RU2827446C1 - Method for stimulating growth of seed peas on gray forest soils of central non-black soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: disclosed is a method of growing peas on gray forest soils of the Central Non-Black Earth Region, involving treatment of seeds and plants with an active substance. Before sowing, pea seeds are treated with a mixture of preparations Azotovit and Phosphatovit at ratio of 1:1 in dose of 3 l/t of seeds. Seeds of peas are sown in the first decade of May as per the precursor—winter wheat, at a sowing rate of peas of 0.8 million pieces/ha, by a row method. Then plants are treated with a mixture of preparations in dose of 1 l/ha in the budding phase.

EFFECT: invention increases efficiency of growing peas due to optimal microbiological fertilization of plants nutrition during vegetation and allows to reduce the period of growing peas by stimulating the process of accumulation of biomass of plants.

1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and is intended for plant growing, namely the efficient cultivation of peas in the conditions of the Central Non-Black Earth Region.

Currently, in agriculture, along with the development of high-yielding varieties of agricultural crops and agro-technological measures, great importance is attached to the use of physiologically active substances and microbiological fertilizers.

It is known that extensive work is being carried out both in the Russian Federation and abroad on the practical use of microbiological fertilizers on crops, grains, legumes and other agricultural crops.

It should be noted that these crops, due to their biological characteristics (uneven ripening, cracking of beans, lodging of stems), require management of plant growth and development during the period of formation of increased yields, in particular, in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone.

A method of cultivating peas is known, which includes autumn soil preparation, smooth sowing, pre-sowing cultivation, pre-emergence and post-emergence harrowing, chemical treatments against diseases, pests and weeds (Nechaev V.I., Lukyanenko P.P. Spring peas in Kuban: status and production prospects. - Journal "Grain Crops", 1994, No. 1, pp. 11-13).

However, the high dependence of the timing of traditional smooth sowing of peas on weather conditions does not always allow to provide the necessary for normal development of pea plants and less damage to them by pests and diseases. Traditional technology shows insufficient efficiency due to the lack of application of microbiological fertilizers during field germination of seeds and development of a powerful leaf surface when growing plants for pea seeds.

A method of pre-sowing treatment of fodder beet seeds is known. In this method, the seeds are soaked in activated water and then dried to a free-flowing state (Author's Certificate SU No. 1753974, A01C 1/00 dated 15.08.1992). However, in this method, the treatment of seeds with weakly acidic activated water (only pH 3-3.5 is indicated), apparently obtained on the basis of an electrolyte during natural mineralization of water, is based on the suppression of "the development of microorganisms on the surface of seeds that cause plant diseases." In other words, this method applies only to the disinfection (treatment) of seeds before sowing and does not claim to have a biostimulation effect.

A method for sowing long-stemmed pea varieties is known (RU No. 97102848, A01C 7/00, A01B 79/02 dated 02/27/1999).

The disadvantage of this solution is that it does not provide for the use of physiologically active substances and microbiological fertilizers.

A method for stimulating the growth of agricultural plants is known, their treatment with a solution of potassium hydroxide (to stimulate growth) and a solution of acetic acid (to accelerate the aging of leaves) (Patent RU No. 2161406, A01N 37/02, A01N 59/00 dated 10.01.2001).

A method is known that represents a growth regulator (epin-extra) and plant development with a pronounced anti-stress adaptogenic effect. The preparation epin-extra contains highly purified 24-epibrassinolide as an active substance, synthesized by an original method, which indirectly through the hormonal system affects the activity and biosynthesis of oxidative cycle enzymes, enhances seed germination and plant growth, increases resistance to biotic and antibiotic factors, increases the yield and improves its quality.

The closest to the claimed method is the pre-sowing treatment of agricultural crop seeds with an active substance - activated water, in which the seeds were first soaked in a solution of activated water, after which they were dried to a certain humidity (Patent RU No. 2170499, A01C 1/00 dated 20.07.2001).

The disadvantages of the above methods are: high labor intensity in production and use, as well as insufficient efficiency due to a very short period of impact on the plant. Apparently, due to the noted disadvantages, these methods, as well as other growth regulators, have not found large-scale industrial application.

The technical task of the proposed invention is to increase the yield of pea varieties by increasing field germination and stimulating symbiotic activity through treatment with microbiological fertilizers.

The technical result obtained is an increase in the yield of agricultural crops and improvement of seed quality using modern microbiological fertilizers due to maximum prolongation of nutrition during the growing season.

The technical result is achieved in that in the method for stimulating the growth of peas on gray forest soils of the Central Non-Black Earth Region, including treating plants with an active substance, according to the invention, a microbiological mixture for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of the preparations Azotovita and Phosphatovita at a ratio of 1:1 at a dose of 3 l/t is used as the active substance, and then the plants are treated with a mixture of preparations at a dose of 1 l/ha in the budding phase.

Example. The research was conducted in field conditions at the Research Center "Agrotechnopark" of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Ryazan State Agrarian University of the Ryazan Region of the Russian Federation on gray forest soils. Gray forest soils are typical for the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia.

The object of the research is two varieties of peas: Ostinato and Rocket.

The Ostinato variety of sowing peas is included in the State Register for the Central, Central Black Earth and West Siberian regions. Average yield by region is from 23.1 to 32.5 c/ha. Mid-late, vegetation period is 66-84 days. Plant height is 48-84 cm. Resistant to lodging and shattering. Weight of 1000 seeds is 172-244 g. Protein content in grain is 20.8-23.1%.

Pea variety Rocket - Included in the Central and Central Black Earth regions. Mid-season, vegetation period - 68-96 days. Plant height - 46-88 cm. Resistant to lodging and shattering. Weight of 1000 seeds - 166-232 g. Protein content in grain 20.9-22.1%. Average yield by region from 21.9 to 27.2 c/ha.

The method was assessed using vegetation experiments on two varieties of peas, Ostinato and Rocket, in 2021-2022 in the Ryazan region.

Agrotechnical measures for the cultivation of peas were carried out in accordance with existing zonal recommendations.

To conduct the experiment, the seed and crop treatment was carried out using a backpack sprayer Zhuk OG-115. The working solution of the agrochemical was used on the day of treatment after opening the package and preparation.

Peas were sown in the first ten days of May (1-2 May) after winter wheat. The seeding rate of peas was 0.8 million pcs./ha. The sowing method was row.

Two microbiological preparations were used for the study: Azotovit and Fosfatovit: the first was used for seed treatment before sowing (pre-sowing seed spraying); the second was used for crop treatment in the budding phase (in a tank mixture with herbicides).

The control field experiment was laid out on a plot leveled by fertility. The area of the plot size was 50 ^m2 , respectively, the accounting one was 40 ^m2 .

Records and observations in laboratory conditions and during the growing season were carried out on the basis of the “Methodology for conducting field agrotechnical experiments / Krasnodar, 2010-327 p. / Mathematical processing of the results was carried out according to B.A. Dospekhov “Methodology for higher agricultural institutions”. Stereotype. Edition, supplemented and revised. 1985. Moscow: Alliance, 2014 - 351 p.

The experimental design is based on the method of organized repetitions. The repetition is 4-fold. Experimental design: 1. Control (no treatment): 2. Seed treatment with Azotovit at a dose of 3 l/t; 3. Crop treatment with Azotovit at a dose of 1 l/ha; 4. Seed treatment with Phosphatovit at a dose of 3 l/t; 5. Crop treatment with Phosphatovit at a dose of 1 l/ha; 6. Azotovit + Phosphatovit seed treatment at a dose of 1.5 l/t; 7. Azotovit + Phosphatovit crop treatment at a dose of 0.5 l/ha; 8. Azotovit + Phosphatovit seed treatment at a dose of 3 l/t; 9. Azotovit + Phosphatovit crop treatment at a dose of 1.0 l/ha.

The treatment of seeds of pea varieties with the preparations Azotovit and Phosphatovit was carried out before sowing (pre-sowing). The treatment of crops was carried out in the budding phase with the preparations Azotovit and Phosphatovit in a tank mixture.

The results of field experiments showed that the field peas respond significantly to treatment with microbiological fertilizers. In field conditions, it was noted that the treatment of seeds with microbiological preparations ensures the emergence of more uniform shoots of pea varieties. The germination rate on the control variant of the field pea variety Rocket on average for 2021-2022 was 68.8%, and the Ostinato variety - 69.5%.

An increased effect from seed treatment using Azotovit and Phosphatovit was obtained in the variant where the preparations were used at a dose of 3.0 l/t, and in field conditions for these preparations, an increased effect was obtained from treatment at a dose of 1.0 g/ha.

Thus, treatment with Phosphavit stimulated an increase in the germination of pea varieties by 2.3% (germination was 71.1%) and by 2.55 (germination was 72.0%), respectively.

The lowest effect was obtained when treating with Azotovit and its indicator was 1.9% (up to 70.7%) and 1.8% (up to 71.3%), respectively, for varieties of sowing peas.

It should be noted that under field experimental conditions, the combined use (tank mixture) of Azotovit and Phosphatovit (3 l/t) had a significant effect on pea germination, for example, for the Rocket variety - by 22.3% (up to 91.1%), and for the Ostinato variety - by 21.4% (up to 90.9%) compared to the control.

During the research, measurements of the height of the studied pea varieties were taken in variants from 80 to 82 cm. In addition, treatment with microbiological preparations stimulated the growth of pea plants during the accumulation of green mass in all variants, this was especially noted in the budding phase.

It should be noted that by the end of the growing season, the accumulation of green mass in the variants treated with a mixture of Azotovit + Phosphatovit (for sowing at a dose of 1.5 l / t and spraying crops at a dose of 0.5 l / ha), as well as Azotovit + Phosphatovit (3.0 l / t and 1.0 l / ha), respectively, significantly reduces the accumulation of green mass compared to the control, due to which the accumulation of dry matter increases in the variants. A tendency is observed to increase the formation of grain mass, i.e. seed filling, compared to the control (there is still an increase in green mass in the control).

Thus, in the control with the Rocket variety, the accumulation of green mass was 25.8 1/1 plant, and when treated with a mixture of Azotovit + Phosphatovit (pre-sowing seed treatment at a dose of 1.5 l/t and spraying crops at a dose of 0.5 l/ha) - 20.6 g/1 plant; for the variant of treatment with a mixture of Azotovit + Phosphatovit (3.0 l/t; 1.0 l/ha) - 18.6 g/1 plant, respectively.

The results obtained on experimental crops of pea yields under extremely dry summer conditions are presented in Table 1.

It follows from Table 1 that seed treatment with a mixture of microbiological preparations contributed to a rapid increase in the leaf apparatus area. The maximum leaf area was formed in the budding phase in the variant with a mixture of Azotovit + Phosphatovit (3.0 l/t; 1.0 l/ha), respectively, and amounted to 428.8 ^cm2 per 1 plant (Roket variety) and 423.4 ^cm2 per 1 plant (Ostinato variety).

As shown by the comparative analysis of the obtained data, in pea plants treated with Azotovit + Phosphatovit (3.0 l/t; 1.0 l/ha), during seed filling, the dying off of the lower leaves reduces the leaf surface area and, consequently, the conditions for bean ripening are improved. Thus, the leaf area in the control variant by seed filling was 258.7-266.2 cm ² /1 plant, compared to the variants treated with the mixture of preparations - 220.1-210.4 cm ² /1 plant.

Formation of leaf surface and accumulation of dry matter significantly affects the productivity of photosynthesis (PSP) of pea plants. PSP increases during the budding phase, and this is noticeable in variants with the combined use of a mixture of Azotovit and Phosphatovit (3.0 l/t; 1.0 l/ha). From 5.8 to 6.0 g of dry matter per day is synthesized per square meter of leaves. At the same time, during the phase of bean formation and ripening, the net productivity of photosynthesis decreases to 4.3-4.6 g of dry matter per day.

Thus, treatment with Azotovit and Phosphatovit stimulated the growth, development and productivity of peas depending on their combination and concentration.

It should be noted that July of summer was characterized by high average air temperature with low precipitation. The indicators of formation of the crop structure gave a large number of beans, but there were fewer developed seeds on the plant. The highest percentage of developed seeds was noted with the combined use of the mixture of Azotovit and Phosphatovit - 87.8-90.0%, compared to the control.

Taking into account the indicator of pea seed size. The weight of 1000 grains in the variant with a mixture of Azotovit and Phosphatovit increased by 12.3-13.8 g compared to the control. When conducting research on the yield structure of the pea variety Rocket and the pea variety Ostinato, it was found that their dependence on seed treatment with a pre-sowing mixture and spraying treatment in the budding phase significantly stimulated an increase in seed yield; the experimental data are given in Table 2.

As follows from the data presented in Table 2, the use of microfertilizers led to an increase in the yield of the Rocket pea variety and the Ostinato pea variety. The maximum yield of the Rocket pea variety was revealed in the variant with the action of Azotovit + Phosphatovit (3.0 l/t; 1.0 l/ha) and amounted to 24.0 c/ha (by 14.8%), which is higher compared to the control, and the yield for the Ostinato pea variety was 24.6 c/ha (+15.3% to the control).

It should be noted that seed productivity of peas increases with the use of microbiological preparations due to the formation of a large number of grown beans on the plant and developed seeds in the bean.

Thus, we state that the use of microbiological preparations for the Rocket and Ostinato pea varieties leads to the stimulation of plants where they had a more developed biomass, higher productivity and length, which allows us to recommend these pea varieties for introduction into the gray forest soils of the Non-Black Earth Region.

Claims (1)

A method for growing peas on gray forest soils of the Central Non-Black Earth Region, including the treatment of seeds and plants with an active substance, characterized in that the pea seeds are treated with a mixture of the preparations Azotovit and Fosfatovit at a ratio of 1:1 at a dose of 3 l / t of seeds before sowing, the pea seeds are sown in the first ten days of May after the predecessor - winter wheat, at a seeding rate of peas of 0.8 million pcs / ha, in rows, then the plants are treated with a mixture of preparations at a dose of 1 l / ha in the budding phase.