RU2830429C9 - Rotary device of machine with cnc system for tool or spindle and/or workpiece - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building and can be used as rotary devices for tool or spindle and/or workpiece of CNC machines. Invention comprises three guides installed on each other with eccentricity, which can be adjusted, and made with possibility of fixation both on horizontal and vertical components of machine bed, wherein every said guide comprises lower static part, upper rotary part and independent electric drive of upper part to be controlled by machine CNC system.

EFFECT: use of the invention allows extending the technological capabilities of the machine.

6 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular to ring guides for CNC machines for processing materials.

The prior art includes a machine with cylindrical guides, primarily for a metal-cutting machine, which include cylindrical rollers mounted on the machine frame parallel to each other, one end of each of which is rigidly fixed to the frame (SU835699 A1, 07.06.1978).

A machine tool is known in which the spindle axis moves along an arc (in cross-section) due to its eccentric location in a shaft driven by a gear drive (SU 763065 A1, 15.09.1980).

From document SU 975243 A1, 23.11.1982, a machine is known that contains a base with ring guides on which a rotary table is mounted.

The machines known from the state of the art have a drawback, namely, the workpiece or tool can only move along either straight or curved paths. In this regard, the machines are a set of various, complex-configured parts, including elements with linear and ring guides.

The technical result of the invention consists in ensuring the movement of the workpiece and the tool/spindle along straight and curved trajectories due to the rotation of identical guides, installed on top of each other with eccentricity and having independent electric rotation drives.

The technical result is provided by a rotary device of a machine with a CNC system for a tool or spindle and/or a workpiece, consisting of three guides installed on top of each other with an eccentricity and made with the possibility of fastening both on the horizontal and on the vertical components of the bed, wherein each guide consists of two parts - an upper rotary part and a lower static part and contains an independent electric drive of the upper rotary part, made with the possibility of controlling the CNC system.

The upper rotary and lower static parts are made in the form of disks installed coaxially with respect to each other.

The lower static part of the first guide is designed with the possibility of being secured to the horizontal component of the bed, while the upper rotary part of the third guide is designed with T-shaped slots with the possibility of securing the workpiece.

The lower static part of the first guide is designed with the possibility of being secured to the vertical component of the bed, while the upper rotary part of the third guide is designed with T-shaped slots with the possibility of securing a tool or spindle.

The lower static part of each guide is made with a support surface on which a mechanical fastening in the form of tight bolts is installed, with the possibility of fastening to the machine frame or to the upper rotary part of another guide.

All guides are made with the same design and the same size, while by changing the eccentricity of the installation of the guides on each other, the geometry of the rotary device changes.

Electric drives for rotating guides can be implemented, for example, on the basis of various types of gearboxes, including cylindrical, bevel, cycloidal or combined, connected to an electric motor or electric motors mechanically through a shaft, as well as on the basis of a ring gearless multi-pole direct electromagnetic drive.

The static part of each guide has a support surface on which a mechanical fastening is installed, for fastening to the frame or to the upper rotary part of another guide. A possible method of fastening can be fastening through fitted holes, in one of the guides a threaded hole is made, and in the other a smooth, mutual fastening is performed with fitted bolts.

The essence of the invention is explained by figures.

Fig. 1 shows a guide consisting of two parts, an upper rotary part and a lower static part, where

1 - rotary part of the guide;

2 - static part of the guide.

The lower, static part of each guide has a support surface on which a mechanical fastening is installed, by means of which the guide can be fixed to the frame or to the upper rotary part of another guide, in which case the fastening is performed with eccentricity. A possible method of fastening can be fastening through fitted holes, in one of the guides a threaded hole is made, and in the other a smooth, mutual fastening is performed with fitted bolts. Preferably, the rotary and static parts are made in the form of a disk.

Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the mounting of guides with eccentricity, where

3 - first guide;

4 - second guide;

5 - guide rail mounting area.

Fig. 3 shows a front view of the CNC machine with guides; Fig. 4 shows a side view of the CNC machine with guides; Fig. 5 shows a top view of the CNC machine with guides, where

6, 7, 8 - guides installed on the horizontal axis of the bed;

9, 10, 11 - guides installed on the vertical axis of the bed;

12 - frame;

13 - tool or spindle.

A machine for processing various materials, including metalworking, in which all movements along the axes are performed exclusively due to angular movements of guides installed on top of each other with eccentricity and having independent electric rotation drives that are controlled using a CNC system.

On the horizontal component of the machine bed, guides 6, 7 and 8 (Fig. 3) are installed on top of each other with eccentricity. On guide 8, in a particular case, using T-shaped slots made in the upper movable surface, the part, the processing of which is carried out on the machine, is fixed. Within the working area, the part can move in the horizontal plane along any rectilinear or curvilinear trajectories.

On the vertical part of the machine bed, guides 9, 10 and 11 (Fig. 5) are structurally similar to guides 6, 7 and 8 and are installed on top of each other in a vertical plane with eccentricity. On guide 9, for example, with the help of T-shaped grooves made in the upper movable surface, a tool or milling spindle 12 (Fig. 4) is fixed, which processes a part installed on guide 8, moving the part in a horizontal plane. Within the working zone of the vertical axes, the tool or spindle can move in a vertical plane along any rectilinear or curvilinear trajectories, the movement pattern is similar to the movements shown in Fig. 6.

The machine is assembled on a bed 13 (Fig. 4), which is made predominantly of an L-shape on the horizontal component, to which guides 6, 7 and 8 are attached with the workpiece installed on them, and on the vertical component guides 9, 10 and 11 with a tool or spindle 12 installed on them. The CNC, by consistently controlling the rotation of the guides of the horizontal and vertical axes, can perform various types of processing of parts using various tools or a spindle.

Fig. 6 shows in detail the mechanism for moving an object using the example of providing rectilinear movement (diagrams 1-7). By simultaneously rotating guides 6, 7 and 8 at the angles indicated in the table, rectilinear movement of a part or any object installed on the rotating part of the upper guide is provided. Diagrams 1-7 show 7 intermediate positions of the relative position of the guides, and the table shows the angles of rotation of the guides for each intermediate position, as well as the coordinates of the object being moved.

The machine layout may vary depending on the required technology and the specifics of the mechanical processing methods performed on the equipment.

Fig. 7 shows the layout of the machine with the vertical guide plane positioned at an angle of 90 degrees; such a layout allows for machining with a horizontal spindle position.

Fig. 8 shows the layout of the machine with an inclined position of the plane of the vertical guides; such a layout allows for processing with an inclined position of the spindle in a significantly wider range of installation angles.

Claims (6)

1. A rotary device for a machine with a CNC system for a tool or spindle and/or a workpiece, comprising two guides mounted on one another with an eccentricity and made with the possibility of being mounted on both the horizontal and vertical components of the machine bed, wherein each of the guides includes a lower static part, an upper rotary part and an independent electric drive for rotating the upper part, made with the possibility of controlling the CNC system of the machine, characterized in that it is provided with a third guide, which includes a lower static part, an upper rotary part and an independent electric drive for rotating the upper part, made with the possibility of controlling the CNC system, wherein the lower static part of the third guide is mounted with an eccentricity on the upper rotary part of the second guide. 2. A rotary device according to item 1, characterized in that the upper rotary and lower static parts are made in the form of disks installed coaxially with respect to each other. 3. A rotary device according to item 1, characterized in that the lower static part of the first guide is designed with the possibility of being secured to the horizontal component of the machine bed, while the upper rotary part of the third guide is designed with T-shaped grooves with the possibility of securing the workpiece. 4. A rotary device according to item 1, characterized in that the lower static part of the first guide is designed with the possibility of being secured to the vertical component of the machine bed, while the upper rotary part of the third guide is designed with T-shaped slots with the possibility of securing a tool or spindle. 5. A rotary device according to item 1, characterized in that the lower static part of each guide is made with a support surface on which a mechanical fastening is installed in the form of tight bolts with the possibility of fastening to the machine frame or to the upper rotary part of another guide. 6. A rotary device according to item 1, characterized in that all guides are made with the same design, with the same size and with the possibility of changing the eccentricity of the installation of the guides on each other to change the geometry of the rotary device.