RU2820262C1 - Electrode press - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in presses for pressing consumable titanium electrodes for the purpose of their further remelting into ingots or shaped casts. Proposed press comprises frame consisting of base and architrave, vertical columns, movable crossbar, pressure punches, mixing hopper, charge container, electrode intake and pressure pads. Mixing hopper has the possibility of reciprocal movement along the guides, which are mounted on the base. Electrode intake contains a support platform connected to counterweights through a system of units. Composite wiper washer is provided.

EFFECT: higher quality of electrodes and possibility of making electrodes of different length.

3 cl

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used in the production of presses, in particular a press for pressing consumable titanium electrodes for the purpose of their further melting into ingots or shaped castings intended for subsequent pressure treatment.

A known press for pressing electrodes includes a frame consisting of a base, an architrave, vertical columns, a movable traverse, press dies, a mixing hopper, a mixer container, a charge container, a receiving device for electrodes, and press washers. (see, for example, RF patent No. 174974 U1, MPK B22F 3/20 published on November 14, 2017, bulletin No. 32). The disadvantages of the known press were the stationary, fixed installation of a mixer and a hopper, which led to compaction of the charge and separation of fractions, reducing the quality of the finished electrodes, the design of the receiving device was designed for electrodes of limited length, the design of the stripping washer was cylindrical with a threaded fastening, which leads to increased wear washer and requires increased labor intensity when replacing it.

The basis of the invention is the task of improving the design of a press for pressing electrodes in a semi-continuous manner, ensuring an improvement in the quality of the electrode itself, eliminating the separation of the poured charge into fractions due to gravity, the possibility of producing electrodes of various lengths, reducing the operational labor intensity of pressing electrodes and the ingot production process itself.

The problem is solved by the fact that the press for pressing electrodes includes a frame consisting of a base, an architrave, vertical columns, a movable traverse with a tool board, press dies, a mixing hopper, a container for the charge, a receiving device for electrodes, press washers, and The mixing hopper is made movable with the possibility of reciprocating movement along guides that are connected to the base of the press, and the receiving device for electrodes contains a support platform connected to counterweights through a system of blocks, and the lower part of the receiving device can be configured to accommodate canisters for electrodes, while the stripping washer is made integral with a bayonet lock.

Since in a press for pressing electrodes, the hopper-mixer is made movable with the possibility of reciprocating movement along guides that are connected to the base of the press, and the receiving device for electrodes contains a support platform connected to counterweights through a system of blocks, while the stripping washer is made composite, and the lower part of the receiving device can be made with the possibility of placing canisters for electrodes in it, and the stripping washer - with a bayonet lock, improves the quality of the charge by eliminating the separation of the backfilled charge into fractions due to gravity, the ability to manufacture electrodes of various lengths, reducing operational the complexity of pressing electrodes and the process of producing ingots.

The press for pressing electrodes contains a frame consisting of a base, an architrave, vertical columns, a movable traverse with a tool board, press dies, a mixing hopper, a container for the charge, a receiving device for electrodes, press washers, and the mixing hopper is made movable with the possibility of reciprocating movement along guides that are connected to the base of the press, and the receiving device for electrodes contains a support platform connected to counterweights through a system of blocks.

The lower part of the receiving device can be configured to accommodate electrode cases, while the stripping washer is made integral with a bayonet lock.

The press for pressing electrodes works as follows.

To feed the charge mixed from different fractions into the charge container, backfilling is used using a mechanized “mixing hopper”.

In the initial position, the mixing hopper is located away from the axis of the press under the weighing dispenser trestle. The mixing hopper is moved from the weighing dispensers to the press and back along an inclined guide.

Before filling the next portion into the charge container, the pressing traverse is moved to the maximum upper position, the tool board is moved to the middle position and the mixing hopper is fed to the press axis, followed by tilting it so that the mixed charge is poured into the charge container

To mix different fractions of the charge, the mixing hopper rotates while moving from the dispensers to the press, while the axis of rotation is inclined (concrete mixer principle).

Various gradients of the charge are initially poured into the hoppers of vibrodosers. Dispensers for each compact weigh the required portions by weight and “dump” them into the receiving funnel. From the funnel, the charge enters the mixing hopper, provided that the mixing hopper is located underneath it.

For pressing the electrodes, a container for the charge is designed in which replaceable working bushings are installed for the required diameter of the electrode. The container for the charge is equipped with an electric heater in the form of heating elements installed in a circle in the corresponding drilled channels, thereby heating the working sleeve throughout the entire volume.

This equipment design ensures heating of the charge particles, which increases their plasticity, and under the influence of pressure the particles adhere to each other and the output is a fairly strong electrode. In addition, under the influence of heating, the charge is partially degassed, and the pressing force is reduced by up to 20 times.

The electrode receiving system receives the pressed electrode from the press and moves it from the press axis for extraction by shop lifting and transport mechanisms for further processing.

From under the press, the electrode enters the electrode receiving system, which is installed under the press and receives the electrode vertically.

To guide the electrode after the container, a replaceable guide sleeve is installed at the base of the press.

The electrode receiving mechanism is a lifting mechanism that receives the pressed electrode and, with slight support, accompanies it as it exits the container downwards. Backup (electrode support) is carried out using a counterweight mechanism in the electrode receiving system.

Supporting the pressed-out part of the electrode during pressing makes it possible to prevent rupture of the electrodes during its production, which is especially important for producing long-length electrodes.

To prevent an uncontrolled fall of part of the electrode (in the case when a fragment separates from the electrode due to poor adhesion between the layers), the design includes a “trap” built on the basis of an overrunning clutch.

In normal mode, when the electrode is pressed, the electrode comes out from under the press into the pencil case and rests on the thrust bearing of the receiving mechanism. In this case, the electrode lifting drive rotates the input shaft of the overrunning clutch at a speed 5% higher than the speed at which the electrode leaves the press. In this case, the thrust bearing creates counter resistance on the electrode due to the weight of the counterweights. In the case when the electrode breaks and the torn fragment weighs more than the counterweight, then the overrunning clutch closes and the speed of lowering of the thrust bearing will be determined by the speed of rotation of the electric motor 5% greater than the speed of the electrode coming out from under the press during pressing).

At the end of the electrode pressing process, the electrode receiving mechanism moves out from under the press axis to the side. To unload the electrode from the canister, the electrode lifting drive changes direction, the overrunning clutch is locked and transmits torque to the pulleys, which, rotating, drag the chain and support heel upward, thus lifting the electrode for further mooring with a workshop crane.

To service the electrode receiving mechanism and to move the support heel in any direction without an electrode, a second auxiliary drive is provided, which is equipped with an electromagnetic clutch. When this clutch is turned on, the operator has the ability to manually move the support heel in both directions, both with and without an electrode, at a fixed speed.

To prevent bending of the electrode during pressing (leashes, bends, etc.), as well as to move it with a workshop crane without the risk of breaking the electrode, the electrode receiving system is equipped with a replaceable “case” into which the electrode falls directly during pressing. The electrode is removed from under the press with or without a pencil case. When producing in-line electrodes, the press must be equipped with several canisters for each electrode diameter.

The stripping press washer is used to clean the walls of the working sleeve of the container before pressing the next electrode. This ensures that the walls of the working sleeve are cleaned from work hardening formed after pressing the previous electrode, which improves the quality of the pressed electrode and reduces the likelihood of defects during pressing. The stripping press washer is installed in the container before pressing the next electrode and, after passing through the container, it ends up in the receiving device, from where it is removed for reuse.

To ensure the required performance, it is recommended to have a working stock of several press washers.

For ease of maintenance and quick change of press washers on the press stamp, as well as to increase the reliability of fixation, a bayonet fastening of the press washer is provided at the end of the press stamp

General algorithm of the press

1. The table with the charge container is located outside the press. The container is connected to a source of electricity and it is heated;

2. The mixing hopper is located under the weighing hopper;

3. The press traverse is raised as high as possible, the tool board is in the middle position. There are 2 press stamps installed on the tool board, one with a smooth press washer, the other with a figured one.

4. The electrode receiving mechanism is installed and fixed under the base and on the axis of the press. The receiving lever is at the top point.

Press cycle

1. The operator, using a workshop crane, installs a stopper in the container. The table slides onto the axis of the press and is fixed on the axis with threaded rods to the base.

2. The tool board is moved to the extreme position so that the press stamp with a smooth press washer fits onto the press axis.

3. The traverse is lowered down at idle speed. The cork begins to enter the container. To place it in the outlet part of the container, the working stroke of the press is turned on, and the plug is pressed into the outlet part of the container.

4. Return the traverse to the upper position and move the tool board to the middle position.

5. Dispensers measured the required amount of ligature and poured it into a funnel, from the funnel the charge fell into the mixing hopper;

6. The mixer begins to move along the guide towards the press, while simultaneously tilting the axis of rotation and rotating the hopper body.

7. The mixer, having reached the edge of the guide, tips its contents into the funnel of the container;

8. The tool board is moved to the extreme position so that the press stamp with a shaped press washer fits onto the press axis.

9. The idle stroke is performed under the influence of gravity, followed by the working stroke;

10. The pressed electrode begins to emerge from the bottom of the charge container and enters the canister of the electrode receiving system.

11. By weighing and filling the charge into a container many times, followed by pressing each portion, we obtain an output electrode of the required length;

12. To cut off the electrode of the required length after the next filling, a separating plate (made of sheet metal) of the appropriate diameter is placed in the charge container and pressing occurs with a flat press washer.

13. When the separated electrode comes out completely from the press, it is located in the receiving mechanism. The electrode receiving mechanism moves from the press axis to the side to unload the canister with the electrode using a workshop crane;

14. The pencil case together with the electrode is removed from the receiving system, a new pencil case is installed;

15. The press returns to its original position for the next pressing cycle.

Thus, the proposed design of a stand for pressing electrodes provides an improvement in the quality of the charge, eliminating gravity and separation of the charge into fractions, the possibility of producing electrodes of various lengths, especially long ones, reducing the operating labor intensity of the press and the production process itself.

Claims (3)

1. A press for pressing electrodes, containing a frame consisting of a base, an architrave, vertical columns, a movable traverse, press dies, a mixing hopper, a container for the charge, a receiving device for electrodes, press washers, characterized in that the mixing hopper made movable with the possibility of reciprocating movement along guides that are mounted on the base of the press, and the receiving device for electrodes contains a support platform connected to counterweights through a system of blocks, while the stripping washer is made composite. 2. The press according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the receiving device is designed to accommodate canisters for electrodes. 3. Press according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the stripping washer is made with a bayonet lock.