RU2823499C1 - Method for cultivation of sudan grass for green mass in closed ground in cryolithozone conditions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; fodder production.

SUBSTANCE: method involves early sowing of Sudan grass—on May 6th using a row method with row spacing of 15 cm with a seeding rate of 25 kg/ha at 100% germination of seeds and provides the onset of mowing ripeness of the Sudan grass on the green mass of the first harvesting date—on June 15th in the sweeping phase after 40 days, with further second renewal of the Sudan grass, starting from June 15th to July 10th. Second term harvesting of the Sudan grass was carried out 25 days later in the sweeping phase on July 10th, followed by the third regeneration of the Sudan grass from July 11th to August 15th. Harvesting of the Sudan grass of the third period was carried out on August 15th after 35 days in the phase of sweeping and with the last fourth renewal of the Sudan grass from August 16th to September 20th with harvesting of the fourth term of the Sudan grass on September 20th in 35 days in the sweeping phase.

EFFECT: method provides high stable yield and fodder value of the Sudan grass.

1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to feed production.

Prototype 1. Known application for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2745121 dated March 22, 2021 A01B 79/02; A01G 22/00. The essence of the application is that the method of cultivating sunflower and its mixtures according to the timing of sowing for silage in cryolithozone conditions includes autumn plowing, in the spring, when the physical ripeness of the soil occurs, closing the moisture in 2 traces, disking in 2 traces, pre-sowing treatment with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers to dose N60P60K60 kg/ha of active substance and pre-sowing rolling. Sowing with post-sowing rolling of annual forage crops - sunflower, sunflower + spring vetch, sunflower + field peas, sunflower + Sudan grass, sunflower + millet, sunflower + corn, sunflower + oilseed radish, sunflower + spring rapeseed, sunflower + amaranth - is carried out for silage in two sowing periods. The first sowing period is the first ten days of June, the second term is the second ten days of June using a row method with row spacing of 45 cm, with an irrigation rate of 250-300 m3/ha at 70-75% NV. Crops of the first sowing period are harvested in the second ten days of August with a yield of 32.3 t/ha to 39.9 t/ha of green mass, the second sowing period - in the first ten days of September with a yield of 29.3 to 36.2 t/ha green mass.

The disadvantage of this work is also that open ground does not provide plants with protection from low air and soil temperatures and from adverse weather conditions with a limited duration of mowing.

Prototype 2. Known application for invention RF2654621 dated May 21, 2018 A01B 79/01; A01G 7/00. The essence of the application is that the method involves sowing amaranth in a mixture with cereal components. In this case, amaranth is sown in a mixture with Sudan grass or corn in a ratio of 4:1 from the seeding rate of each crop at a nutrition level of N64P76K62. The method allows you to increase efficiency due to the reasonable ratio of sown crops and the removal of nutrients from the soil with the crop.

The disadvantage of this method is that the sowing of annual forage crops is carried out in open ground, and harvesting is carried out once.

Prototype 3. The closest analogue of the claimed method is the application for invention of the Russian Federation 2701636 dated 09.30.2019 A01B 79/02, A01G 22/00. The method involves sowing Sudanese grass in early May with a seeding rate of 4.5-5 million pieces. /ha, maintaining pre-irrigation soil moisture not lower than 75-80% HB and irrigation by sprinkling. A differentiated soil cultivation system is carried out: after harvesting the predecessor, stubble is peeled in 1-2 traces; autumn plowing to a depth of 0.22-0.25 m for heavy and medium loamy soils and 0.20-0.22 m for light loamy soils; spring plowing or moldless cultivation to a depth of 0.18-0.22 m - on sandy loam and sandy soils; pre-sowing cultivation, pre-sowing and post-sowing digging. The method makes it possible to increase the yield of green mass of Sudanese grass to 25-30 t/ha.

The disadvantage of this application is that the sowing of Sudanese grass is carried out in open ground, and harvesting is carried out once.

The objective of the invention is to create a method for cultivating Sudanese grass for green mass in closed ground under permafrost conditions.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of cultivating Sudanese grass for green mass in closed ground under cryolithozone conditions, including one-time sowing of Sudanese grass at an early sowing date of May 6 with the onset of mowing ripeness of Sudanese grass for green mass at the first harvesting date - June 15 in the phase sweeping after 40 days, with a further second renewal of Sudan grass starting from June 15 to July 10, while the harvesting of Sudan grass of the second period was carried out after 25 days in the sweep phase on July 10, followed by a third renewal of Sudan grass from July 11 to August 15, with In this case, the harvesting of Sudanese grass of the third period was carried out on August 15 after 35 days in the sweeping phase and with the last fourth renewal of Sudanese grass from August 16 to September 20 with the harvesting of the fourth term of Sudanese grass on September 20 after 35 days in the sweeping phase. Sowing of Sudanese grass is carried out in a row manner with row spacing of 15 cm with a seeding rate of 25 kg/ha with 100% seed germination. Watering is carried out using tape irrigation.

Sowing of Sudanese grass with four harvesting periods for green mass in cryolithozone conditions is carried out with irrigation in closed ground, while providing favorable conditions for the growth, development and formation of the yield of green mass of Sudanese grass for the first harvesting period - 5.0 t/ha, for the second harvesting period - 7.5 t/ha, third harvest period - 3.2 t/ha, fourth harvest term - 2.7 t/ha.

The declared method of cultivating Sudanese grass indoors in permafrost conditions is different:

from prototype 1 in that Sudanese grass is sown at one early date - May 6 in closed ground. Sudanese grass is harvested for green mass four times during the sweeping phase.

from prototype 2 in that Sudanese grass is sown at one early sowing time, grows in closed ground under favorable air, soil and humidity temperatures, and is harvested four times.

from prototype 3 in that in this method Sudan grass is sown at one early sowing time and 4 harvests of green mass are obtained.

The technical effectiveness of the proposed invention is the creation of favorable conditions for the growth, development and formation of the yield of Sudanese grass in greenhouses and to obtain Sudanese grass from early sowing - May 6th in a row method with row spacing of 15 cm with a seeding rate of 25 kg/ha with 100% seed germination - four full harvest of green mass when irrigated in greenhouses, characterized not only by high, stable yield and feed value, but also by efficiency, which allows reducing production costs, the cost and profitability of cultivating Sudanese grass, providing farm animals with feed.

The proposed invention will make it possible to cultivate Sudanese grass for green mass in closed ground at an early sowing date - May 6, in a row method with row spacing of 15 cm with a seeding rate of 25 kg/ha with 100% seed germination and obtain four crops of Sudanese grass in the sweeping phase with a yield of the first harvesting period of 5 .0 t/ha, the second harvest period - 7.5 t/ha, the third harvest period - 3.2 t/ha, the fourth harvest period - 2.7 t/green mass.

Claims (1)

A method of cultivating Sudanese grass for green mass in greenhouses with irrigation under cryolithozone conditions, including early sowing of Sudanese grass - on May 6th in a row method with row spacing of 15 cm with a seeding rate of 25 kg/ha with 100% seed germination and ensuring the onset of mowing ripeness of Sudanese grass on green mass of the first harvesting period - June 15 in the sweeping phase after 40 days, with a further second renewal of Sudanese grass, starting from June 15 to July 10, while the harvesting of Sudanese grass of the second period was carried out after 25 days in the sweeping phase on July 10, followed by the third renewal of Sudanese grass from July 11 to August 15, while the harvesting of Sudanese grass of the third period was carried out on August 15 after 35 days in the sweeping phase and with the last fourth renewal of Sudanese grass from August 16 to September 20 with the harvesting of the fourth term of Sudanese grass on September 20 after 35 days in the spawning phase.