier connected to high-voltage transformer, output contacts of which are electrically connected by high-voltage cable line to electrode system.

EFFECT: invention provides higher energy efficiency and safety of the process of contactless fire extinguishing and/or prevention of fire source propagation inside or outside such objects as rooms in buildings, by the method of effecting the flame of non-uniform static electric field on the primary reaction zone of the flame.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The proposed electrostatic fire extinguishing device belongs to the field of fire-fighting technology.

A mobile fire-fighting installation is known, comprising a vehicle with an elastic conductor, adjustable in length, located on it and connected to each other: a power source, a DC voltage converter and a device for generating electric discharges in the form of a positive electrode in the form of a "rake" with needles connected to a high-voltage capacitor; as well as a retractable device that ensures the delivery of this electrode to the zone of the electron cloud (plasma) of the flame with negatively charged electrons [1]. The main disadvantage of such an installation is that when extinguishing a fire, the operator is forced to be in the zone of extreme proximity to the source of fire, and the principle of using flame plasma instead of a negative high-voltage electrode in this analogue not only worsens the efficiency of generating the required electric field strength necessary to suppress the combustion reaction, reducing the efficiency of fire extinguishing as a whole, but also does not allow using such an installation for the preventive protection of premises and similar objects from fire hazard.

An automatic stationary system is known, which is technically the closest to the claimed invention, providing, in addition to extinguishing a fire, also the ability to protect against fire hazard of such objects as rooms in buildings and structures for various purposes, which contains a control unit and a device for monitoring fire hazard associated with it in the form of a set of means for registering a fire, for example, functional fire alarm sensors and at least one unit for generating a working electric field, consisting of a high-voltage voltage converter received from the used power source, and two opposite high-voltage electrodes connected to it, installed with an air gap relative to each other, wherein a grounded floor plate of the room serves as a negatively charged electrode in it [2]. A disadvantage of this system is the reduced efficiency of the device, caused by the one-sided placement of the opposite electrodes with respect to the flame torch, with the help of which the working electric field is generated, since as a result of such placement, the effect of the electric field is carried out on all zones of the flame torch.

The objective of the proposed invention is to increase the energy efficiency and safety of the process of contactless extinguishing of fires and/or preventing the spread of a fire source inside or outside such objects as premises in buildings and structures for various purposes, by the method of influencing the primary reaction zone of a flame torch with a non-uniform static electric field.

Fig. 1 shows a diagram of an electrostatic fire extinguishing device. The device includes: 1 - a unit of starting control and protective equipment; 2 - a step-down transformer; 3 - a full-wave rectifier; 4 - a smoothing filter; 5 - a sinusoidal voltage generator with an adjustable amplitude of the output signal; 6 - a high-voltage transformer; 7 - a full-wave voltage multiplier; 8 - a high-voltage cable line; 9 - an electrode system; 10 - a backup autonomous source of electrical energy (a battery); 11 - an automatic control unit for the power system of the device; 12 - a fire control and monitoring device; 13 - a set of means for registering fire (fire detectors); 14 - an automatic input unit of the backup autonomous source of electrical energy.

The device operates as follows: voltage from a single-phase electric network (~220 V) of industrial frequency (50 Hz) is supplied to the input contacts of the starting control and protective equipment unit (1), the device is switched on by the switch, after which the step-down transformer (2) reduces the network voltage to a safe value (~24 V), the full-wave rectifier (3) converts the alternating voltage into direct voltage, and the smoothing filter (4) smooths out the pulsations of the rectified voltage. Then the voltage is supplied to the input contacts of the sinusoidal voltage generator (5). To regulate the voltage applied to the electrode systems and the electric field strength, the sinusoidal voltage generator is designed with the ability to regulate its output amplitude, which avoids the use of additional components that significantly increase the cost of the device. Thus, the sinusoidal voltage generator (5) generates a signal with an adjustable amplitude and a nominal frequency of 35 kHz, which is then supplied to the contacts of the primary winding of the high-voltage transformer (6). From the contacts of the secondary winding of the high-voltage transformer, high voltage is supplied to the input contacts of the full-wave voltage multiplier (7). The full-wave voltage multiplier is used to convert the alternating voltage of the high-voltage transformer into direct voltage, increase the amplitude of the direct voltage, and is a source of voltage applied to the electrode system (9). In this case, the output contacts of the full-wave voltage multiplier are electrically connected to the electrode system by an elastic conductor (8). A high-voltage cable covered with heat-resistant insulation is used as an elastic conductor. In order to ensure autonomous operation of the device and extinguishing of the source of fire in the absence of voltage in the electrical network of the object of protection against fire hazard, an automatic input unit of the backup autonomous source of electrical energy (14) is provided, which automatically switches on the backup autonomous source of electrical energy (10). A storage battery is used as this source. The proposed electrostatic fire extinguishing device also operates in automatic mode. For this purpose, an automatic control unit of the power system of the device (11) is provided, which automatically switches on the device when a signal about fire detection from the fire alarm control panel (12) is received by the control contacts of this unit. To detect a fire at the protected facility, a set of fire detection devices (13) is used. Smoke, heat detectors, and flame detectors can be used as detectors in the set of fire detection devices.

The physical essence of the fire extinguishing process in the proposed device is as follows: when a source of non-uniform static electric field is introduced into the flame torch area, the effect of movement of negatively and positively charged particles (charge carriers) to the field sources, i.e. oppositely charged electrodes, is observed, thereby breaking the flow of chain chemical reactions, as a result of which the flame goes out. The quantitative indicator of the efficiency of extinguishing the source of fire is the extinguishing time value - τ _t .

The technical result is achieved in the proposed invention in that the fire source is extinguished by a non-uniform static electric field formed by flat and cylindrical electrode systems located in such a way that the non-uniform static electric field acts on the primary reaction zone of the flame torch. This is due to the fact that the primary reaction zone of the flame torch has the smallest length (in comparison with the height of the entire flame torch), in addition, the carriers of electric charges concentrated in the primary reaction zone of the flame torch have the lowest energy, which allows for a significant reduction in the overall dimensions of the electrode systems and a decrease in the voltage applied to the electrode systems.

The essence of the electrode systems used is explained in the drawings Fig. 2-4, where:

- Fig. 2 shows a sketch of a flat electrode system;

- Fig. 3 shows a sketch of a cylindrical electrode system;

- Fig. 4 shows a sketch of the modular electrode system.

The flat electrode system is used to extinguish fires of solid flammable substances, spills of flammable and combustible liquids.

The technical result when using a flat electrode system (see Fig. 2) comprising a support (15); an adjustable stand (16); a support insulator (17); flat electrodes with additionally reinforced concentric electrodes having a conical shape in cross-section (18); a cable clamp (19); a high-voltage cable (20); a source of ignition (21) is achieved by the fact that this electrode system forms a sharp non-uniform static electric field acting on the primary reaction zone of the flame torch, which significantly increases the speed of movement of positively and negatively charged particles (charge carriers) in the direction of the electrodes (18), thereby achieving high efficiency of the fire extinguishing process due to a decrease in the extinguishing time.

The cylindrical electrode system is used to extinguish oil and gas fountains.

The technical result when using a cylindrical electrode system (see Fig. 3), comprising a support (22); an adjustable stand (23); a support insulator (24); cylindrical electrodes (25); a cable clamp (26); a high-voltage cable (27); an electrode fastening unit (28); a fire source (29), is achieved in that this electrode system forms a moderately non-uniform static electric field that acts on the primary reaction zone of the flame torch, increasing the rate of outflow of the combustible mixture, and upon reaching its critical value, the flame is blown off the surface of the well, thereby achieving high efficiency of the fire extinguishing process due to a reduction in the extinguishing time.

The modular electrode system is used to protect premises, buildings and structures of various purposes from freely developing fire.

The technical result when using a modular electrode system (see Fig. 4) containing a protective housing (30), a mounting base (31), a high-voltage cable input (32), a group of housing grounding contacts (33), a flat electrode (34), a group of additional concentric electrodes having a needle-shaped cross-section (35) is achieved in that this electrode system forms a unipolar sharp non-uniform static electric field that affects both burning substances and materials, and substances and materials not yet involved in the combustion process, thereby limiting the area (volume) of combustion and achieving fire localization.

Thus, the essence of the proposed invention is that it proposes contactless extinguishing of fires and protection of premises in buildings and structures of various purposes from a freely developing fire, using the method of exposure to a non-uniform static electric field.

Distinctive features from the prototype are the implementation of contactless extinguishing of fires and protection of premises in buildings and structures of various purposes from a freely developing fire, by the method of action of a non-uniform static electric field on the primary reaction zone of a flame torch, using a flat, cylindrical and modular electrode systems in automatic mode, and the source of voltage applied to the electrode systems is a two-half-period voltage multiplier. The power supply of the electrostatic fire extinguishing device is carried out both from a single-phase alternating current network (~220 V), and from a backup autonomous source of electrical energy, made in the form of a battery.

List of references

1. Russian Federation Patent for Invention No. 69754 U1 dated September 28, 2007.

2. Russian Federation Patent for invention No. 2484862 C1 dated 11.03.2011.

Claims (7)

1. An electrostatic fire extinguishing device characterized in that it contains the following, interconnected: a starting control and protective equipment unit (1), a step-down transformer (2), a full-wave rectifier (3), a smoothing filter (4), a sinusoidal voltage generator with an adjustable output signal amplitude (5); a high-voltage transformer (6), a backup autonomous source of electrical energy (10) in the form of a storage battery, an electrode system (9), an automatic control unit for the power system of the device (11), a fire alarm control and monitoring device (12), a set of fire detection means (13), an automatic input unit for the backup autonomous source of electrical energy (14), designed with the possibility of automatically switching on the backup autonomous source of electrical energy (10); wherein the electrode system (9) is designed with the possibility of influencing the primary reaction zone of the flame torch with a non-uniform static electric field; the source of voltage applied to the electrode system (9) is a two-half-wave voltage multiplier (7) connected to a high-voltage transformer (6), the output contacts of which are electrically connected by a high-voltage cable line (8) to the electrode system (9). 2. An electrostatic fire extinguishing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the electrode system is made in the form of a flat electrode system, designed with the ability to extinguish fires of solid flammable substances, spills of flammable and flammable liquids. 3. An electrostatic fire extinguishing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the electrode system is made in the form of a cylindrical electrode system, designed with the possibility of extinguishing oil and gas fountains. 4. An electrostatic fire extinguishing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the electrode system is designed as a modular electrode system, including a flat electrode and a group of concentric electrodes having a needle-like cross-section, designed with the ability to protect premises in buildings and structures from a freely developing fire. 5. An electrostatic fire extinguishing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it contains a unit for automatically inputting a backup autonomous source of electrical energy to ensure autonomous operation of the device and extinguishing the source of fire in the absence of voltage in the electrical network of the facility being protected from fire hazard.

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