RU2814872C2 - Off-road vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: off-road vehicles. The vehicle includes a body, chassis and a control system with a control panel. The bottom of the body is a planing surface. The bottom is equipped with four stiffening ribs, two movable skis, and four brake flaps. The chassis is located on both sides of the body and contains a transmission, four rotating suspension arms, four rotating suspension springs, and four-wheel pairs. The wheels are connected in pairs and located symmetrically relative to the rotation axes of the rotating travel springs. Each wheel pair is equipped with a ski with a planing surface. Inside the cavity of the ski there is a rod with a mechanism for extending from the internal cavity and retracting. The mechanism consists of a mini electric worm gear motor and an autonomous power source. The transmission is designed with the possibility of multi-level damping of power impulses and includes a drive for each wheel pair. The drive consists of a worm gear and a motor.

EFFECT: increased manoeuvrability is achieved.

42 cl, 42 dwg

Description

The invention relates to special self-propelled vehicles with high cross-country ability and can be used as transport in combat air, land or underwater robots; as a transport for military purposes, as a transport for special forces, and also as a patrol vessel for the border service and coast guard; as transport for the Ministry of Emergency Situations; for the protection of forests and reserves; for extinguishing fires, both from the air and from the ground; as an ambulance transport; as a transport for oil workers - when equipped with thermal imagers, radio and telemetry systems, it can be used as a laboratory for detecting oil and gas output, servicing prospecting and geological exploration, and supporting work in Arctic conditions; as transport for serving passengers between settlements located in hard-to-reach places that do not have access to roads for year-round use; as a transport for environmental monitoring; as transport for businessmen and travelers; as transport for hunters and fishermen.

A cross-country vehicle is known, consisting of a body, a chassis and a control system with a control panel (RF patent No. 2554900, B62D 57/028, publ. 06/27/2015).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the limited level of cross-country ability when overcoming fairly strong mud roads, snowy spaces and the unreasonably high fuel consumption when overcoming these spaces, the impossibility of overcoming water spaces, the impossibility of using it for transporting passengers, since there is a high probability of frequent overturning of the hull on its side.

A jumping vehicle is known, including a body, a chassis and a control system with a control panel (RF patent No. 2259298, B62D 57/02, published on August 27, 2005).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that it has low maneuverability in muddy roads and snow; in addition, due to the dynamic overloads that arise, it is impossible to use it for transporting passengers, and low reliability of the interaction of the propulsion drive units.

The purpose of the proposed technical solution is to create an all-season, all-weather off-road vehicle with super cross-country ability in off-road conditions for year-round communication between populated areas located in hard-to-reach areas remote from the “mainland”, both with and without passengers and having additional functions , for example, the ability to take off and fly over relatively short distances.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to increase the maneuverability, cross-country ability and “survivability” of the Vehicle, for example, without tipping the body on its side due to an improved design, including an improved chassis, through various specified combined movements of structural elements with the ability to overcome obstacles in different environments, in non-standard driving conditions, also the proposed technical solution eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages given in analogues, while the off-road vehicle includes a body, a chassis and a control system with a control panel, the bottom of the body is a planing surface and is equipped with four stiffeners, located along the bottom of the hull in pairs on both sides of the bottom of the hull, two movable skis located between the stiffeners along the entire length of the bottom, where each movable ski is made with a planing surface and is equipped with mini springs or springs installed between the bottom and the movable ski, four brake flaps, mounted on the rear edges of the stiffeners with the possibility of braking, the chassis is located on both sides of the body and contains a transmission, four rotating suspension arms located with the ability to rotate around their axes clockwise or counterclockwise, four rotating travel springs, wheel pairs, with the wheels connected in pairs and located symmetrically relative to the rotation axes of the rotating road springs, at the ends of which there are quick-release fasteners for the wheel sets, and the road springs themselves are mounted on the suspension arms with the ability to rotate around their axes clockwise or counterclockwise. clockwise", each wheel pair is equipped with a ski with a planing surface located above the wheel pair with the ability to move it from the upper position to the lower position and vice versa, eight or sixteen side springs, where each side spring is connected to a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, each ski with a planing surface is made with an internal cavity, inside of which there is a rod of given dimensions and shape with a mechanism for extending from the internal cavity and retracting, which consists of a mini electric worm-type gear motor and an autonomous power source, the transmission is made with the possibility of multi-level damping of power impulses that arise when overcoming roughness and includes a drive for each wheel pair, a drive for rotation of each travel spring and a drive for rotation of each suspension arm, each drive consisting of a worm and/or chain drive, an engine or an electric motor, a large cylindrical housing of a worm wheel and a worm pair of levers the suspension is made of bronze and fixed in the housing with the possibility of rotation, the worm shafts are made with an elongated middle worm part and with an elongated splined part at both ends, the housings of spherical bearings are made wedge-shaped, the worm pair is made with the ability for the worm shaft to rotate and longitudinally move relative to its axis , transmitted through the corresponding worm wheel, which is kinematically connected through a sprocket and chain with the axis of rotation of the running spring, at the ends of which a wheel pair is fixed symmetrically relative to the axis of rotation, one worm pair is installed with the possibility of rotating the suspension arm around its axis, and the other worm pair rotates the chassis The spring is stationary together with a stationary sprocket, fixed on a small cylinder of a non-rotating worm wheel and connected through a chain with a sprocket mounted on the glass of the rotation axis of the running spring, at the ends of which a wheel pair is fixed, while both sprockets are made with the same number of teeth and the stationary sprocket is located with the ability, when rotating the suspension arm through a chain, to fix an asterisk mounted on the suspension arm cup, which occupies the same specified position in space, and is additionally equipped with an autonomous life support system located inside the housing and is a mini-pyrolysis installation with the ability to generate electrical energy based on the Peltier effect, it is additionally equipped with a quick-detachable cavity that goes around the upper part of the housing roof and is made with the ability to supply compressed air to it up to a given pressure and release compressed air from it, and is additionally equipped with a bicone aerodynamic wing of low aspect ratio, round in plan, located and fixed in the upper part of the body, made with the possibility of opening or folding like a fan in the form of a soft and/or hard segmental shell, where in each segment of the shell there is a spar, in which one of the ends of the lower flange of each spar is fixed to one of two axes of rotation at an angle of more than 90 degrees , and one of the ends of the upper flange of each spar is fixed to the axis of rotation at a given angle, also more than 90 degrees, the opposite ends of the flanges of the spars converge along the perimeter of the wing, which is equipped with dual elevons that perform the functions of elevators and aileron functions and dual elevators that perform functions during landing brake flaps and/or flaps, each segment of the opened wing is rigidly fixed in a given position using a wing deployment mechanism with a redundant function along the perimeter, which does not allow displacement of the segments relative to each other during flight, the shell in the open position in plan is a circle, while The bicone aerodynamic wing of small aspect ratio is designed with the ability to fly in airplane mode without going into a tailspin, and with the ability to fly in parachute mode, and is additionally equipped with two variable-pitch airplane propellers located on vertical rudders, each of which is designed to create pushing moment during movement and implementation of takeoff, landing and flight modes, is additionally equipped with four tracks, with each caterpillar placed on a wheel pair and equipped with rollers mounted on the corresponding running spring, additionally equipped with a directional control system consisting of rudders made in the form boat rudders, rudders made in the form of aircraft rudders, the power plate of the suspension arm is connected to a large cylindrical bronze body of the worm wheel with the possibility of rotation clockwise or counterclockwise, the suspension arm is installed with the possibility of synchronous and asynchronous rotation with respect to to the given suspension arms by an electric motor, powered by traction batteries through a worm shaft and a large cylindrical bronze body of the worm wheel and equipped with a backup drive connected through a cardan, rear axle with differential, gearbox with engine, worm shafts of rotation of the running springs are equipped with autonomous electric drives with the possibility of independent synchronous and asynchronous rotation and are equipped with a backup drive connected through a cardan, a rear axle with a differential, a gearbox with an engine, wheel rotation mechanisms are equipped with autonomous electric drives with the possibility of synchronous and asynchronous rotation and are equipped with a backup drive connected through a cardan, a rear axle with a differential, a box gears with an engine, the running spring is mounted on a cylindrical cup of the suspension arm with the possibility of rotation clockwise or counterclockwise, the running spring is installed with the possibility of rotation by an electric motor powered by traction batteries through a worm shaft, a small cylinder of the worm wheel mounted on it with an asterisk, and with the possibility of transmitting rotation through a chain to the cylindrical cup of the suspension arm with a running spring attached to it, the small cylinder of one worm wheel is installed inside the large bronze cylinder of another worm wheel, inside the small cylinder of the worm wheel there is a drive shaft of the chassis, drive of the chassis located on the suspension arm and has an intermediate shaft, the rotation drive of the suspension arm, the rotation drive of the suspension spring, the rotation drive of the chassis are located on the suspension arm, and are an integral part of the suspension arm and represent a single functionally connected mechanism, the suspension arm, the suspension spring and the drive shafts the chassis are located with the ability to rotate independently of each other clockwise or counterclockwise in a given sequence or synchronously, the upper and lower assemblies of the suspension arm are designed to transmit three types of rotation in a given direction and at a given speed, protection from dirt is designed with the function of skis with planing surfaces, the chassis is made with the ability to change wheels to skis with planing surfaces or from skis with planing surfaces to wheels in automatic mode remotely due to rotation of the suspension arms and rotation of the travel springs around their axes of rotation, chassis the part is made with the ability to change skis with planing surfaces to tracks or change tracks to skis with planing surfaces in automatic mode remotely due to rotation of the suspension arms and rotation of the running springs around their axes of rotation, the chassis is made with the ability to change skis with planing surfaces or wheels on movable skis and/or planing bottom of the hull in automatic mode remotely by raising the chassis above the bottom level due to rotation of the suspension arms, the wheels are mounted in pairs with the possibility of rotation at the ends of the running springs and are located symmetrically relative to the axes of rotation of the running springs, the chassis is made with the possibility of step-by-step movement using rotating suspension arms and four pairs of wheels or four skis with planing surfaces that maintain a horizontal or specified position relative to the surface and performing the functions of supporting surfaces, the undercarriage is made with the possibility of step-by-step movement using rotating suspension arms and four tracks or two tracks and two skis with planing surfaces maintaining a horizontal or specified position relative to the surface and performing the functions of support surfaces, the undercarriage is made with the possibility of step-by-step movement using rotating suspension arms and four running springs or using four running springs with specified supporting surfaces attached to the running springs , maintaining a horizontal or specified position relative to the surface and performing the functions of supporting surfaces, the undercarriage is made with the possibility of step-by-step movement using rotating suspension arms and four running springs with logs attached to them, maintaining a horizontal or specified position relative to the surface and performing the functions of supporting surfaces, chassis made with the possibility of movement on eight wheels or on four wheels mounted in pairs, with four wheels or one in a raised position, the undercarriage is made with the possibility of movement with constant rotation of the running springs around their axes with wheels and skis with planing surfaces attached to them or tracks and skis with planing surfaces with non-rotating suspension arms occupying a given position, the chassis is designed to move with constant rotation of the travel springs around their axes with the wheel pairs removed and skis with planing surfaces with non-rotating suspension arms but occupying In this given position, stiffening ribs are installed along the bottom of the hull, two on each side of the hull bottom with the possibility of additionally ensuring directional stability when driving on a snow or water surface and turning the vehicle, four brake flaps are additionally located on the rear edges of the stiffening ribs with the possibility of their extension, additionally equipped with a voltage multiplier located with the ability to supply high voltage to the external metal circuit, additionally equipped with at least one additional engine, at least one additional electric generator and mechanics with the ability to duplicate the functions of the electric drive, additionally equipped with anti-slip devices or quick-release mini - wheels pre-installed at the ends of the retractable rods with the possibility of electric drive from an autonomous power source for the drive of the retractable rods, the worm shaft is made with an elongated middle worm part and with an elongated splined part at both ends of the shaft, the worm shaft is installed with the possibility of longitudinal movements, the worm shaft with one side or on both sides is fixed with the possibility of rotation with the side spring and through the side spring with a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, the worm shaft is located with the ability to simultaneously perform two functions, transmitting rotation to the worm wheel and transmitting power impulses arising from irregularities during movement to the side spring and a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder for extinguishing, damping these impulses, side springs together with pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders are located with the possibility of returning the worm shaft to its original position, the middle part of the worm section coinciding with the vertical axis of the worm wheel, skis with planing surfaces are mounted with the ability to provide additional stability when movement on the water surface, the body is made of an aerodynamic shape.

In fig. 1 shows a cross-country vehicle with wheels in contact with the surface, a low aspect ratio wing round in plan in an open fan form, with dual elevons, rudders, aircraft propellers, suspension arms, skis with planing surfaces, running springs, side view, on fig. 2 shows a cross-country vehicle with a low aspect ratio wing round in plan in an open fan form, top view, in Fig. 3 shows a cross-country vehicle with a low aspect ratio wing folded like a fan, top view, in FIG. 4 shows a cross-country vehicle, rear view, FIG. 5 shows the suspension arm assembly with the cover removed, profile view; FIG. 6 is a side view of the suspension arm; FIG. 7 shows a cross-country vehicle in the initial position for the mode of stepwise movement of the body with the help of rotation of the suspension arms and wheelsets, which maintain a horizontal position during this rotation, and also perform the functions of supporting surfaces during this movement, in FIG. 8 shows a cross-country vehicle at the moment the suspension arms begin to rotate counterclockwise and the wheelsets, which maintain a horizontal position during this rotation, in FIG. 9 shows a cross-country vehicle as the suspension arms continue to rotate counterclockwise and the wheelsets maintain a horizontal position during this rotation; FIG. 10 shows a cross-country vehicle at the moment of continued rotation of the suspension arms counterclockwise and the wheel pairs, maintaining a horizontal position during this rotation and coming into contact with the surface, in FIG. 11 shows a cross-country vehicle in its initial position before changing wheels to skis with planing surfaces, which, with subsequent stepwise movement of the body, begin to serve as supporting surfaces; in FIG. 12 shows the beginning of simultaneous or sequential counterclockwise rotation of the suspension arms and wheel pairs around their rotation axes; FIG. 13 shows the continuation of simultaneous or sequential counterclockwise rotation of the suspension arms and wheel sets around their axes of rotation; FIG. 14 shows the continuation of simultaneous or sequential counterclockwise rotation of the suspension arms and wheel pairs around their rotation axes, FIG. 15 shows the continuation of simultaneous or sequential counterclockwise rotation of the suspension arms and wheel pairs around their rotation axes, FIG. 16 shows the continuation of the counterclockwise rotation of the suspension arms around their axes of rotation at the moment of performing stepwise movement by the Off-Road Vehicle with the help of skis with planing surfaces that have already assumed a horizontal position, performing the functions of supporting surfaces, in FIG. 17 shows a cross-country vehicle in the initial position for the body movement mode using “rowing”, like oars, rotational movements of wheel-ski or ski-track pairs around their axes of rotation, in FIG. 18 shows the beginning of simultaneous or sequential counterclockwise rotation of the suspension arms and wheel-ski pairs around their rotation axes; FIG. 19 shows the continuation of counterclockwise rotation of wheel-ski or ski-track pairs around their axes of rotation, while the suspension arms can take the most advantageous position at a given moment in time, in Fig. 20 shows the continuation of rotation counterclockwise of the wheel-ski pairs around their axes of rotation, while the suspension arms can take the most advantageous position at a given moment in time, in FIG. 21 shows the continuation of counterclockwise rotation of the wheel-ski pairs around their rotation axes, while the suspension arms can take the most advantageous position at any time, in FIG. 22 shows the beginning of overcoming an obstacle by a cross-country vehicle due to clockwise rotation of the wheel or track pair at an angle ensuring the passage of the obstacle under the bottom of the hull, in FIG. 23 shows the continuation of overcoming an obstacle by the off-road vehicle due to the rear moving wheel pairs with the front pairs raised above the level of the bottom of the body, while the bottom itself rests on the obstacle and slides along it, in Fig. Figure 24 shows the vehicle's further overcoming of an obstacle, where the front wheel sets and suspension arms have already taken the most optimal angle and, being in contact with the surface together with the rear wheel sets, contribute to the further movement of the vehicle, while the rear wheel sets are rotated to the specified a clockwise angle, thereby ensuring further passage of the obstacle under the bottom of the hull, in Fig. Figure 25 shows how the off-road vehicle continues to overcome an obstacle, where the front wheel sets and suspension arms continue to take the given most optimal angle and, being in contact with the surface along with the rear wheel sets, contribute to the further movement of the vehicle, while the rear wheel sets are rotated to the specified the angle is already counterclockwise, coming into contact with the surface, ensuring further passage of the obstacle under the bottom of the body, in Fig. Fig. 26 shows the beginning of a cross-country vehicle overcoming a high obstacle, where all the suspension arms, all wheel pairs have taken a vertical lower position, and from the internal space of the skis with planing surfaces are extended to a given length of the rod, the low aspect ratio wing is round in plan in the folded position, in Fig. . 27 shows the continuation of overcoming a high obstacle by a high-terrain vehicle, a triggered grip is shown that prevents the front part of the body from sliding off a high obstacle, the front rods are retracted into the internal space of the front skis with planing surfaces, the front suspension arms occupy a vertical upper position together with the wheel pair, in Fig. . 28 shows the continuation of overcoming a high obstacle by a high-terrain vehicle, where the activated grip prevents the front part of the body from sliding off the obstacle is shown, the front suspension arms are in a horizontal forward position, and the front wheelset is in a vertical position and the ski planing surface is turned towards the high obstacle, in FIG. 29 shows how the off-road vehicle continues to overcome a high obstacle due to the rotation of the front suspension arms and front wheelsets counterclockwise, while the high obstacle is close to the center of gravity of the vehicle, in FIG. 30 shows how the off-road vehicle continues to overcome a high obstacle due to the rotation of the front suspension arms and front wheelsets counterclockwise; the high obstacle has approached the center of gravity of the vehicle, in FIG. 31 shows the continuation of overcoming a high obstacle by the Off-Road Vehicle, rods are again extended from the internal space of the front pair of skis with planing surfaces, the front suspension arms begin to take, together with the wheel pairs, the specified most optimal angle, in FIG. 32 shows the continuation of overcoming a high obstacle by the High Cross-country Vehicle, the center of gravity of the Vehicle has been crossed by the high obstacle, the front rods are in contact with the surface of the high obstacle, and the rear rods are drawn into the internal space of the skis with planing surfaces, while the rear wheelsets begin to rotate against "clockwise", having come into contact with a high obstacle, in Fig. 33 shows the continuation of overcoming by the off-road vehicle a high obstacle, the front rods are in contact with the surface of the high obstacle, when the rear wheelsets rotate, the body further moves forward relative to the high obstacle, which reaches the rear of the body and is fixed by the extended four brake flaps to prevent the body from slipping from a high obstacle, in Fig. Figure 34 shows the continuation of overcoming a high obstacle by a cross-country vehicle; the rear part, resting on a high obstacle, makes it possible for the rear suspension arms together with the wheel pairs to occupy the most optimal specified angle with the subsequent extension of the rods from the internal space of the skis with planing surfaces until they come into contact with the surface, when In this case, the high obstacle remains fixed by the extended four brake flaps to prevent the body from sliding off the high obstacle, in Fig. Figure 35 shows a cross-country vehicle overcoming a high obstacle due to a given rotation of all suspension arms counterclockwise, the four brake flaps were previously retracted, taking their original position, after which the rods are retracted into the internal space of the skis and the vehicle is ready for further movement, on fig. 36 shows the possibility of lifting the front and/or rear part of the hull when repairing the lower part of the hull or movable skis, or repairing rudders and brake flaps, or for cleaning (painting) the bottom and movable skis from dirt, snow, FIG. 37 shows a vehicle with tracks mounted on paired wheels and quick-release rollers; in FIG. 38 shows a cross-section of a low aspect ratio wing, round in plan, with a vertical plane to demonstrate the upper aerodynamic curve; in FIG. 39 shows a section of the spar; Fig. 40 shows a cross-section of two spars entering each other, in Fig. 41 shows the rear part of the All Terrain Vehicle body with four brake flaps, Fig. 42 shows the rear part of the All Terrain Vehicle body with rudders, aircraft propellers and rudders.

The capabilities of the proposed All-terrain Vehicle make it possible to turn it, in a way, into an “all-terrain taxi”, i.e. It becomes possible to pick up each passenger from his home (entrance) in one locality and deliver each passenger to his home (entrance) in another locality, i.e. take off from the ground, snow or water surface outside the outskirts of one populated area, and land (splash down) hundreds of kilometers away on the outskirts of another populated area, what could be faster and more convenient? And this is caused by the following circumstances.

Since 1990, the number of airfields in Russia has decreased almost fivefold - from 1,450 to 300. Today, local traffic accounts for only 2% of the total volume of airlines, and under the USSR they exceeded 25%.

Nowadays, you can buy a plane ticket and sunbathe in Thailand that evening. But would you try to fly from Nizhny Novgorod to Yekaterinburg or take a boat up the Volga for 200 kilometers. In the “union” time, both were easily achievable.

Nowadays, a typical route from Novosibirsk to Krasnoyarsk (789 km) runs through Moscow - this is 8 thousand kilometers, plus waiting and transfers for 6-8 hours.

In Soviet times, it was possible to fly from Ufa to any of the 49 regional centers; today such flights have become impossible, not only from the above city, but almost throughout the entire territory of Russia.

Exactly the same picture is observed in river transport, and this is where the longest length of rivers in the world is (101.3 thousand kilometers).

In 1990, the Russian river fleet consisted of 14 thousand cargo and 1.7 thousand passenger ships. By 2010, there were 619 “passenger” ships left, the average age of which was 30 years or more, which exceeded their safe operation life by 5-10 years or more.

In addition, we must not forget that (as of 2019) about 15 million people (10% of the Russian population) live in 28 thousand settlements where there is no access to a network of year-round roads. As a result, there were 20 million fewer potential passengers than before. At the same time, we do not touch upon other very important changes that have arisen over the past few years regarding the deterioration of the population’s survival conditions, for example, the following; Already in two thirds (!!!) of Russian settlements there is no access to any type of medical care and this is a reality. Over the past ten years, the number of schools in Russia has decreased by 25 thousand and the bus fleet, especially in off-road conditions, is the “weak link” when transporting schoolchildren to and from school.

Let's take the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the size of its territory is comparable to India. And this vast territory, chock full of minerals, gas deposits, rivers, taiga, and tundra, has, according to Rosstat, only 967 thousand inhabitants. What is happening to the population? Since 1990, the outflow of population began; over 25 years it amounted to 331 thousand people. 45% of the republic’s settlements do not have access to the public road network at all, where one kilometer of paved road costs 1.5 billion rubles.

Today, the market for all-terrain vehicles is not occupied and, unfortunately, there are no serious players, which is why the prices for more or less serious equipment are astronomical, from 6 to 18 million rubles or more.

The off-road vehicle has the following unique features:

firstly, a high cross-country vehicle, additionally equipped with a low aspect ratio wing, round in plan, the so-called discoplane; the low aspect ratio of the wing allows flight at higher than normal angles of attack. A characteristic aerodynamic feature is that the flow stall of a low aspect ratio wing is prolonged to angles of 45-50 degrees (Sumax) as a result of vortex air spatial structures that arise in flight, which induce additional speed on the upper surface of the wing along the chords due to the twisting of numerous vortex strands, which causes vacuum, and hence additional lifting force (remember Bernoulli's law - the higher the speed of the liquid in the vessel, the less pressure exerted by the liquid on the walls of the vessel), which more than compensates for losses from local flow disruptions along the side and leading edges of the wing. This aerodynamic effect on a low aspect ratio wing increases with increasing angle of attack. Therefore, a round wing, having such aerodynamic features, does not have a tendency to stall on the wing, does not go into a tailspin, which, in turn, guarantees a slow and safe descent, similar to a descent with a parachute. The same will happen during an emergency engine stop;

secondly, during takeoff and landing conditions (this is where most plane crashes occur in the world), a very powerful air cushion is formed between the body of the All-terrain Vehicle and the ground. It follows that until the landing speed is reduced to the design speed, the all-terrain vehicle will not touch the surface, for example, ground, water, snow;

thirdly, a cross-country vehicle is also an off-airfield service vehicle, which significantly reduces ticket prices and makes them more affordable;

fourthly, when using the screen effect that occurs between the ground, water, snow surface (flight in close proximity to the ground) and the round wing, the all-terrain vehicle is made with the ability to lift 4 times more payload into the air (with the same power power plant and wing area) than aircraft of other aerodynamic designs. It should be noted that in general, horizontal tail surfaces are necessary for a non-maneuverable supersonic aircraft, mainly at high angles of attack (takeoff, landing, recovery from stall, etc.). In cruising flight, the functions of the horizontal tail can be successfully performed by elevon flaps. However, during takeoff and landing, a tailless aircraft is inferior to a normal aircraft, since the wing of a tailless aircraft does not allow mechanization. From the conditions of longitudinal balancing of the wing, its trailing edge in the most favorable flight mode, that is, at a speed corresponding to the minimum descent speed, should be raised upward, but this leads to a decrease in the balanced lift coefficient and, accordingly, an increase in flight speed;

fifthly, the off-road vehicle is designed to be used all year round, in all environments and in any weather.

In the declared Vehicle, when used in airplane or ekranoplane mode, these problems are solved due to the larger absolute value of the permissible range of placement of the center of mass (aerodynamic focus), dual elevons, dual lateral rudders also serving as brake flaps, dual flaps located on the lower wing, maximum the chords of the round wing, that is, the large absolute value of the permissible range of placement of the center of mass (aerodynamic focus) and the design itself with developed control systems make the Vehicle, when used in airplane or ekranoplane mode, super-maneuverable and stable in flight.

The off-road vehicle (hereinafter referred to as the “Vehicle”) is designed to be able to travel on a highway or dirt road; off-road; in the snow; on water; under the water; in the presence of low obstacles; in the presence of high obstacles; cover distances by air, and includes:

building 1, bottom 58 of building 1, roof of building 1, chassis, control system with remote control and autonomous life support system.

Housing 1 has been purged in a wind tunnel and is made of an aerodynamic shape, which is capable of creating additional lift.

The bottom 58 is a planing surface and is equipped with stiffening ribs 62 located along the bottom 58, two on each side of the bottom 58, without protruding beyond the body 1 in front and behind, four brake flaps 63 and two movable skis 28.

Four stiffening ribs 62 are installed with the possibility of additionally ensuring directional stability when driving on a snow or water surface and turning the vehicle, while on the rear edges of the stiffening ribs 62 four brake flaps 63 are additionally located and secured with the possibility of their extension and the possibility of braking by them. Brake flaps 63 are of a known design in the form, for example, of a scraper.

The movable skis 28 are located between the stiffening ribs 62 along the entire length of the bottom 58, without protruding beyond the body 1 in front and behind.

Each movable ski 28 is made of composite materials with a planing surface and with the ability to soften impacts during movement of the body 1, for example, on hard crust or water surface, or other irregularities, provided that the chassis, for example, wheels, skis with a planing surface located above the level of the bottom 58 or dismantled (removed).

The movable skis 28 are equipped with mini springs or springs 78 installed between the bottom 58 and the movable skis 28.

The movable skis 28 are always in the working position, partially protruding beyond the edges of the stiffening ribs, if they are not dismantled.

The chassis is located on both sides of the housing 1 and contains a transmission, four rotating suspension arms 4, 26, 23, 14, located with the possibility of rotation around their axes clockwise or counterclockwise, four rotating suspension springs, for example, 3 and 15, four pairs of wheels, with each pair of wheels equipped with a ski with a planing surface located above the wheel pair with the ability to move it from the upper position to the lower position and vice versa,

A wheel pair is wheels mounted in pairs, for example, 13 and 16, 2 and 5, with the possibility of rotation at the ends of the running springs, for example, 3 and 15, and are located symmetrically relative to the rotation axes of the running springs, for example, 3 and 15, at the ends where the quick-release wheel mounts are located, the travel springs are mounted on suspension arms 4, 26, 23, 14 with the ability to rotate around their axes clockwise or counterclockwise.

Wheels, for example, 13 and 16, 2 and 5, are equipped with quick-release fasteners (not shown in the figures) at the ends of the suspension springs, for example, 15, 3, which in turn are attached to the suspension arms 14, 4, 23, 26 with the possibility rotation around their rotation axes O1 and O4 clockwise or counterclockwise. The suspension arms, for example, 14, 4, are arranged to rotate around their rotation axes O2 and O3, respectively.

The wheels are standard sizes and designs, such as Good Year Eagle LS 2 255/50 R 19 107H Run Flat tires.

Each ski with a planing surface 6, 12, 24, 27 is made with an internal cavity, inside of which there is a rod, for example, 54, 55, of given dimensions and shape with an extension mechanism from the internal cavity, and the extension mechanism consists of a mini electric gear motor worm type and autonomous power supply.

On the wheels, for example, 13 and 16 and/or 2 and 5, easily removable tracks 74 are additionally placed, for example, composit BEAVER SWT brand, where a given small modernization can be carried out, in this case, easily removable tracks are attached to the running spring, for example, 3 or 15 rollers 75, which ensure a horizontal working position of the lower surface of the caterpillar 74 when overcoming uneven terrain or road.

Various combinations of uses for moving the Vehicle are possible, for example,

the use of four tracks 74 mounted on corresponding wheel pairs, for example, 2, 5 and 13, 16, with the additional installation of quick-release rollers 75 on running springs, for example, 3 and 15;

or two front wheelsets and two rear tracks 74,

or two front skis with planing surfaces and two rear tracks 74,

two aircraft propellers (in snowmobile or glider mode with skis raised (removed) or lowered, facing the snow or water surface with planing surfaces 6, 12, 24, 27,

In addition, other options are possible, for example, in each pair of wheelsets, when moving, one of the wheels is in contact with the surface, and the second can be raised.

74 tracks are standard track sizes and designs, such as composit BEAVER SWT. If desired, they can be improved and used after a small modernization, which consists of additional fastening of side supports that prevent the wheels from sliding off the tracks and thereby fixing the wheels along an imaginary line running along the center of each track.

Wheel pairs, for example, 13 and 16, 2 and 5, or track pairs 74 are brought into working position when turning the travel springs, for example, 3 and 15, with skis with planing surfaces attached to axles, for example, O5 and O6, O7 and O8 , for example, 12 and 6, around their axes of rotation O1 and O4 counterclockwise by 180 degrees, while the suspension arms, for example, 14 and 4 make a short turn around their axes O2 and O3 counterclockwise at a given angle , sufficient to turn skis with planing surfaces, such as 12 and 6, without contacting the surface or touching the surface.

Wheel pairs, for example, 13 and 16, 2 and 5, are brought into a non-working position when turning the road springs, for example, 3 and 15, with wheel pairs fixed at the ends, for example, 13 and 16, 2 and 5, or track pairs around their axes of rotation O1 and O4 counterclockwise by 180 degrees, while the suspension arms, for example, 14 and 4, carry out a given short-term rotation around their axes O2 and O3 counterclockwise at a given angle sufficient to rotate these wheel sets , for example, 13 and 16, 2 and 5, without touching the surface or with touching the surface.

Each ski 12 or 6, or 24, or 27 is made of composite materials with a planing surface and with a cavity, inside of which there is a rod, for example, a rod 54 or 55, of given dimensions and shape with a mechanism for extending from the internal cavity and retracting into the inner surface, which consists of a mini electric worm-type gear motor and an autonomous power source, while skis with planing surfaces 12, 6, 24, 27 have an additional function: protection, for example, protection from dirt.

Each rod, for example 54 or 55, is additionally equipped with an anti-slip device attached to the extendable end of the rod.

Each rod, for example, 54 or 55, is additionally equipped with mini-wheels mounted on the extendable end of the rod with the possibility of rotation from an autonomous power source for the drive of the extendable rod.

Each ski with a planing surface of 12 or 6, or 24, or 27 is additionally equipped with a mini electric worm-type gear motor mounted in the internal space with remote control.

Skis with planing surfaces 12, 6, 24, 27 are designed to be placed above or below the level of the bottom 58 of the body 1 or at the same level.

Skis with planing surfaces 12, 6, 24, 27 are also mounted with the ability to provide additional stability when moving on the water surface.

For example, the planing surfaces of skis 12, 6, 24, 27 are installed on the water surface, providing additional stability when moving on the water surface.

Skis with planing surfaces 12, 6, 24, 27 are brought into working position by turning the running springs, for example, 15 or 3, at the ends of which wheel pairs, for example, 16 and 13, are fixed around their axes of rotation O1 and O4 clockwise or counterclockwise by 180 degrees, while the wheelsets occupy the upper horizontal position, and the skis with planing surfaces are in the lower horizontal position, the suspension arms, for example, 14 and 4, carry out a given short-term rotation around their axes O2 and O3 counterclockwise » to a given angle sufficient to rotate the wheelsets without touching the surface or touching the surface to the upper horizontal position.

Skis with planing surfaces 6, 12, 24, 27 are brought into a non-working position by turning the running springs, for example, 15 or 3, at the ends of which wheelsets, for example, 16 and 13, are fixed around their rotation axes O1 and O4 180 degrees against “clockwise”, while the suspension arms, for example, 14 and 4, carry out a given short-term rotation around their axes O2 and O3 counterclockwise at a given angle sufficient to rotate these wheelsets without touching the surface or touching the surface.

Protection against dirt is made with the function of skis with planing surfaces 6, 12, 24, 27.

For example, in the process of moving a Vehicle on a snowy or water surface, two aircraft propellers and/or a water jet (on the water surface) are used, and the movement itself is carried out on skis with planing surfaces 12, 6, 24, 27, while movable skis can be used at the same time 28 and bottom 58 for a smoother, softer ride of the Vehicle.

During repair work, housing 1 can take a position at an angle of 45 degrees to the surface.

The chassis is designed with the ability to:

movement on eight wheels or on four wheels mounted in pairs, with four wheels or one in a raised position,

step-by-step movement using four pairs of wheels maintaining a horizontal or specified position relative to the surface,

step-by-step movement using four tracks 74, maintaining a horizontal or other position relative to the surface,

step-by-step movement using two pairs of wheels (front or rear) and two tracks (rear or front), maintaining a horizontal or other position relative to the surface,

step-by-step movement using four skis with planing surfaces 12, 6, 24, 27, maintaining a horizontal or specified position relative to the surface,

step-by-step movement of two skis with planing surfaces (front or rear) and two tracks 74 (rear or front), maintaining a horizontal or specified position relative to the surface,

step-by-step movement of four travel springs, for example, 15 and 3, maintaining a horizontal or specified position relative to the surface,

step-by-step movement using four travel springs, for example 15 and 3, with specified support surfaces attached to the travel springs,

step-by-step movement using four travel springs, for example, 15 and 3 with logs attached to them,

movement on four wheels 13 and 16, 2 and 5, mounted in pairs, with four wheels or one in a raised position,

step-by-step movement using rotating suspension arms, for example, 14 and 4, and four tracks 74 or two tracks 74 and two skis with planing surfaces that maintain a horizontal or specified position relative to the surface and serve as support surfaces,

step-by-step movement using rotating suspension arms and four travel springs or using four travel springs with specified support surfaces attached to the travel springs, maintaining a horizontal or specified position relative to the surface and performing the functions of support surfaces,

step-by-step movement using rotating suspension arms and four travel springs with logs attached to them, maintaining a horizontal or specified position relative to the surface and serving as support surfaces,

step-by-step movement when rotating the suspension arms, for example, 14 and 4, around their axes of rotation (see Fig. 7, 8, 9 and 10), while the wheel pairs 13 and 16, 2 and 5, maintain a horizontal position due to kinematics,

step-by-step movement of the body 1 when rotating the suspension arms around their axes and while maintaining their lower horizontal position of skis with planing surfaces 12, 6, 24, 27 (see Fig. 14, 15 and 16),

movement with constant rotation of the running springs, for example, 15, 3 around their axes with wheels 13 and 16, 2 and 5 attached to them, or tracks 74 and skis with planing surfaces 12, 6, 24, 27 with non-rotating suspension arms, for example , 14 and 4, occupying a given position (see Fig. 18, 19, 20 and 21),

movement with constant rotation of the running springs around their axes with wheels and skis with planing surfaces attached to them or tracks and skis with planing surfaces with non-rotating suspension arms occupying a given position,

movement with constant rotation of the road springs, for example 15 and 3, around their axes with the wheel pairs 13 and 16, 2 and 5 removed (the removal of wheels is not shown in the figures) with the suspension arms not rotating, for example 14 and 4, but occupying specified position (similar to Fig. 18, 19, 20 and 21),

movement with constant rotation of the travel springs around their axes with removed wheel pairs and skis with planing surfaces with the suspension arms not rotating, but occupying a given position,

movement with constant rotation of the travel springs, for example, 15 and 3 around their axes with the wheelsets and skis with planing surfaces removed (removal of the wheels and skis is not shown in the figure) with the suspension arms 14 and 4 not rotating, but occupying a given position (similar to Figs. 18, 19, 20 and 21),

flight in ekranolet or airplane mode without going into a tailspin,

changing wheels, for example, 13 and 16, 2 and 5, to skis with planing surfaces, for example, 12 and 6, or from skis with planing surfaces to wheels in automatic mode remotely by rotating the suspension arms, for example, 14 and 4, and rotation of the suspension springs, for example, 15 and 3, around their rotation axes (see Fig. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16),

changing skis with planing surfaces, for example, 12 and 6, to tracks 74 or changing tracks to skis with planing surfaces in automatic mode remotely by rotating the suspension arms, for example, 14 and 4, and rotating the travel springs, for example, 15 and 3 , around their axes of rotation similarly (see Fig. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16),

changing skis with planing surfaces, for example, 12, 6 or wheels, for example, 13 and 16, 2 and 5, or tracks 74 with movable skis 28 and/or the bottom 58 of the body 1 in automatic mode, remotely by raising the chassis above the level bottom Description of vehicle transmission:

The drive, for example, to a pair of wheels 13, 16 is carried out as follows: they turn on an engine, for example, a TOYOTA V8, which rotates the rotor of a known electric current generator.

The current is supplied to a Peak power 67 electric motor with a power of 50 kW, which rotates the sprocket (gear) 73 mounted on the shaft 30. Then, through the shaft 30, rotation is transmitted to the sprocket 69, chains 31, sprocket 70, intermediate shaft 32, sprockets 71 and 72, rotation is transmitted to shaft 33 and paired sprockets 34 mounted on this shaft, and from these paired sprockets through a chain drive (not specified), rotation is transmitted to wheels 13, 16, which are mounted on the chassis spring 15.

The drive to rotate, for example, the travel spring 15 around axis O1 is carried out using an electric motor 68, for example, Peak power powered by traction batteries, for example, SCIB Super Charge ion Battery from Toshiba. Rotation from the electric motor 68 through the worm shaft 38 is transmitted to the small cylinder of the worm wheel 39 and the sprocket 64 mounted on this cylinder, then through the chain 40 the rotation is transmitted to the cylindrical cup 41 with the running spring 15 attached to it.

The rotation of, for example, the suspension arm 14 around the O2 axis is carried out by a Peak power 66 electric motor powered by traction batteries, for example, SCIB Super Charge ion Battery from Toshiba wer. The electric motor rotates the worm shaft 35, which transmits rotation to the large cylindrical bronze body of the worm wheel 36 of the worm pair 35, 36 to which the power plate of the suspension arm 37 is attached.

The large cylindrical body of the worm wheel 36 is rotatably mounted in the housing 50 and is made of bronze to eliminate friction with the worm wheel 39 and the housing 50.

Worm drives 35, 36, and 38, 39 have the following design features: worm shafts 35 and 38 are made with an elongated middle worm part and an elongated splined part at both ends 48, 45 of both worm shafts 35, 38. Splined ends of worm shafts 36, 38 on both sides or on one side they engage with the possibility of rotation, for example, with a side spring (spring) 43 thanks to two wedge-shaped housings of spherical bearings 42, and through the side spring 43 the worm shaft 38 is connected to a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 44.

The drive through the splined connection 47, 48 and 45, 46 to the worm pair 35, 36 and 38, 39 is carried out using electric motors, for example, Peak power, powered by traction batteries, for example, SCIB Super Charge ion Battery from Toshiba, and in any moment splined connections 47, 48 and 45, 46 structurally cannot prevent the passage (transmission) of a power impulse (arising when overcoming an uneven road when the vehicle is moving) through the axis of rotation of the travel springs, for example, O1 and O2, and then through the worm pairs 35, 36 and 38, 39 onto the side spring 43 and the hydraulic cylinder 44 to dampen (dampen) this impulse, i.e. this power impulse, no matter how strong it is, is not transmitted to the drive, due to the fact that the sprockets (gears) of the drive 46, 47 of the worm shafts 35, 38 have the ability, transmitting torque to the worm shafts 35, 38, and at the same time can slide in spline joints during longitudinal oscillatory movements of worm shafts 35, 38, which occur when the vehicle overcomes unevenness.

It is thanks to the retraction of the side springs together with hydraulic cylinders into the internal space of the body 1 that it became possible to carry out independent rotation of the suspension arms and rotation of the travel springs while simultaneously ensuring a smooth ride.

Increased softness and smoothness of the ride of the Vehicle to create increased comfort when driving over rough terrain is achieved through 4 levels of damping (damping) of force impulses arising when overcoming road unevenness:

- first level, - the wheels themselves (tires, tubes), for example, 13, 16, 2.5.

- second level, - the suspension springs themselves, for example, 15, 3.

- third level, - the impulse transmitted, for example, from the travel spring 15 through the axis of rotation O1 to the worm pair 38, 39 is damped by the side spring 43 of the worm shaft 38 and the pneumatic and/or hydraulic cylinder 44.

- fourth level, - the impulse transmitted, for example, through the suspension arm 14 and the axis of rotation O2 to the worm pair 35, 36 is damped, damped by an onboard spring (not specified) and a pneumatic and/or hydraulic cylinder (not specified). In this case, the third and fourth levels mutually distribute the emerging power impulse among themselves, smoothing it, damping it, and stretching it in time.

The worm pair has one well-known feature - it does not have so-called feedback. So, for example, if the worm shaft 38 transmits rotation in one direction or another to the worm wheel 39, thereby causing it to rotate, then the worm wheel 39, in turn, cannot transmit rotation to the worm shaft 38, i.e. give it a rotational movement and if in the classical known scheme of a worm gearbox the worm shaft is rigidly fixed relative to the worm wheel and the body itself and only has the possibility of rotation around its axis, then in our case, for example, the worm shaft 38 has the possibility of both rotation and longitudinal movements along its axes transmitted through a worm wheel 39, which, in turn, is kinematically connected through a sprocket 64 and a chain 40 with the axis of rotation O1 of the travel spring 15, at the ends of which a wheel pair 13, 16 is fixed symmetrically (at an equal distance) relative to the axis of rotation.

The same applies to the worm pair 35, 36, since it is also kinematically connected through the O2 axis with the suspension arm 14, and the suspension arm 14, in turn, is connected through the rotation axis O1 with both the travel spring 15 and the wheel pair 13 , 16. Of course, both worm pairs 35, 36 and 38, 39 mutually compensate each other, evenly distributing the impulse when the Vehicle overcomes any obstacle (irregularities). It is very important to understand that the remaining power impulse when the Vehicle overcomes any obstacles (irregularities) is not transmitted to the drive 47, 48 and 45, 46 and to the electric drive 66, 68, i.e. Any force impact on the drives when the Vehicle overcomes any obstacles (irregularities) is absolutely excluded, and the damping of this remaining impulse is freely carried out, “damped up” by the side springs and hydraulic and/or pneumatic cylinders.

When the suspension arms 4, 14, 23, 26 rotate around their axes, for example, O2 and O3, at an angle of 360 degrees, the wheel pairs, for example, 2 and 5, 13 and 16, maintain, thanks to kinematics, exactly the spatial position for example, horizontal, which they occupied before the suspension arms began to rotate, and this is observed without imparting additional rotational movement through the transmission on the axles O1 and O4 of the running springs with wheel pairs 2 and 5, 13 and 16 attached to them.

This possibility is explained by the following design solution:

when one worm pair, for example, 35, 36, is installed with the possibility of rotation of the suspension arm 14 around its axis O2, and the other worm pair 38 and 39 for rotation of the running spring is stationary together with a fixed sprocket 64 fixed on a small cylinder - the cup of a non-rotating worm wheel 39. In turn, the fixed sprocket 64 is connected through a chain 40 with a sprocket 65 mounted on the cup 41 of the axis of rotation O1 of the running spring 15, at the ends of which the wheelset 13, 16 are fixed.

Since both sprockets 64 and 65 are made with the same number of teeth, therefore, when the suspension lever 14 rotates, the sprocket 65 always occupies the same specified position in space, as does the associated travel spring 15, and, consequently, the wheel pair 13 ,16.

The control arm force plate, such as the control arm force plate 37, is connected to a large cylindrical bronze worm wheel housing, such as the worm wheel 36, capable of clockwise or counterclockwise rotation,

The control arm force plate, such as the control arm force plate 37, is connected to the large cylinder of the worm wheel, such as the worm wheel 36, by a bolt connection,

The suspension arm, for example, the suspension arm 14, is installed with the possibility of synchronous and asynchronous rotation in relation to the given central suspension arms by an electric motor powered by traction batteries through a worm shaft, for example, a worm shaft. 35, and a large cylindrical bronze body of a worm wheel, for example, a worm wheel 36 and is equipped with a backup drive connected through a cardan, a rear axle with a differential, and a gearbox with an engine.

Worm shafts of rotation, for example, a worm shaft 35, a suspension arm, for example, a suspension arm 14, are equipped with autonomous electric drives with the possibility of synchronous and asynchronous rotation, equipped with a backup drive connected through a cardan, a rear axle with a differential, a gearbox with an engine (in Fig. not shown).

Worm shafts of rotation, for example, worm shaft 38, running springs, for example, running spring 15, are equipped with autonomous electric drives with the possibility of independent synchronous and asynchronous rotation, equipped with a backup drive connected through a cardan, a rear axle with a differential, a gearbox with an engine (in Fig. .not shown).

The worm shaft, for example, worm shaft 35, is made with an elongated middle worm part and an elongated spline part at both ends of the worm shaft with the possibility of longitudinal movements, on one side or on both sides it is fixed for rotation with a side spring and through the side spring with pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder.

The side springs, together with pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, are located with the ability to return the worm shaft to its original position, with the middle part of the worm section coinciding with the vertical axis of the worm wheel.

The worm shaft, for example, the worm shaft 38, is located with the ability to simultaneously perform two functions - gears, transmission of rotation to the worm wheel and transmission of power impulses arising from irregularities during movement to the side spring 43, and a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 44 for extinguishing and damping these impulses .

Worm shafts of rotation, for example, worm shaft 35, of the suspension arms are equipped with autonomous electric drives with the possibility of synchronous and asynchronous rotation and are equipped with a backup drive connected through a chain drive, cardan, rear axle with differential, through a gearbox with the engine.

Worm shafts of rotation, for example, worm shaft 38, of running springs are equipped with autonomous electric drives with the possibility of synchronous and asynchronous, i.e. independent rotation and are equipped with a backup drive connected through a chain drive, cardan, rear axle with differential, through a gearbox with the engine.

The wheel rotation mechanism, for example, wheels 16 and 13, are equipped with autonomous electric drives with the possibility of synchronous and asynchronous rotation and are equipped with a backup drive connected through a cardan, rear axle with differential, and gearbox with the engine.

The mechanism for rotating the wheels, for example, wheels 16 and 13, is equipped with a backup drive connected through a cardan, rear axle with differential, through a gearbox with the engine.

The running spring, for example, 15, is mounted on a cylindrical cup 41 of the suspension arm with the possibility of rotation clockwise or counterclockwise and installed with the possibility of rotation by an electric motor powered by traction batteries through a worm shaft 38, a small cylinder of the worm wheel 39 c a sprocket 64 installed on it, and with the possibility of transmitting rotation through a chain 40 to a cylindrical cup 41 of the suspension arm, for example, 14, with a suspension spring attached to it, for example, 15.

The small cylinder of one worm wheel 39 is installed inside the large bronze cylinder of another worm wheel 36.

Inside the small cylinder of the worm wheel 39 there is a drive shaft 30 of the chassis.

The chassis drive is located on a suspension arm, for example a suspension arm 14, and has an intermediate shaft, for example an intermediate shaft 32.

The suspension arm rotation drive, the suspension spring rotation drive, and the chassis rotation drive are located on the suspension arm, for example, the suspension arm 14, and are an integral part of the suspension arm, for example, the suspension arm 14, and represent a single functionally connected mechanism.

The suspension arm, for example, 14, the suspension spring, for example, 15, and the drive shafts of the chassis are arranged to rotate independently of each other clockwise or counterclockwise in any sequence or synchronously.

The upper and lower assemblies of the suspension arm, for example, 14, are designed to transmit three types of rotation in a given direction and at a given speed.

The suspension arm, for example, 14, the suspension spring, for example, 15, and the shafts, for example, shaft 30, shaft 32, shaft 33, drive the chassis are arranged to rotate independently of each other clockwise or counterclockwise » in a given sequence or synchronously.

The suspension arm assembly is located with the ability to transmit three types of rotation in a given direction and at a given speed through the upper suspension arm assembly.

Increased softness and smoothness of the ride of the Vehicle to create increased comfort when driving over rough terrain is achieved through multi-level damping (damping) of force impulses arising when overcoming road unevenness with the help of wheels having tires and tubes, with the help of running springs and connected with them through kinematics side springs with pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders and with the help of suspension arms also connected through kinematics with side springs also having pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, while the travel springs kinematically connected with the side springs and the suspension arms kinematically connected with the side springs mutually distribute the resulting power impulse among themselves, smoothing it, damping it, stretching it in time.

The control system with a remote control is designed to combine control of the Vehicle as a machine, as a glider, as a snowmobile, as an ekranoplane, as an aircraft, as a mini submarine.

The autonomous life support system is located inside housing 1 and is a mini-pyrolysis unit for generating heat with the ability to use the Peltier effect to generate electrical energy, which can be used to recharge batteries and lighting.

The off-road vehicle is additionally equipped with:

a quick-detachable cavity, for example, a rubber or plastic cavity (not shown in the figure), encircling the upper part of the roof of the housing 1 and configured to supply compressed air to it up to a given pressure to provide a given buoyancy to the Vehicle under water and release compressed air from it;

two rotary spring-loaded devices 59, made with the ability to extend and installed at the rear of the body 1 with the ability to turn the Vehicle to the right or left when moving on snow or ice, or floating (planing) on water;

bicone aerodynamic wing of small aspect ratio, round in plan 11 (hereinafter referred to as the Wing), located and fixed in the upper part of the body 1, made with the possibility of opening or folding like a fan and consists of a soft and/or hard segment shell 56, 57, where in each In the shell segment there is one spar 17, that is, each segment consists of an upper and lower shell, as well as one spar, which is always structurally located at one edge of each segment, and this segment represents a single whole - one product, part of the wing - a segment.

When the wing 11 is opened like a fan, the segment shell in the open position is a circle in which one of the ends of the lower flange of each spar is fixed to one of the two axes of rotation 77 or 78, for example, 77 at an angle greater than 90 degrees, and one of the ends of the upper flange of each spar 17 is fixed to the axis of rotation 77 at a given angle (from an aerodynamic point of view), also at an angle greater than 90 degrees, as a result of which, when the wing 11 is sectioned by a vertical plane (section A - A in Fig. 2, Fig. 38), it forms the upper and the lower (the lower curve, due to the small curvature in the figure, is perceived as straight) curve, for example, 56 (ideal from an aerodynamic point of view) and this despite the fact that both the lower and upper flanges of the side members 17 are absolutely straight (section B - B in Fig 39), which follows from descriptive geometry - the section of a cone by a vertical plane parallel to the axis of rotation of the cone, therefore, if we imagine that we have two cones placed on top of each other with their bases, the difference between them is only in the angles between the base and the side of the cone.

The opposite ends of the flanges of the spars 17 converge along the perimeter of the wing 11. In FIG. 39 and 40 show the insertion of the flanges of the side members 17 into each other: the upper flange 58 into the lower flange 59 of the adjacent spar 17.

When attaching the lower and upper edges of the spars 17 to the axis of rotation, for example, 77 at a given most optimal angle of more than 90 degrees, then from an aerodynamic point of view, the wing 11 has a biconvex shape.

Wing 11 is equipped with dual elevons, which represent the aircraft elevators themselves and simultaneously perform the functions of elevators and aileron functions and, during landing, also the functions of a flap and/or flap, located in the rear sector of the round wing, so there is no need for a tail boom.

The shell can be made entirely of carbon fiber or other modern materials or be combined, namely, the rear non-fan-folding part of the wing 11 with an upper and lower shell, dual elevons, dual elevators can be entirely, without breaking into segments, made of carbon fiber, and the lateral and front sectors of the wing shell 11, consisting of segments, may have a soft upper and lower part of the shell and can be made of Dacron or Kevlar or carbon fiber, widely used in the manufacture of sails for yachts.

All segments of the shell are made with the ability to fold into each other like plastic cups or a fan.

When the wing 11 is opened like a fan, the edge of the shell segment opposite to the spar 17 in each segment does not disengage with the adjacent segment and is in a fixed position with the spar 17 of the adjacent segment if the segment shells are made of carbon fiber. In the case of making the upper and lower wing shells, for example, from Kevlar, the shells are glued and stitched to each spar 17 and in this case, when the wing 11 is folded into a fan, the shells are folded like the bellows of an accordion.

Each segment of the opened wing 11 is rigidly fixed in a given place using the wing deployment mechanism 11 with a duplicating function along the perimeter, which makes displacement of the segments relative to each other during flight impossible, while the rear sector of the wing shell does not extend beyond the dimensions of the body, and the wing 11 is also made with the ability to create a screen effect with the surface, which makes it possible to deliver four times more cargo by air compared to aircraft of other aerodynamic designs with the same engine power and wing area.

The opening and folding of the wing 11 occurs automatically and takes several seconds, the lift coefficient of the wing increases to 45 degrees, in the event of an emergency stop of the engine in flight, the vehicle smoothly parachutes using a wing that is round in plan, using the round wing as a parachute system, while the wing 11 is made with the ability to fly in airplane mode without going into a tailspin, and with the ability to fly in parachute mode;

two aircraft propellers 7 variable pitch (VIS - variable pitch propeller), which are known designs of aircraft propellers and are located on vertical posts 76 rudders 8, 19, each of the aircraft propellers 7 is designed to create a pushing moment when moving and perform takeoff and landing and flight modes, that is, it is capable of providing the necessary thrust during takeoff and landing modes and directly in flight, as well as creating a significant pushing moment when moving into muddy roads or when moving uphill, preventing rollover when moving uphill or downhill. Aircraft propellers 7 can be used while the Vehicle is parked as wind generators to generate electricity. Aircraft propellers 7, operating in the “rotation of aircraft propellers under water” mode, do not exceed the calculated speed threshold leading to their destruction;

easily removable tracks 74, with each caterpillar placed on a wheel pair, for example, 13 and 16 and/or 2 and 5 and equipped with easily removable additional rollers 75. An easily removable track 74, for example, composit BEAVER SWT brand, is placed on a wheel pair, for example, 13 and 16, and easily removable additional rollers 75 are attached to the corresponding suspension spring 3 or 15; easily removable additional rollers 75 ensure a horizontal working position of the lower surface of the caterpillar 74 when overcoming uneven terrain or road;

The control system with the control panel is additionally equipped with a directional control system consisting of two rudders 60 and/or rudders 8, 19, while

the rudders 60 are made in the form of boat rudders for controlling the Vehicle when moving on a surface, for example, a water surface, a snow surface, ice (in this case, the lower part of the rudders is made of carbon steel - rudders with a edging of the lower part made of carbon alloy) and are located on the rear parts of the housing 1 with the possibility of their extension below the level of the bottom of the housing 1,

rudders 8, 19 are made in the form of aircraft rudders, located and secured in the rear part of the body 1 on vertical posts 76,

a remote control system located with the possibility of using the Vehicle in the form of an unmanned aerial vehicle,

parachute system located with the possibility of landing from a vehicle,

at least one additional engine, at least one additional electric generator and mechanics with the ability to duplicate the functions of the electric drive when equipping the Vehicle in the Arctic, northern version,

a voltage multiplier located with the possibility of supplying high voltage to the external metal circuit, anti-slip devices or quick-release mini-wheels pre-installed at the ends of the retractable rods, for example, 54, 55, with the possibility of electric drive from an autonomous power source for the drive of the retractable rods, for example, 54 , 55.

An autonomous power source for the drive of the extendable rods, for example, 54, 55, can additionally be used, for example,

for thawing the working surface of skis with planing surfaces 6, 12, 24, 27 or planing surfaces when they freeze to the surface;

to create an impulse using a restrictor device placed on the inner surface of the planing surfaces - skis to release the working surface of the skis with planing surfaces 6, 12, 24, 27 from the ice, while

The autonomous power supply is made with a connector on the side surface of skis 6, 12, 24, 27 with planing surfaces for recharging.

Additionally, for protection against wild animals, a high voltage can be supplied to the outer metal circuit of the housing 1 through a known voltage multiplier.

The off-road vehicle is designed to overcome low obstacles in the form of, for example, fallen trees; climbing to a hill, for example, a steep bank; overcoming high obstacles, for example, high fences, and moves as follows, while

in fig. 7-10 show the sequence of stepwise movement of the Vehicle during off-road FIG. 1, fig. 7 due to the rotation of the suspension arms 14, 23, 27, 6 and wheel or track pairs, for example, 13, 16, and 2, 5, around their rotation axes. Wheel or track pairs are facing, turned towards the surface and at the same time maintaining, with the suspension arms rotating counterclockwise due to kinematics (see above), a horizontal position - they act as supporting surfaces;

in fig. 11-16 show the sequence of automatic, remote change of wheel or track pairs to skis or planing surfaces, as well as the subsequent stepwise movement of the Vehicle of FIG. 1 fig. 11 off-road. The movement occurs thanks to the suspension arms 14, 23, 27, 6 rotating around their axes and the skis (planing surfaces) 16, 12, 24, 27 facing, turned to the surface and subsequently maintaining when the suspension arms rotate due to kinematics (see above) horizontal position - act as supporting surfaces;

in fig. 17-21 show the sequence of movement of the vehicle body of FIG. 1, fig. 17 off-road due to the rotation of pairs of wheels or tracks or skis around their axes of rotation, for example O1 and O4, and the suspension arms 6, 12, 24, 27 can at any time rotate in one direction or another around their axes, for example, O2, O3 and take the most optimal position relative to the body of the Vehicle;

in fig. 26-35 shows the sequence of overcoming a high fence 53 with a vehicle.

The movement of the Off-Road Vehicle on the highway is carried out as follows.

The movement is carried out in a standard mode, when the chassis is equipped with wheels in pairs and a mechanism (rotating suspension arms) for automatic clearance adjustment, which varies over a wide range both while driving and when parked, which makes it possible to ensure stealthiness of the Vehicle.

Movement is carried out on four pairs of wheels.

An engine is turned on, for example, a TOYOTA V8 with specified technical characteristics, which begins to rotate a well-known electric generator. From the generator, the required power is supplied to four electric motors, for example, Peak power with a power of 30 kW. each, for example, to a Peak power 67 electric motor. In this case, the drive, for example, to the wheelset 13, 16 through a sprocket (gear) 73, in the event of failure of the electric power unit, has the possibility of mechanical duplication through the cardan and chain drives.

After which the Vehicle begins to move along the highway due to the rotation of four pairs of wheels, for example, 2, 5, 13, 16 or four tracks FIG. 37 or due to the rotation of the two front pairs of wheels and two rear tracks or due to the rotation of the aircraft propellers 7 and the pushing moment created, the drive to the wheels or tracks, in this case, can be turned off.

If it is necessary to change the direction of movement of the vehicle, then the speed of rotation of the wheel pairs, for example, 2 and 5, 13 and 16, located on the side where it is necessary to direct the rotation, is reduced by reducing the speed of the electric motor 67.

To turn - turn the Vehicle in place, the wheels on each side of the body are rotated in different directions (on one side of the vehicle body - forward, on the other - back) by changing the speed on the desired electric motor in the opposite direction, i.e. in the opposite direction.

Braking of the Vehicle is carried out by reducing the speed of electric motors and recuperation, and in the case of a mechanical drive, by using friction clutches.

The off-road movement of the Off-Road Vehicle is carried out as follows.

The chassis is equipped with four tracks or two pairs of wheels and two tracks - in all-terrain vehicle mode. In special cases, when movement must be carried out under particularly extreme conditions, movement is carried out, for example, on four rotating travel springs or on four rotating travel springs with logs attached to them.

An engine is included, for example, a TOYOTA V8 with specified technical characteristics, moreover, in an arctic, northern version. The vehicle is equipped with two known engines and two known electric current generators, operating independently of each other or with redundant functions relative to each other.

A well-known electric generator was driven by an engine or engines from a control panel.

From the generator, through the vehicle control panel, the necessary power was supplied directly to four electric motors, for example, Peak power 67 with a power of 50 kW each. each, while the drive, for example, to the wheelset 13, 16 through the sprocket (gear) 73 can be duplicated from the engine, in the event of failure of the electrical part, through the mechanics.

Off-road movement is carried out by rotating four pairs of wheels, for example, 2 and 5, 13 and 16, or four tracks, or two pairs of front wheels and two rear tracks, or two front skis 12, 24 and two rear tracks.

If movement in standard mode becomes impossible in case of moving the Vehicle, for example, moving through a swamp or in very strong mud, or along sand, then using Peak power electric motors, for example, Peak power 66, powered by traction batteries, for example, SCIB Super Charge ion Battery from Toshiba is driven by four longitudinal suspension arms 4, 14, 23, 26 on both sides of the vehicle, which begin to rotate around their axes, for example, O2 and O3, while the wheel pairs, for example, 2 and 5, 13 and 16, while maintaining a horizontal position, thus allow step-by-step movement of the vehicle body 1 (Fig. 7-10).

If necessary, skis 6, 12, 24, 27 are additionally used, which, with the help of Peak power electric motors, for example, Peak power 68, due to the rotation of wheel pairs, for example, 2 and 5, 13 and 16, around their rotation axes O1 and O4, with the simultaneous rotation of the four longitudinal arms of the suspension 4, 14, 23, 26, around their axes of rotation, for example, O2 and O3, they occupy a lower horizontal position, thereby allowing, with the continued rotation of the four longitudinal arms of the suspension 4, 14, 23, 26 , around the axes of rotation, for example, O2 and O3, step-by-step movement of the body 1 is carried out (Fig. 11 - 16), while the aircraft propellers 7 can additionally be set to the mode of creating maximum thrust, thereby creating a very powerful pushing moment. If necessary, wheel and/or track pairs (Fig. 37), for example, 2 and 5, 13 and 16, 74, using Peak power electric motors, are brought into constant rotation around their axes O1 and O4 while not rotating, but occupying the most the optimal position of the four longitudinal suspension arms 4, 14, 23, 26 (Fig. 17-21). Moreover, Peak power electric motors can operate from a generator or from traction batteries, for example, SCIB Super Charge ion Battery from Toshiba.

With rotating aircraft propellers 7, thanks to the thrust they create, it is possible to move the Vehicle on skis with planing surfaces 6, 12, 24, 27 and/or on movable skis 28 and/or on the bottom 58 of the vehicle body not only on snow and water, but also in some cases through swamps, grass, and mud.

Braking of the Vehicle is carried out by reducing the speed of electric motors and recuperation, and in the case of a mechanical drive, by using friction clutches and brake pads.

The movement of the Off-Road Vehicle in the snow is carried out as follows.

When the movement is carried out on a snowy surface, the vehicle is a snowmobile and at the same time the chassis is changed, that is, the wheels or tracks are remotely replaced with skis with planing surfaces 6, 12, 24, 27 and movement on the snowy surface is carried out on four skis with planing surfaces surfaces 6, 12, 24, 27 and/or movable skis 28 and a planing bottom 58, or on two front skis with planing surfaces 12, 24 and two rear tracks 74.

They include a well-known engine, for example, TOYOTA V8, with specified technical characteristics. A well-known electric generator was driven by the engine. From the generator, through the vehicle control panel, the necessary power was supplied directly to two Peak power electric motors with a power of 50 kW, each of which is connected through a V-belt transmission to aircraft propellers 7 and due to the creation of a pushing moment by these propellers 7, the vehicle moves through the snow at four skis 6, 12, 24, 27, bringing them into working position by raising the wheel sets to the non-working position, and/or on movable skis 28, bringing them to working position and raising skis with planing surfaces above the level of the bottom and/or bottom 58, raising the wheelsets to the non-working position, housing 1 (Fig. 41, 42). Directional control is carried out due to two spring-loaded rudders 60 with carbon steel edging of the lower part of the rudder stays 60, as well as rudders 8, 19.

Braking of the Vehicle is carried out by four retractable flaps 63 located in the rear part of the body 1 on the stiffening ribs 62 of the bottom 58, as well as by simultaneously turning the rudders 8 and 19 in different directions at an angle of 90 degrees to the oncoming air flow and releasing the double flaps - flaps 20, elevons 18, 22 and/or due to the reversal of aircraft propellers 7.

The movement of the Off-Road Vehicle on water is carried out as follows.

When the All-terrain Vehicle moves on the water surface, the chassis propulsion is changed to skis with planing surfaces 6, 12, 24, 27, and the Vehicle is in airboat mode, while movement is carried out on four skis with planing surfaces 6, 12, 24 , 27 and/or movable skis 28 and/or planing bottom 58 of hull 1.

An engine, for example a TOYOTA V8, is turned on and a known electric current generator is driven into rotation. From the generator, through the vehicle control panel, we supply the necessary power directly to two Peak power electric motors with a power of 50 kW, each of which is connected through a V-belt drive to two aircraft propellers 7. Due to the creation of a powerful pushing moment by these propellers 7, the vehicle can move - planing on the water surface due to the presence of skis with a planing surface 14, 24, 27, 6 and/or movable skis 28 and a planing bottom 58 of the body 1, which are brought into contact with water into the working position.

In this case, the wheelsets were previously brought into a non-working position.

When the Vehicle enters planing - movement on the water is carried out using skis with planing surfaces 12, 24, 6, 27, the bottom 58 together with movable skis 28 can come out of contact with the water, while skis with planing surfaces 12 and 24, 6 and 27, spaced as far apart as possible relative to body 1 and in contact with the water surface, give the Vehicle additional stability.

The vehicle is additionally equipped with a water cannon and/or outboard motors.

Braking of the Vehicle is carried out by turning the rudders 59, 60 in different directions at 90 degrees to the oncoming water flow, as well as by turning the rudders 8 and 19, simultaneously turned in different directions at an angle of 90 degrees to the oncoming air flow, as well as releasing double flaps - flaps 20, elevons 18, 22 and/or due to the reversal of aircraft propellers 7.

Skis with planing surfaces 12, 24, 6, 27, and moving skis 28, for example, are made of composite materials.

The body 1 together with the bottom 58 is made, for example, of composite materials.

The movement of the Off-Road Vehicle under water is carried out as follows.

The movement of a cross-country vehicle under water, along the bottom of a shallow reservoir or lake is carried out due to the rotation of wheel pairs or tracks by electric motors powered by traction batteries. Movement on the movable skis 28 and/or the bottom 58 of the hull is carried out using electric motors powered by traction batteries and rotating two aircraft propellers at speeds that do not lead to destruction of the aircraft propellers and/or water cannons. It is also possible to move underwater in mini-submarine mode, while the propulsion system can also use aircraft propellers and/or water cannons powered by traction batteries at low speeds, and ensuring the required buoyancy of the Vehicle under water is achieved using a flat, quick-release, for example, rubber cavity, enveloping the upper part (roof) of housing 1, into which compressed air is supplied or vented.

If necessary, the vehicle can be equipped with a quick-release trim, also known as ballast, system and a mini periscope.

The drive to the chassis is carried out using two electric motors, for example, Peak power 50 kW. each powered by well-known traction batteries, for example, SCIB Super Charge ion Battery from Toshiba.

The movement of the Off-Road Vehicle in the air is carried out as follows.

When a Vehicle is flying at some considerable distance from the ground, this vehicle is an airplane. When flying near the surface of the earth, snow or water, the vehicle is an ekranolet in airplane mode.

A well-known engine, for example a TOYOTA V8, with specified technical characteristics is turned on, which drives an electric current generator.

The wing 11 is brought into working position, namely, it is opened from the position of a folded fan 25 to a position in the form of a circle 11.

Two well-known electric motors, for example, the Peak power brand with a power of 50 kW, each of which is connected to two aircraft propellers 7 via a V-belt drive.

In this case, if the V8 engine fails or stops, the electric motors automatically switch to traction batteries, for example, Toshiba’s SCIB Super Charge ion Battery.

When a given power is supplied to the electric motors, the aircraft propellers 7 begin to rotate and when the aircraft propellers 7 are put into takeoff mode, the vehicle accelerates on a surface, for example, a snow or water surface, or on the ground (highway) with subsequent takeoff.

Take-off is carried out from skis 6, 12, 24, 27 with planing surfaces or from wheels, or from tracks, or from planing surfaces of movable skis 28 and/or planing bottom 58, when the aircraft propellers 7 operate in take-off mode.

In this case, the skis 6, 12, 24, 27 with planing surfaces are in the working position, and the wheelsets, movable skis 28 and the bottom 58 are in the non-working position or

wheelsets in the working position, and skis 6, 12, 24, 27 with planing surfaces, movable skis 28 and bottom 58 in the non-working position or

movable skis 28 in the working position, and wheelsets, skis 6, 12, 24, 27 with planing surfaces and the bottom 58 in the non-working position or

the bottom 58 is in the working position, and the wheelsets, skis 6, 12, 24, 27 with planing surfaces and movable skis 28 are in the non-working position.

The movement of a cross-country vehicle on the ground overcoming low obstacles is carried out as follows. Movement is carried out on four pairs of wheels or tracks.

They include a well-known engine, for example, TOYOTA V8, with specified technical characteristics.

The vehicle, while moving, hits a low obstacle 52 with its body 1 (Fig. 22), after which the suspension arm, for example, 14 begins to rotate counterclockwise around the O2 axis, at the same time the wheel pair 13, 16 begins to rotate clockwise around its axis O1 to a position ensuring the horizontal position of the body 1. When the obstacle 52 reaches the axis of rotation O1 of the wheel pair 13, 16, this wheel pair is moved to the front position by rotating the suspension lever, for example, 14 around its axis O2 counterclockwise. after which the wheel pair 13, 16, rotating counterclockwise around its axis O1, comes into contact with the surface to continue the movement of the body 1 (Fig. 23, 24). When an obstacle 52 approaches the wheel pair 2, 5, the suspension arm 4 begins to rotate counterclockwise around its own axis O3, and the wheel pair 2, 5 simultaneously begins to rotate clockwise around its own axis O4 to a position ensuring the horizontal position of the body 1 (Fig. 24). When the obstacle 52 reaches the axis of rotation O4 of the wheel pair 12, 5, this wheel pair, due to the rotation of the suspension lever 4 around its axis O2 counterclockwise, is moved to the forward position, after which the wheel pair 13, 16 rotates counterclockwise " around its axis O1, comes into contact with the surface to continue the movement of the body 1 (Fig. 25). Obstacle 52 has been overcome. To track obstacles that arise as the Vehicle moves and track them relative to body 1, you can use sensors and an on-board computer additionally located in body 1, in which case the vehicle will overcome obstacles automatically.

The movement of the Off-Road Vehicle on the ground while overcoming high obstacles is carried out as follows.

They include a well-known engine, for example, TOYOTA V8, with specified technical characteristics.

The vehicle drives close to a high obstacle 53, the suspension arms 4, 14, 23, 26 are brought to a vertical lower position, all four pairs of wheels or tracks are brought to a vertical position, for example, skis with planing surfaces 6, 12, 24, 27 forward . After this, from the internal space - the cavity of the skis with planing surfaces 6, 12, 24, 27, rods are extended, for example, 54, 55, which, coming into contact with the surface, moving out of the skis with planing surfaces 6, 12, 24, 27, lift The vehicle is at a predetermined height, which ensures that the Vehicle is raised above the obstacle (Fig. 26), thereby maximizing the vehicle's ground clearance. The rods, for example, 54, 55, can be extended or retracted into the internal space of skis with planing surfaces 6, 12, 24, 27 in all known ways.

The extendable ends of the rods, for example, 54, 55, are additionally equipped with quick-release devices, for example, anti-slip devices, mini wheels.

Quick-release mini wheels are attached to the extendable ends of the rods, for example, 54, 55.

Resting the front bars, for example, 54, 55, on the surface, the Vehicle is moved forward due to small rotation of the suspension arms 4, 14, 23, 26 around their axes, for example, O2, O3 counterclockwise until the front part of the body hangs 1 above an obstacle 53, for example, in the form of a high fence, and the grip 51 is activated to prevent the front part of the housing 1 from sliding off the obstacle 53 (Fig. 26, 27). After fixing the front part of the body 1 with the upper part of the obstacle 53 with the grip 51, the front rods, for example, 54, 55, are pulled into the internal space of the front skis with planing surfaces 6, 12, after which the front suspension arms 14, 23 are rotated around their axes rotation, turning at a given angle, for example, 330 degrees, counterclockwise while simultaneously rotating the front wheelsets or tracks, or skis with planing surfaces 6, 12, 24, 27 around their axes of rotation counterclockwise (Fig. 28).

Due to the continued rotation of the front wheelsets or tracks, or skis with planing surfaces 6, 12, they come into contact with the back side of the obstacle 53 and thereby create a force sufficient to move (slide) the body 1 along the upper surface of the obstacle 53 (Fig. 29 ). Movement relative to the body 1 and the upper part of the obstacle 53 is carried out until the upper part of the obstacle 53 reaches a given distance to the conventional line of the center of gravity of the vehicle (Fig. 30), which ensures overcoming the obstacle 53. After this, the front suspension arms 14, 23 and the front wheel pair or track pair, or a pair of skis with planing surfaces 6, 12, again assume a vertical lower position, after which rods, for example, 54, 55, are extended from the internal space of the front skis with planing surfaces 6, 12 until they come into contact with the surface (Fig. 31, 32). Then, due to a given slight rotation of all four suspension arms 14, 23, 4, 26 around their axes counterclockwise, further movement (sliding) of the body 1 will occur relative to the upper surface of the obstacle 53, due to which the obstacle 53 will cross the conventional line of the center of gravity vehicle (Fig. 31, 32). Then the rear suspension arms 4, 26 (Fig. 3) are rotated around their axes counterclockwise, turning at a given angle, for example, 330 degrees, while simultaneously rotating the rear wheelsets or track pairs, or a pair of skis 24, 27 around their axes counterclockwise. Due to the rotation of the rear wheel pairs or track pairs, or a pair of skis with planing surfaces 24, 27, they come into contact with the back side of the obstacle 53 and thereby create a force sufficient for further movement (sliding) of the body 1 along the upper surface of the obstacle 53.

The movement of the housing 1 relative to the upper part of the obstacle 53 is carried out until the upper part of the obstacle 53 reaches the rear part of the housing 1 (Fig. 33). The role of the rear grips to prevent the rear part of the body 1 from slipping from the obstacle 53 is performed by four retractable braking flaps. After this, the rear suspension arms 4, 26 and the rear wheel pair or track pair, or a pair of skis with planing surfaces 24, 27 are brought to a vertical lower position and rods, for example, 54, 55, are extended from the internal space of the rear skis until they come into contact with the surface. After which the four brake flaps are retracted back to their original position and due to a given small rotation of all four suspension arms 14, 23, 4, 26 around their axes of rotation counterclockwise, the obstacle 53 is finally overcome (Fig. 34, 35). After this, all the rods, for example, 54, 55, are simultaneously retracted into the internal space of the skis with planing surfaces 6, 12, 24, 27, and the wheel pairs or track pairs, or pairs of skis with planing surfaces 6, 12, 24, 27 accept the lower horizontal position.

Example 1.

A vehicle with a wheeled chassis begins to move along the highway, for which the TOYOTA V8 engine is turned on, which begins to rotate the electric generator. From the generator, using a control panel, the necessary power is supplied through the power electrical part to four Peak power electric motors with a power of 50 kW each.

As a result, the Vehicle begins to move on the highway due to the rotation of four pairs of wheels with Good Year Eagle LS 2 255/50 R 19 107H Run Flat tires at a speed of 100 km/h. If it is necessary to change the direction of movement of the vehicle, then we reduce the speed of rotation of the wheel pairs, for example, 2 and 5, 13 and 16, located on the side where it is necessary to direct the rotation, by reducing the speed of the electric motor 67, as well as by braking the brake drums with brake bands.

To turn the Vehicle in place, the wheels on each side of the body are rotated in different directions (on one side of the vehicle - forward, on the other - backward) by changing the speed on the electric motor in the opposite direction, i.e. in the opposite direction.

Braking of the Vehicle is carried out by reducing the speed of electric motors and recuperation, as well as by brake drums and brake bands.

The drive to wheelset 13, 16 through sprocket 73 is duplicated from the engine through the gearbox, due to the failure of the electrical power part, through the cardan, rear axle with differential and brake drums with brake bands.

Example 2.

A vehicle with a crawler chassis begins to move along a road with fallen trees, for which a TOYOTA V8 engine is turned on, which drives an electric current generator.

Through the control panel and the power electrical part we supply power of 50 kW. on electric motors of the Peak power brand, as a result of which the Vehicle, while moving, runs over the body 1 into an obstacle in the form of a fallen tree, after which the suspension arm 14 with the help of an electric motor of the Peak power brand begins to rotate counterclockwise around the O2 axis, at the same time the caterpillar pair placed on the wheelset 13, 16, with the help of an electric motor of the Peak power brand, it begins to rotate clockwise around its axis O1 to a position that ensures the horizontal position of the body 1.

Composit BEAVER SWT tracks were used.

When the fallen tree reaches the axis of rotation O1 of the track pair, this pair, using a Peak power electric motor, by rotating the suspension lever 14 around its axis O2 counterclockwise, is moved to the forward position, after which this track pair rotates counterclockwise. around its axis O1 comes into contact with the surface for further movement of the body 1. When the fallen tree approaches the track pair 2, 5, the suspension arm 4 begins to rotate counterclockwise using a Peak power electric motor around its own axis O3, and the track pair 2 , 5 simultaneously begins to rotate clockwise around its own axis O4 to a position ensuring the horizontal position of the body 1. When the fallen tree 52 reaches the axis of rotation O4 of the track pair 12, 5, this track pair due to the rotation of the suspension lever 4 around its axis O2 against “clockwise” is moved to the forward position, after which the caterpillar pair, having rotated counterclockwise around its axis O1, comes into contact with the surface for further movement of the body 1. The obstacle in the form of a fallen tree has been overcome.

To track obstacles arising along the movement of the Vehicle and track them relative to body 1, sensors and an on-board computer were used, which ensured that obstacles were overcome automatically.

The claimed technical solution is an all-season, all-weather vehicle with the ability to take off and fly short distances, with super cross-country ability in off-road conditions for year-round communication between populated areas located in remote areas remote from the “mainland”, relating to special self-propelled vehicles of high cross-country ability and which can be used as transport in combat air, land or underwater robots; for military purposes, for special forces, for the Ministry of Emergency Situations; for the protection of forests and reserves; for extinguishing fires, both from the air and from the ground; for ambulance; for oil workers - when equipped with thermal imagers, radio and telemetry systems, to serve passengers between settlements located in hard-to-reach places that do not have access to year-round roads; for environmental monitoring; for businessmen and travelers; for hunters and fishermen, and also as a patrol vessel for the border service and coast guard; as a laboratory for detecting oil and gas output, servicing prospecting and geological exploration work, supporting work in Arctic conditions,

in the presence of increased maneuverability, maneuverability and survivability of the Vehicle due to the ability to perform various combined movements when overcoming obstacles in different environments due to design solutions, including the body and chassis, through various specified combined movements of structural elements with the ability to overcome obstacles in different environments, in non-standard driving conditions.

Claims (42)

1. A cross-country vehicle, including a hull, a chassis and a control system with a control panel, characterized in that the bottom of the hull is a planing surface and is equipped with four stiffening ribs located along the bottom of the hull in pairs on both sides of the bottom of the hull, two movable skis, located between the stiffening ribs along the entire length of the bottom, where each movable ski is made with a planing surface and is equipped with mini springs or springs installed between the bottom and the movable ski, four brake flaps, while the brake flaps are attached to the rear edges of the stiffening ribs with the possibility of braking, chassis the part is located on both sides of the body and contains a transmission, four rotating suspension arms arranged with the possibility of rotation around their axes clockwise or counterclockwise, four rotating travel springs, four wheel pairs, with the wheels connected in pairs and located symmetrically relative to the axes of rotation rotating running springs, at the ends of which there are quick-release mounts for wheel pairs, and the running springs themselves are mounted on suspension arms with the ability to rotate around their axes clockwise or counterclockwise, each wheel pair is equipped with a ski with a planing surface located above the wheel pair with the ability to move it from the upper position to the lower position and vice versa, eight or sixteen side springs, where each side spring is connected to a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, each ski with a planing surface is made with an internal cavity, inside of which there is a rod of a given size and shape with an extension mechanism from the internal cavity and retraction, which consists of a mini electric worm-type gearmotor and an autonomous power source, the transmission is designed with the possibility of multi-level damping of power impulses that arise when overcoming unevenness and includes a drive for each wheel pair, a drive for rotation of each road spring and a drive for rotation of each suspension arm, wherein each drive consists of a worm and/or chain transmission, engine or electric motor, the large cylindrical body of the worm wheel of the worm pair of the suspension arm is made of bronze and is fixed in the housing with the possibility of rotation, the worm shafts are made with an elongated the middle worm part and with an elongated spline part at both ends, the spherical bearing housings are wedge-shaped, the worm pair is made with the possibility of rotation and longitudinal movements relative to its axis by the worm shaft, transmitted through the corresponding worm wheel, which is kinematically connected through the sprocket and chain with the axis of rotation a running spring, at the ends of which a wheel pair is fixed symmetrically relative to the axis of rotation, one worm pair is installed with the possibility of rotating the suspension arm around its axis, and the other worm pair rotating the running spring is stationary together with a fixed sprocket, fixed on a small cylinder of a non-rotating worm wheel and connected through a chain with a sprocket mounted on the sleeve of the rotation axis of the running spring, at the ends of which a wheel pair is fixed, while both sprockets are made with the same number of teeth and the fixed sprocket is located so that when the suspension arm rotates through the chain, it can fix the sprocket mounted on the suspension arm sleeve, which occupies the same specified position in space, is additionally equipped with an autonomous life support system located inside the housing, and is a mini-pyrolysis installation with the ability to generate electrical energy based on the Peltier effect. 2. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a quick-detachable cavity that goes around the upper part of the roof of the housing and is configured to supply compressed air to a given pressure and release compressed air from it. 3. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a bicone aerodynamic wing of low aspect ratio, round in plan, located and fixed in the upper part of the body, made with the ability to open or fold like a fan in the form of a soft and/or hard segment shell , where in each shell segment there is a spar, in which one of the ends of the lower flange of each spar is fixed to one of the two axes of rotation at an angle of more than 90 degrees, and one of the ends of the upper flange of each spar is fixed to the axis of rotation at a given angle also of more than 90 degrees , the opposite ends of the spar flanges converge along the perimeter of the wing, which is equipped with dual elevons that perform the functions of elevators and ailerons and dual elevators that perform the functions of brake flaps and/or flaps during landing; each segment of the open wing is rigidly fixed in a given position using a mechanism wing opening with a duplicating function along the perimeter, which does not allow displacement of the segments relative to each other during flight, the shell in the open position in plan is a circle, while the bicone aerodynamic wing of low aspect ratio is made with the ability to fly in airplane mode without going into a tailspin, and with the ability to fly in parachute mode. 4. The all-terrain vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with two aircraft variable-pitch propellers located on vertical rudders, each of which is designed to create a pushing moment during movement and implement takeoff, landing and flight modes. 5. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with four tracks, with each track located on a wheel pair and equipped with rollers mounted on a corresponding running spring. 6. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a directional control system consisting of rudders made in the form of boat rudders, rudders made in the form of aircraft rudders. 7. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the power plate of the suspension arm is connected to a large cylindrical bronze worm wheel housing with the ability to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise. 8. A cross-country vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the suspension arm is installed with the possibility of synchronous and asynchronous rotation in relation to the given suspension arms by an electric motor powered by traction batteries through a worm shaft and a large cylindrical bronze body of the worm wheel and is equipped with a backup drive , connected through a cardan, rear axle with differential, gearbox with engine. 9. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the worm shafts of rotation of the running springs are equipped with autonomous electric drives with the possibility of independent synchronous and asynchronous rotation and are equipped with a backup drive connected through a cardan, a rear axle with a differential, and a gearbox with an engine. 10. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the wheel rotation mechanisms are equipped with autonomous electric drives with the possibility of synchronous and asynchronous rotation and are equipped with a backup drive connected through a cardan, a rear axle with a differential, and a gearbox with an engine. 11. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the suspension spring is mounted on a cylindrical suspension arm with the ability to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise. 12. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the suspension spring is installed with the possibility of rotation by an electric motor powered by traction batteries through a worm shaft, a small cylinder of a worm wheel with a sprocket mounted on it, and with the possibility of transmitting rotation through a chain to a cylindrical suspension arm cup with a suspension spring attached to it. 13. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the small cylinder of one worm wheel is installed inside a large bronze cylinder of the other worm wheel. 14. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the chassis drive shaft is located inside the small cylinder of the worm wheel. 15. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the chassis drive is located on the suspension arm and has an intermediate shaft. 16. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the suspension arm rotation drive, the suspension spring rotation drive, the chassis rotation drive are located on the suspension arm, and are an integral part of the suspension arm, and represent a single functionally connected mechanism. 17. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the suspension arm, suspension spring and chassis drive shafts are arranged to rotate independently of each other clockwise or counterclockwise in a given sequence or synchronously. 18. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper and lower assemblies of the suspension arm are designed to transmit three types of rotation in a given direction and at a given speed. 19. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the protection against dirt is made with the function of skis with planing surfaces. 20. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the chassis is made with the ability to change wheels to skis with planing surfaces or from skis with planing surfaces to wheels in automatic mode remotely due to rotation of the suspension arms and rotation of the travel springs around their axes of rotation. 21. A cross-country vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the chassis is made with the ability to change skis with planing surfaces to tracks or change tracks to skis with planing surfaces in automatic mode remotely due to rotation of the suspension arms and rotation of the running springs around their axes of rotation. 22. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the undercarriage is made with the ability to change skis with planing surfaces or wheels to movable skis and/or a planing bottom of the hull in automatic mode remotely by raising the undercarriage above the level of the bottom behind by rotating the suspension arms. 23. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the wheels are mounted in pairs with the possibility of rotation at the ends of the running springs and are located symmetrically relative to the rotation axes of the running springs. 24. A cross-country vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the chassis is made with the possibility of step-by-step movement using rotating suspension arms and four pairs of wheels or four skis with planing surfaces that maintain a horizontal or specified position relative to the surface and serve as support surfaces . 25. A cross-country vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the chassis is made with the possibility of step-by-step movement using rotating suspension arms and four tracks or two tracks and two skis with planing surfaces that maintain a horizontal or specified position relative to the surface and perform functions supporting surfaces. 26. A cross-country vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the chassis is made with the possibility of step-by-step movement using rotating suspension arms and four running springs or using four running springs with specified support surfaces fixed to the running springs, maintaining a horizontal or specified position relative to the surface and supporting surfaces performing the functions. 27. A cross-country vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the chassis is made with the possibility of step-by-step movement using rotating suspension arms and four travel springs with logs attached to them, maintaining a horizontal or specified position relative to the surface and performing the functions of supporting surfaces. 28. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the chassis is designed to move on eight wheels or on four wheels mounted in pairs, with four wheels or one in a raised position. 29. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the chassis is designed to move with constant rotation of the running springs around their axes with wheels and skis with planing surfaces attached to them or tracks and skis with planing surfaces with non-rotating arms suspensions occupying a given position. 30. A cross-country vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the chassis is designed to move with constant rotation of the road springs around their axes with the wheelsets removed and skis with planing surfaces with the suspension arms not rotating, but occupying a given position . 31. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the stiffening ribs are installed along the bottom of the hull, two on each side of the bottom of the hull with the possibility of additionally ensuring directional stability when driving on a snow or water surface and turning the vehicle. 32. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that four brake flaps are additionally located on the rear edges of the stiffening ribs with the possibility of their extension. 33. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a voltage multiplier located with the ability to supply high voltage to the external metal circuit. 34. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with at least one additional engine, at least one additional electric generator and mechanics with the ability to duplicate the functions of the electric drive. 35. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with anti-slip devices or quick-detachable mini-wheels pre-installed at the ends of the retractable rods with the possibility of electric drive from an autonomous power source for the drive of the retractable rods. 36. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the worm shaft is made with an elongated middle worm part and an elongated splined part at both ends of the shaft. 37. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the worm shaft is installed with the possibility of longitudinal movements. 38. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the worm shaft on one side or on both sides is rotatably secured with a side spring and through the side spring with a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder. 39. A cross-country vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the worm shaft is located with the ability to simultaneously perform two functions, transmitting rotation to the worm wheel and transmitting force impulses arising from unevenness during movement to the side spring and pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder for damping , damping these impulses. 40. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the side springs together with pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders are located with the possibility of returning the worm shaft to its original position, with the middle part of the worm section coinciding with the vertical axis of the worm wheel. 41. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the skis with planing surfaces are mounted to provide additional stability when moving on the water surface. 42. The off-road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the body is made of an aerodynamic shape.

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