RU2817493C1 - Device for processing carbon-containing wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: various technological processes; processing of wastes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to installations for thermal processing of carbon-containing wastes by steam pyrolysis. Device for processing carbon-containing wastes comprises three pyrolysis chambers arranged on shelves of the rack one above the other, and a cooling chamber is located under them. Each pyrolysis chamber comprises a housing in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with double side walls forming a cavity for gas passage between them. In the upper part of each pyrolysis chamber branch pipes are mounted, combined into a collector connected to the inlet collector of the pyrolysis gases condenser, which is connected to pyrolysis gases condenser coil, which is connected to three-phase settler, which is connected to a unit for catalytic purification of gas emissions, with a reservoir for collecting liquid hydrocarbons and with a reservoir for collecting contaminated water. Inside each pyrolysis chamber and cooling chamber there is a conveyor containing three closed conveyor belts installed one above the other. Second closed conveyor belt is horizontally offset relative to the first and third conveyor belts. Inside the lower part of each pyrolysis chamber there is a pipe, in which nozzles are installed, which are located at equal distance from each other, one end of the pipe is plugged, and the other one is connected to a steam superheater and a steam generator. Above the first pyrolysis chamber, closer to its outlet branch pipe, a discharge branch pipe of the first sluice gate is mounted, from below into the first pyrolysis chamber, closer to the other end, a loading branch pipe of the second sluice gate is tightly installed, which connects the first pyrolysis chamber with the second pyrolysis chamber. Discharge branch pipe of the second sluice gate is installed in the second pyrolysis chamber, which is connected by the discharge pipe of the third sluice gate to the third pyrolysis chamber, wherein the design of the second pyrolysis chamber is similar to the first and third pyrolysis chambers, but is turned through 180° relative to them in horizontal plane. Third pyrolysis chamber is connected by the discharge branch pipe of the third sluice gate with the second pyrolysis chamber and the loading branch pipe of the fourth sluice gate with a cooling chamber. Inside the lower part of the cooling chamber there is a pipe with nozzles, one end of which is plugged, and the other is connected to the outlet branch pipe of the nitrogen-water heat exchanger through a nitrogen pump. In the upper part of the cooling chamber there are outlet branch pipes integrated into a collector connected to a cyclone-dust collector, lower part of which serves as a hopper for collecting volatile dust, at the bottom of the cooling chamber, closer to its other end, a loading branch pipe of the fifth sluice gate is connected, discharge branch pipe is directed into carbon residue collection hopper. Three-phase settler is made in the form of horizontally located cylinder, end parts of which are rounded.

EFFECT: recycling rubber, wood wastes and oil sludge to obtain condensed pyrolysis gases and carbon residue.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to installations for the thermal processing of carbon-containing waste by steam pyrolysis, and can be used for the recycling of rubber, wood waste and oil sludge to produce carbon residue and condensed pyrolysis gases, namely liquid hydrocarbons, organically contaminated water and carbon residue.

A known device for processing carbon-containing waste [RU 2202589 C2, IPC (2000.01) C10G1/10, C08J11/10, F23G5/027, F23G5/20, publ. 04/20/2003], containing a horizontal rotating reactor for carrying out the first cracking reaction and loading residues from the first cracking into a reactor with a screw mixer for carrying out the second cracking reaction, a device for collecting hydrocarbons, including a condenser, a tank for collecting hydrocarbons and a reservoir with a hydraulic seal. The horizontal rotating reactor contains a first cylindrical body, a spur gear forming a loop on the outer wall of the cylindrical body, a screw steel strip mounted on the inner wall of the cylindrical body, a loading device mounted on one end of the horizontal rotating reactor, and a first processing chamber mounted on the other. end of a horizontal rotating reactor. The horizontal rotating reactor also has a device for internal heating. The loading device contains a screw feeder or a feeder with a reciprocating mechanism.

The reactor with a screw mixer contains a second cylindrical body, to one end of which a first processing chamber is connected, a screw mixer installed in the second cylindrical body, a second processing chamber installed at the other end of the second cylindrical body, and a screw release device installed in the bottom parts of the second processing chamber. The pre-treatment device is made in the form of a horizontal screw reactor.

The temperature in a horizontal rotating reactor is maintained at 350-600 °C, and in a reactor with a screw stirrer - at 600-1200 °C. The temperature during the first catalytic cracking is maintained at 400-500 °C, and during the second catalytic cracking - at 600-800 °C. Catalyst SR-1 is used as a catalyst.

The design of the device does not allow obtaining a carbon residue that meets the requirements of useful raw materials due to the impossibility of ensuring the process is carried out in a water vapor environment, and also makes it impossible to use the steam released as a result of cracking to create a reaction medium that ensures the production of condensable pyrolysis gases.

A known device for processing carbon-containing waste [RU 2408819 C1, IPC F23G5/00 (2006.01), publ. 01/10/2011], which contains a loading device, a reactor for pyrolysis, consisting of a vertical housing with loading, reaction and ash chambers located inside it, equipped with a vapor-gas mixture outlet located in the upper part of the housing, as well as sluice dispensers for loading raw materials with a receiving hopper and a hopper for unloading solid residue, as well as an annular combustion chamber located in the lower part of the reactor around its reaction chamber, communicating with the reaction chamber of the reactor by radial outlets, equipped with a tangential supply of return gas and air through a burner with a device for ionization and arc ignition of the introduced fuel components, and vapor-gas mixture separation system. A skip hoist with a self-unloading bucket is used as a loading device for supplying raw materials to the receiving hopper. The reactor is equipped with a grate located in the lower part of the housing between the annular combustion and ash chambers and containing rotary drives. The vapor-gas mixture separation system contains two sequentially installed ejector scrubbers with two interchangeable liquid fraction filters, two condensers, a drop eliminator and a cooling water circulation system containing an air cooling apparatus, a liquid fraction collector and a pump. Sluice dispensers for loading raw materials and unloading solid residue contain upper and lower movable gates with seals and drives, between which fixed sluice tanks are located. The sluice tank of the solid residue unloading dispenser is equipped with two annular collectors with channels for water supply.

The design of the reactor does not allow the process to be implemented in a water vapor environment and to obtain high-quality condensable pyrolysis gases, which is possible due to the occurrence of reactions between the raw material and water vapor in the pyrolysis chamber.

A known device for processing carbon-containing waste [RU 2416053 C2, IPC F23G5/02 (2006.01), F23G5/12 (2006.01), publ. 04/10/2011], chosen as a prototype, which contains two sealed horizontal reactors installed one above the other. The upper reactor is a drying reactor, the lower reactor is a pyrolysis reactor. The reactors are equipped with screw feeders, waste product collection chambers, outlet channels for the vapor-gas mixture, a screw unloader for the solid component from the pyrolysis chamber, and a flue gas outlet channel. The pyrolysis reactor is equipped with gas burners for heating up to 450-500 °C. In the reactors, bladed augers are installed on fixed hollow axes. A gas burner is installed in the hollow axis of the pyrolysis reactor. The drying reactor is heated to 150-200 °C from the outside by exhaust flue gases, the temperature of which is regulated by a network of pipes installed between the reactors, as well as by pumping cold air and/or process gas through them and pumping heated gases through the hollow axis. Half-pipes are welded to the lower part of the reactor vessel to supply process gas into the reactor cavity through holes in the reactor vessel. Rotating blade augers are assembled from two oppositely wound and welded strips with the same pitch with the possibility of rotation on a fixed axis, where a vertical strip is wound along the upper strip and the blades are welded. The auger blades have scrapers at the ends, mounted with a backward slope.

The tightness of the device, ensured by the compaction of carbon-containing waste with a screw feeder, is insufficient. This makes the implementation of the process in a water vapor environment impossible due to the constant supply of air oxygen through leaks, thereby preventing the production of high-quality condensable pyrolysis products. The absence of a cooling chamber for the carbon residue worsens the quality of the carbon residue, since without a cooling chamber it slowly smolders, as a result, the amount of carbon decreases, and the mineral part in the total mass of the carbon residue increases.

The technical result of the proposed invention is the creation of a device for processing carbon-containing waste, allowing the disposal of rubber, wood waste and oil sludge to produce condensed pyrolysis gases and carbon residue.

The device for processing carbon-containing waste, as in the prototype, contains a pyrolysis chamber equipped with an inlet pipe for connection to a source of flue gases and an outlet pipe connected to a chimney.

According to the invention, a device for processing carbon-containing waste contains a frame in the form of a rack and additionally two pyrolysis chambers. All pyrolysis chambers are located on the shelves of the rack, one under the other, and under them there is a cooling chamber. Each pyrolysis chamber contains a body in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with double side walls, forming a cavity between them for the passage of gas. In the upper part of each pyrolysis chamber, pipes are mounted, combined into a manifold connected to the inlet manifold of the pyrolysis gas condenser, which is connected to the pyrolysis gas condenser coil, which is connected to a three-phase settling tank, which is connected to a catalytic purification unit for gas emissions, to a liquid hydrocarbon collection tank and with a reservoir for collecting organically contaminated water. Inside each pyrolysis chamber and cooling chamber there is a conveyor containing three closed conveyor belts installed one above the other. The second closed conveyor belt is horizontally offset relative to the first and third conveyor belts. A discharge pipe of the first sluice valve is mounted on top of the first pyrolysis chamber, closer to its outlet pipe. From below, into the first pyrolysis chamber, closer to the other end, the loading pipe of the second sluice valve is hermetically mounted, connecting the first pyrolysis chamber with the second pyrolysis chamber. The discharge pipe of the second sluice valve is installed in the second pyrolysis chamber, which is connected by the discharge pipe of the third sluice gate to the third pyrolysis chamber. The design of the second pyrolysis chamber is similar to the first and third pyrolysis chambers, but is rotated 180° relative to them in the horizontal plane. Inside the lower part of each pyrolysis chamber there is a pipe in which nozzles are mounted, located at an equal distance from each other. One end of the pipe is plugged, and the other is connected to the superheater and steam generator. The third pyrolysis chamber is connected by the discharge pipe of the third sluice gate with the second pyrolysis chamber and the loading pipe of the fourth sluice gate with the cooling chamber. A pipe with nozzles is installed inside the lower part of the cooling chamber, one end of which is plugged, and the other is connected to the outlet pipe of the nitrogen-water heat exchanger through a nitrogen transfer pump. In the upper part of the cooling chamber there are outlet pipes, combined into a collector connected to a cyclone-dust collector, the lower part of which serves as a hopper for collecting volatile dust. At the bottom of the cooling chamber, closer to its other end, the loading pipe of the fifth sluice valve is connected, the discharge pipe of which is directed to the carbon residue collection hopper.

The three-phase settling tank is made in the form of a horizontally located cylinder, the end parts of which are rounded. At the top of one end part of the settling tank there is a pipe, the end of which is expanded, forming a gas separation compartment with a vertical pipe for the outlet of non-condensable pyrolysis gases and a pipe for the input of pyrolysis condensate. The bottom of the three-phase settling tank is equipped with a pipe for introducing hot water into a horizontally located perforated manifold, above which there is a first perforated plate, the ends of which are fixed to the internal stiffeners, as well as a pipe for the output of water contaminated with organic matter. Above the first perforated plate, distributors in the form of metal corners with holes are evenly welded to the inner side surface of the three-phase settling tank, so that their corner part is directed upward. Above the metal corners there is a collection of liquid hydrocarbons in the form of a horizontal perforated hollow cylinder, into which a fitting for draining liquid hydrocarbons is mounted on top. In the upper part of the three-phase settling tank there is a pipe equipped with a plug. A second perforated plate is welded horizontally to the inner side surface of the other end part of the three-phase settling tank and to one plugged end of the liquid hydrocarbon collector. A third perforated plate is welded horizontally to the other plugged end of the cylinder and to the inner side surface of the three-phase settling tank. A level gauge is installed inside the three-phase settling tank. Between the hot water inlet pipes and the outlet pipe for water contaminated with organic matter, a plate is vertically fixed at the bottom, the end of which is passed through a cutout in the first perforated plate. An L-shaped pipe with a damper for the passage of pyrolysis gases when the pressure is released is mounted on top of the three-phase settling tank between the vertical outlet pipe of non-condensable pyrolysis gases and the fitting for the removal of liquid hydrocarbons. The vertical outlet pipe of non-condensable pyrolysis gases is connected to a unit for catalytic purification of gas emissions, the outlet of which is connected to the chimney.

The pyrolysis gas condenser is made in the form of a rectangular housing, inside of which there is a stainless steel coil; at the bottom of the housing there is a water supply pipe, and at the top - a water drain pipe.

The five sluice gates are made identically and each contains a cylindrical body equipped with a loading pipe on top and a discharge pipe on the bottom. Inside the sluice gate, on a bearing support, there is a shaft connected to a gear motor, on which six radial brass blades are mounted.

Each closed conveyor belt is made of stainless steel in the form of a woven mesh of stamped links with continuous overlaid H-shaped cells and is stretched between the driving and driven drums. The axes of the driving and driven drums are installed in support bearing units located outside the large side walls of the corresponding pyrolysis chamber, and are connected through a gearbox to an electric motor.

The proposed device differs from the prototype in the method of supplying thermal energy, the environment where the process takes place, the presence of a constant temperature field. The device provides the necessary temperature conditions in each pyrolysis chamber due to the water vapor and flue gases supplied to them. As a result of supplying water steam at a given temperature and in a given quantity, reactions of interaction of water steam with carbon-containing waste occur with the formation of hydrogen-containing gas in each pyrolysis chamber, which improves the quality of condensed pyrolysis gases by reducing the content of unsaturated compounds as a result of hydrogenation. The introduction of water vapor into each pyrolysis chamber leads to a controlled change in the partial pressure of pyrolysis gases, and an impact on the secondary decomposition reactions of carbon-containing waste.

The use of a cooling chamber makes it possible to obtain a carbon residue in the form of charcoal at the output of the device, which can be used in the future to produce carbon black. To do this, it is necessary to remove the mineral part from it using acids, in a mixture of hydrochloric acid and isopropyl alcohol with water, and then in caustic soda.

A pyrolysis gas condenser and a three-phase settling tank make it possible to decompose pyrolysis gases into: non-condensable pyrolysis gases, liquid hydrocarbons and water contaminated with organic matter. Liquid hydrocarbons can be decomposed into fractions: light (at a decomposition temperature of less than 180 °C), medium (at a decomposition temperature of 180-350 °C) and heavy (at a decomposition temperature of more than 350 °C). Water contaminated with organic matter can be used as a secondary energy resource and burned as part of water-coal fuel.

Thus, the proposed device makes it possible to obtain a carbon residue and liquid hydrocarbons that meet the requirements of useful raw materials by implementing the process in a water vapor environment, ensuring the tightness of the pyrolysis reaction chambers, supplying water vapor to them and removing pyrolysis gases from them, as well as by adjusting the parameters process by changing the conveyor rotation speed, temperature and flow rate of flue gases and water vapor.

In fig. Figure 1 shows a device for processing carbon-containing waste.

A device for processing carbon-containing waste contains a frame in the form of a rack, on the shelves of which three pyrolysis chambers 1, 2, 3 and a cooling chamber 4 are installed one under the other.

The first, upper, pyrolysis chamber 1 contains a housing 5 in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with double side walls, forming a cavity 6 between them for the passage of gas, which at the end of the chamber 1 is connected by an inlet pipe 7 to a source of flue gases, and by an outlet pipe 8 to a chimney . The outside surface of the pyrolysis chamber 1 is thermally insulated with ceramic wool 9.

The first sluice gate 10 is made in the form of a horizontally located cylindrical body, equipped with a loading pipe on top and a discharge pipe on the bottom. Inside the cylindrical body, a shaft is mounted on a bearing support, on which six radial brass blades are mounted. The shaft is connected to a gear motor. The discharge pipe of the first sluice valve 10 is hermetically mounted from above into the first pyrolysis chamber 1, closer to its outlet pipe 8, through a flange connection with a copper gasket.

From below, in the first pyrolysis chamber 1, closer to its other end, the loading pipe of the second sluice valve 11 is hermetically mounted through a flange connection with a copper gasket, connecting the first pyrolysis chamber 1 with the second pyrolysis chamber 2. The first 10 and the second sluice valve 11 are made identically.

Inside the first pyrolysis chamber 1 there is a conveyor 12 containing three closed conveyor belts installed one above the other with a horizontal displacement of the second closed conveyor belt relative to the first and third closed conveyor belts. Each closed conveyor belt is made of stainless steel in the form of a woven mesh of stamped links with continuous overlaid H-shaped cells and is stretched between the driving and driven drums. The axes of the driving and driven drums are installed in support bearing units located outside the large side walls of the pyrolysis chamber 1, and are connected through a gearbox to the first electric motor.

At the bottom of the first pyrolysis chamber 1 there is a horizontal pipe 13, one end of which is plugged and the other is connected to the superheater. Nozzles are installed in pipe 13 at equal distances from each other.

Inside the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber 1, pipes 14 are mounted, combined into a manifold 15. The manifold 15 is connected to the input manifold 16 of the pyrolysis gas condenser 17.

The pyrolysis gas condenser 17 is made in the form of a rectangular housing 17, inside of which a stainless steel coil 18 is located. At the bottom, housing 17 is equipped with a water supply pipe, and at the top - with a water drain pipe. The coil 18 is connected by an inlet pipe to an inlet manifold 16 and an outlet pipe 19 with a three-phase settling tank 20.

The three-phase settling tank 20 is made in the form of a horizontally located cylinder, the end parts of which are rounded. At the top of one end part of the settling tank 20 there is a pipe 21 connected by a pipe to the outlet pipe 19 of the coil 18. Inside the three-phase settling tank 20, the end of the pipe 21 is expanded, forming a gas separation compartment 22 with a vertical pipe 23 for the output of non-condensable pyrolysis gases and an input pipe 24 for the pyrolysis condensate.

The bottom of the three-phase settling tank 20 is equipped with a hot water input pipe 25 into a horizontally located perforated manifold 26, above which there is a first perforated plate 27, the ends of which are fixed to the internal stiffeners of the three-phase settling tank 20, and an output pipe 28 contaminated with organic matter. Above the first perforated plate 27 k On the inner side surface of the three-phase settling tank 20, distributors are uniformly welded in the form of metal corners 29 with holes, so that their corner part is directed upward.

Above the metal corners 29 there is a collection of liquid hydrocarbons 30 in the form of a horizontal perforated hollow cylinder into which a fitting 31 is mounted on top for draining liquid hydrocarbons. In the upper part of the three-phase settling tank 20 there is a pipe 32 equipped with a plug.

A second perforated plate 33 is welded horizontally to the inner side surface of the other end part of the three-phase settler 20 and to one plugged end of the liquid hydrocarbon collector 30. A third perforated plate 34 is welded horizontally to the other plugged end of the cylinder 30 and to the inner side surface of the three-phase settler 20.

A level gauge 35 is installed inside the three-phase settling tank 20. Between the hot water inlet pipes 25 and the outlet pipe 28 for organically contaminated water, a plate 36 is vertically fixed at the bottom of the three-phase settling tank 20, the end of which is passed through a cutout in the first perforated plate 27.

An L-shaped pipe 37 with a damper for the passage of pyrolysis gases when the pressure is released is mounted on top of the three-phase settling tank 20 between the vertical pipe 23 for the outlet of non-condensable pyrolysis gases and the fitting 31 for the removal of liquid hydrocarbons.

The vertical pipe 23 of the outlet of non-condensable pyrolysis gases is connected to the catalytic purification unit for gas emissions 38 [SafeCAT, “Safe Technologies”, Russia, https://safecat.ru/about], the outlet of which is connected to the chimney.

The second pyrolysis chamber 2 is connected by the discharge pipe of the second sluice valve 11 with the first pyrolysis chamber 1 through a flange connection with a copper gasket, and through the loading pipe of the sluice gate 39 - with the third pyrolysis chamber 3.

The second pyrolysis chamber 2 contains a body in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with double side walls to form a cavity for the passage of gas 40 with an inlet pipe 41 and an outlet pipe 42, a conveyor 43, a pipe 44, one end of which is plugged and the other is connected to the superheater. Nozzles located at equal distances from each other are mounted in pipe 44. Inside the upper part of the second pyrolysis chamber 2, pipes 45 are mounted, combined into a manifold 46, connected by a pipe 47 to the inlet manifold 16 of the pyrolysis gas condenser 17. From the outside, the surface of the second pyrolysis chamber 2 is thermally insulated with ceramic wool.

The design of the second pyrolysis chamber 2 is identical to the design of the first pyrolysis chamber 1, the only difference is that the second pyrolysis chamber 2 is rotated 180° degrees in the horizontal plane relative to the first pyrolysis chamber 1.

The third pyrolysis chamber 3 is connected by the discharge pipe of the third sluice valve 39 to the second pyrolysis chamber through a flange connection with a copper gasket, and through the loading pipe of the fourth sluice gate 48 to the cooling chamber 4.

The third pyrolysis chamber 3 is identical to the first pyrolysis chamber 1 and contains the third 39 and fourth 48 sluice gates, a conveyor 49, a pipe 50 in which nozzles are mounted, pipes 51 combined into a manifold 52 connected by a pipe 53 to the inlet manifold 16 of the pyrolysis gas condenser 17 , a gas passage cavity 54 formed between the double walls of the housing.

Under the third pyrolysis chamber 3 there is a cooling chamber 4, with which the third pyrolysis chamber 3 is connected by a fourth sluice valve 48. The discharge pipe of the fourth sluice valve 48 is hermetically mounted from above into the cooling chamber 4, closer to its end, through a flange connection with a gasket.

The cooling chamber 4 contains a housing 55 in the form of a parallelepiped, the same size as the first 1, second 2 and third 3 pyrolysis chambers. Inside the cooling chamber 4 there is a conveyor 56 containing three closed conveyor belts installed one above the other with an offset in the horizontal plane.

Inside the upper part of the housing 55 there are outlet pipes 57, combined into a collector 58 connected to a cyclone-dust collector 59, the lower part of which serves as a hopper for collecting volatile dust. The outlet of the cyclone 59 is connected to a nitrogen-water heat exchanger 60. A pipe 61 is installed inside the lower part of the housing 55, into which nozzles are mounted. One end of the pipe 61 is plugged, and the other is connected by a pipeline to the outlet pipe 62 of the nitrogen-water heat exchanger 60 through a nitrogen pump (not shown in Fig. 1).

At the bottom of the cooling chamber 4, closer to its other end, the loading pipe of the fifth sluice valve 63 is connected through a flange connection with a gasket, the discharge pipe of which is connected to the carbon residue collection hopper.

Rubber in the form of worn-out tires, oil sludge, wood chips and/or sawdust from woodworking production can be used as carbon-containing waste. Before use, carbon-containing waste is subjected to preparation: rubber is crushed to a particle size of 7x1x7 cm, wood waste is crushed to the level of technical chips, and oil sludge is sieved due to the adhesive properties of mechanical impurities: clay, metal oxides, sand.

Carbon-containing waste of one type is fed through a sluice gate 10 to a conveyor 12 located in the first pyrolysis chamber 1, heated by flue gases with a temperature of 400 °C entering the cavity 6 through the inlet pipe 7 and leaving it through the outlet pipe 8 into the chimney. The source of flue gases can be boilers using any organic fuel that can maintain the specified temperature.

Moving along conveyor 12, carbon-containing waste interacts with water vapor supplied from the steam generator through a superheater into the pyrolysis chamber 1 at a temperature of 300 °C from the nozzles of pipe 13 with a flow rate of 0.5 kg of steam per 1 kg of carbon-containing waste. Having passed along the conveyor 12, carbon-containing waste is poured into the sluice gate 11.

The pyrolysis gases released during the reaction enter through pipes 14 into the manifold 15, then into the inlet manifold 16 and the coil 18 of the pyrolysis gas condenser 17. In the condenser 17 pyrolysis gases are cooled due to the circulation of cooling water. Cooled pyrolysis gases enter the three-phase settling tank 20 through pipe 21, where in the gas separation compartment 22 they are separated into non-condensable pyrolysis gases and pyrolysis condensate. Pyrolysis gases are a mixture of condensable and non-condensable pyrolysis gases. Condensed gases, which transform into pyrolysis condensate upon cooling, are a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and water contaminated with organic matter.

Non-condensable pyrolysis gases enter pipe 21, which leave the three-phase settling tank 20 through pipe 23 for the outlet of non-condensable pyrolysis gases, and enter the catalytic purification unit for gas emissions 38, where, after reacting, they go into the chimney and then into the atmosphere.

Through pipe 24, the pyrolysis condensate enters the cavity of the three-phase settling tank 20, inside which it mixes with hot water, which comes from the water drain pipe of the pyrolysis gas condenser 17, passing through the perforated manifold 26 and the perforated plate 27 and mixes with the pyrolysis condensate, forming a suspension. Due to the difference in the densities of liquid hydrocarbons and hot water, the suspension stratifies. Hot water, together with water contaminated with organic matter, passing under the metal corners 29, overflowing through the vertically located plate 36, leaves the three-phase settling tank 20 through the pipe 28 into the collection tank for contaminated organic water. Liquid hydrocarbons, separated from the water, passing through the holes of the metal corners 29 of the second perforated plate 33 and the third perforated plate 34 enter the liquid hydrocarbon collection 30 through the perforated holes in it, and then through the fitting 31 enter the liquid hydrocarbon collection tank. The second perforated plate 33 and the third perforated plate 34 serve to seal the separating layer between liquid hydrocarbons and water. Using a level gauge 35 in a three-phase settling tank 20, the supply of hot water and the removal of liquid hydrocarbons and water contaminated with organic matter are regulated

After processing in the first pyrolysis chamber 1, carbon-containing waste through the second sluice gate 11 enters the conveyor 43 of the second pyrolysis chamber 2, heated by flue gases with a temperature of 500 °C, coming from the source of flue gases into the cavity 40 through the inlet pipe 41 and leaving it through the outlet pipe 47. Moving along the conveyor 43, carbon-containing waste interacts with water vapor supplied from the superheater from the steam generator to the chamber at a temperature of 400 °C from the nozzles of pipe 44 with a flow rate of 0.4 kg of steam per 1 kg of carbon-containing waste. Having passed along the conveyor 43, carbon-containing waste is poured into the third sluice gate 39.

The pyrolysis gases released during the reaction enter through pipes 45 into the manifold 46, and then through pipe 47 into the inlet manifold 16, and then through the pyrolysis gas condenser coil 18, pipe 21 into the three-phase settling tank 20.

After processing in the second pyrolysis chamber 2, carbon-containing waste through the third sluice gate 39 enters the conveyor 49 of the third pyrolysis chamber 3, heated by flue gases coming from the source of flue gases into the cavity 54 with a temperature of 600 ° C through the inlet pipe and leaving it through the outlet pipe branch. Moving along the conveyor 49, carbon-containing waste interacts with water vapor supplied to the chamber from the superheater from the steam generator at a temperature of 500 °C from the nozzles of pipe 50 with a flow rate of 0.23 kg of steam per 1 kg of carbon-containing waste. Having passed along the conveyor 49, carbon-containing waste is poured into the fourth sluice gate 48.

The pyrolysis gases released during the reaction enter through pipes 51 into the manifold 52, then into the inlet manifold 16 and the pyrolysis gas condenser coil 18 through pipe 53. The process then occurs in the condenser 17 and the three-phase settling tank 20, which is described above.

Consecutively, passing through pyrolysis chambers 1, 2 and 3 and reacting in them, carbon-containing waste is converted into a carbon residue. The carbon residue through the fourth airlock 48 enters the conveyor 56 of the cooling chamber 4. Nitrogen is pumped into the cooling chamber 4 through a pipe 61 with nozzles from a nitrogen cylinder, which is located between the cyclone-dust collector 59 and the nitrogen-water heat exchanger 60 (not shown in Fig. 1). shown). When filling a cylinder with nitrogen on the reducer, the required nitrogen pressure is set to compensate for losses, and then the nitrogen transfer pump operates, through which pipes 61 and 62 are connected to each other. The nitrogen flow rate is selected in such a way that the temperature of the carbon residue at the outlet of the cooling chamber 4 is lower 100 °C.

Next, the resulting carbon residue enters through the fifth sluice gate 63 into the carbon residue collection hopper.

Claims (4)

1. A device for processing carbon-containing waste, containing a pyrolysis chamber equipped with an inlet pipe for connection to a source of flue gases and an outlet pipe connected to a chimney, characterized in that it contains a frame in the form of a rack and additionally two pyrolysis chambers, all of which are pyrolysis chambers located on the shelves of the rack one below the other, and below them there is a cooling chamber, each pyrolysis chamber contains a body in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with double side walls, forming a cavity between them for the passage of gas, in the upper part of each pyrolysis chamber there are pipes mounted, combined into a manifold, connected to the inlet manifold of the pyrolysis gas condenser, which is connected to the pyrolysis gas condenser coil, which is connected to a three-phase settling tank, which is connected to the catalytic purification unit for gas emissions, to a liquid hydrocarbon collection tank and to a collection tank for organically contaminated water, inside each pyrolysis chamber and chamber cooling, a conveyor is installed containing three closed conveyor belts installed one above the other, the second closed conveyor belt is horizontally displaced relative to the first and third conveyor belts, the unloading pipe of the first sluice gate is mounted on top of the first pyrolysis chamber closer to its outlet pipe, and from below in the first pyrolysis chamber closer to the other end, the loading pipe of the second sluice valve is hermetically mounted, connecting the first pyrolysis chamber with the second pyrolysis chamber, the discharge pipe of the second sluice gate is installed in the second pyrolysis chamber, which is connected by the discharge pipe of the third sluice gate to the third pyrolysis chamber, and the design of the second pyrolysis chamber is similar the first and third pyrolysis chambers, but rotated 180° relative to them in the horizontal plane, inside the lower part of each pyrolysis chamber there is a pipe in which nozzles are mounted, located at an equal distance from each other, one end of the pipe is plugged, and the other is connected to the superheater and a steam generator, the third pyrolysis chamber is connected by the unloading pipe of the third sluice gate with the second pyrolysis chamber and the loading pipe of the fourth sluice gate with the cooling chamber, inside the lower part of the cooling chamber there is a pipe with nozzles, one end of which is plugged and the other is connected to the outlet pipe of the nitrogen-water heat exchanger through a nitrogen pump, while in the upper part of the cooling chamber there are outlet pipes installed, combined into a collector connected to a cyclone-dust collector, the lower part of which serves as a hopper for collecting volatile dust; at the bottom of the cooling chamber, closer to its other end, the loading pipe of the fifth sluice gate is connected, the discharge pipe of which is directed to the carbon residue collection hopper, while the three-phase settling tank is made in the form of a horizontally located cylinder, the end parts of which are rounded, at the top of one end part of the settler there is a pipe, the end of which is expanded, forming a gas separation compartment with a vertical pipe for the outlet of non-condensable pyrolysis gases and a pipe input of pyrolysis condensate, the bottom of the three-phase settling tank is equipped with a pipe for introducing hot water into a horizontally located perforated manifold, above which there is a first perforated plate, the ends of which are fixed to the internal stiffeners, as well as a pipe for the output of water contaminated with organic matter, above the first perforated plate to the inner side surface three-phase settling tank, distributors in the form of metal corners with holes are uniformly welded so that their angular part is directed upward, above the metal corners there is a collection of liquid hydrocarbons in the form of a horizontal perforated hollow cylinder, into which a fitting for draining liquid hydrocarbons is mounted on top, in the upper part of the three-phase settling tank there is a pipe equipped with a plug, a second perforated plate is welded horizontally to the inner side surface of the other end part of the three-phase settler and to one plugged end of the liquid hydrocarbon collector, a third perforated plate is welded horizontally to the other plugged end of the cylinder and to the inner side surface of the three-phase settler, and a third perforated plate is installed inside the three-phase settler level gauge, between the hot water inlet pipes and the outlet pipe for contaminated water with organics, a plate is vertically fixed at the bottom, the end of which is passed through a cutout in the first perforated plate; a pipe with a damper for the passage of pyrolysis gases when the pressure is released, the vertical outlet pipe of non-condensable pyrolysis gases is connected to a catalytic purification unit for gas emissions, the outlet of which is connected to the chimney. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrolysis gas condenser is made in the form of a rectangular housing, inside of which a stainless steel coil is placed, at the bottom of the housing is equipped with a water supply pipe, and at the top with a water drain pipe. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the five sluice gates are made identically and each contains a cylindrical body equipped with a loading pipe on top and a discharge pipe on the bottom; inside the sluice gate there is a shaft mounted on a bearing support, connected to a gear motor, on in which six radial blades made of brass are fixed. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that each closed conveyor belt is made of stainless steel in the form of a woven mesh of stamped links with continuous superimposed H-shaped cells and is stretched between the driving and driven drums, with the axes of the driving and driven drums installed in support bearing units located outside the large side walls of the corresponding pyrolysis chamber, and connected through a gearbox to an electric motor.