RU2809179C2 - Method for performing switching of load stage switch by means of driving system and driving system for load stage switch - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method is for switching the load stage switch (8) by means of a drive system (3). The drive system (3) includes at least one motor (12) that acts on the drive shaft (16), a control device (2) and a sensor system (13) that is directly or indirectly connected to the drive shaft (16). The method contains four stages. At the first stage (40), the control device (2) receives a signal to switch the load stage switch (8). At the second stage (50), it is determined by means of the control device (2) whether switching has been performed from the (N₊) increasing direction or (N_-) decreasing direction to the current tap (N_J), and whether the switching is performed in the (N₊) increasing direction or direction (N_-) decreasing to the next tap (N_J+1, N_J-1). At the third stage (60), based on the determination in the second stage (50), one of several motion profiles (22) is selected for the drive system (3) of the load stage switch (8), on the basis of which the switching is performed. At the fourth stage (70), the switching is performed and controlled by the drive system (3) based on the selected motion profile (22).

EFFECT: increase of reliability of the load step switch.

19 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method for performing switching of a load stage switch using a drive system. The drive system includes at least one motor that drives the drive shaft. A control device and a sensor system are provided, the sensor system being directly or indirectly connected to the drive shaft.

The invention further relates to a drive system for a load step changer for carrying out the method according to the invention.

The drive for the load stage switch is known, for example, from the German utility model DE 20 2010 011 521 U1. In this load step switch drive there is a motor, which is rigidly connected by a system of levers to the corresponding load step switches. Actuation is carried out using hard wiring, in other words, by actuation of the motor contactors, the motor is turned on or off. The load stage switches are then activated via the drive shaft. Once assembled, nothing else can be changed in the drive. As a result, the drive becomes stiff and inflexible. The simplest adaptations require complex adjustment measures.

Load step switches are generally used to regulate voltage in various transformers. A drive system is used to operate the load stage switch. In this case, the motor located on the transformer housing is connected through a transmission mechanism to a load step switch. The motor is supplied with energy by actuating electromechanical contactors. Depending on the wiring, the engine is driven so that its drive shaft rotates in either one direction or the other. This type of actuation is unyielding and thus inflexible.

Based on this, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved concept for actuating a load step changer, whereby the flexibility of the load step changer and the safety of tap switching are improved.

This problem is solved using a method for performing switching of a load stage switch by means of a drive system, which includes the features of paragraph 1 of the claims.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a drive system for a load step changer, whereby the flexibility of the load step changer and the safety of tap switching are improved.

This problem is solved using a drive system for a load step switch, which includes the features of claim 13 of the claims.

To carry out the switching method according to the invention for the load stage switch, a drive system is provided. The drive system includes at least one motor that drives the drive shaft. The control device is communicatively connected to the sensor system, the sensor system being directly or indirectly connected to the drive shaft. The method is characterized by the following steps: first, the control device receives a signal to switch the load stage switch. In the next step, the control device determines whether a switch has been made from the increasing direction or decreasing direction to the current tap. It is then determined whether switching should be carried out in the increasing direction or decreasing direction to the next tap. In the next step, based on the determination in the previous step, one of several motion profiles is selected for the load step switch drive system. Switching is then carried out based on the selected motion profile(s). In the final stage, the switching is carried out and controlled by the drive system according to the selected motion profile.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, several motion profiles can be stored in the control device. A storage device may be associated with the control device to store motion profiles.

The switching mode of the load stage switch according to the concept of using multiple motion profiles has the advantage that gentler switching is possible, since the switching can be adapted to the mechanical existing conditions of the load stage switch. As a result, mechanical components can also be protected. Additionally, switching can be performed flexible. In addition, design features such as free play in the load stage selector are taken into account using appropriate motion profiles.

According to the invention, the first possible movement profile can describe the switching of the load stage switch in an increasing direction. Before switching, it is determined whether a switch has been made from a tap to the next higher tap. During the current switching, it is determined whether a switch is to be made from the next higher tap to the next even higher tap.

According to the invention, the second possible movement profile can describe the switching of the load stage switch in a decreasing direction. Before switching, it is determined whether a switch has been made from a tap to the next lower tap. During the current switching, it is checked whether the switch is being made from the next lower tap to an even lower tap.

In both cases, the selected motion profile rotates the load stage selector drive shaft through an integral multiple of 180 degrees. Preferably, the drive shaft of the load stage switch is rotated 180 degrees or 360 degrees. It may also be that the drive shaft can also rotate more than 360 degrees. Depending on the type of switch and drive system, the drive shaft is rotated according to the corresponding value.

According to a possible embodiment of the invention, a third possible motion profile may describe the switching of the load stage switch in an increasing direction. In this case, before switching, it is checked whether the switch was carried out during the previous changeover from the tap to the next lower tap. During the current switching, the switching is carried out in this case from the current lower tap again to the higher tap, taking into account the free movement of the load step switch.

According to a possible embodiment, the fourth possible motion profile may describe switching of the load stage switch in a decreasing direction. Before switching, it is checked whether the switch was carried out during the previous changeover from the tap to the next higher tap. During the current switching, the switching is carried out in this case from a higher tap again to a lower tap, taking into account the free movement of the load step switch.

The motion profiles are designed in such a way that they rotate the drive shafts by integral multiples of 180 degrees. To this is added an additional angle through which the rotation is made to take into account the free play of the transmission mechanism. Depending on the type of switch and drive system, the drive shaft is rotated according to the corresponding value and the free play value is added to it.

According to a possible further embodiment, the fifth movement profile can be designed in such a way that the movement profile from the outlet to the reached first next higher outlet or to the first next lower outlet is combined with at least one additional motion profile. Thanks to the combination, at least one further next higher tap or at least one further next lower tap can be achieved. The assignment of motion profiles is carried out before commissioning of the drive system.

The current tap is determined by the control device. The defined current tap serves to select the required motion profile or motion profiles. In contrast to the general idea of the invention, to select the profile of the invention, not only the directions are used, but also the positions of the load stage switch, in other words, the taps.

Each motion profile is formed from two variables and can be represented as an nth order polynomial function in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.

Stored motion profiles can be requested from the control unit or control unit of the drive system.

The inventive drive system for a load step changer for carrying out the method includes a drive shaft that connects the drive system to the load step changer. The engine serves to drive the drive shaft. The feedback system is designed to determine the position of the drive shaft. Based on the determined position, a feedback signal is generated. The control device is designed to influence the operation of the engine, depending on the selected motion profile and the feedback signal.

The control device includes a control unit and a power section. The power section serves to supply energy to the engine. At least one motion profile is stored in the memory of the power unit. The control unit selects the motion profile and the power unit acts on the engine in accordance with the motion profile.

The improved concept with motion profiles is based on the idea that before the load stage switch is switched or actuated, a motion profile is selected for the drive system with which the switching is performed. In this case, it must first be established in which position (outlet) the load step switch was previously, and to which position (outlet) it should switch. In this way, the appropriate motion profile for the drive system is selected for the next shift.

In addition, it can also be set where the load stage switch is located during switching, in other words in what position or in what stage (retraction) it is located. Supplementing the switching directions with the actual position can, in individual cases, also serve to select the driving profile. By selecting stage-specific switching or movement profile switching, the safety of the entire system is increased. In addition, the mechanical structural elements are not unduly loaded. Additionally, the switching speed can be optimized and, if possible, even increased.

Knowledge of the switching directions (past direction and future direction) in combination with the current stage allows the selection of an optimally executed movement profile for the next switchover. Mechanical free play, clearances and features during actuation are thus taken into account individually.

According to at least one embodiment of the invention, the switching signal is caused by a voltage regulator necessary for regulating the step transformer, a manual input or an external signal.

According to at least one embodiment of the invention, the control device has a memory in which each motion profile and the assignment of the motion profile to the switching stage, as well as the current stage, are stored.

According to at least one embodiment of the invention, the control device has a control unit and a power section, wherein the memory of the control unit stores the matching of the motion profile with the switching phase and the current stage, and the memory of the power section stores the motion profiles.

The drive system according to the improved concept can drive the drive shaft in a targeted manner, in other words according to a pre-selected motion profile. The motion profile determines more than just speed or torque. The motion profile also specifies at what point in time or at what position of the drive shaft what torque or what speed is realized on the drive shaft. By using such motion profiles, targeted areas of the switch circuit can be influenced. Using a feedback signal, the current position of the drive shaft, i.e. the actual value, is compared with the motion profile, i.e. the calculated value. This makes the system flexible and secure.

The terminology “drive shaft position” includes measured values from which the position of the drive shaft can be determined unambiguously, if necessary within a tolerance range.

According to at least one embodiment, the drive system serves to drive a shaft of a switch, a load step switch, or a corresponding load step switch component. Consequently, the load step switch is caused to perform one or more operations, such as switching between two winding taps of an equipment or switching part, such as load switching, selector actuation, or preselector actuation.

According to at least one embodiment, the drive shaft is connected directly or indirectly, in particular via one or more transmission mechanisms, to the load stage selector, in particular to the load stage selector shaft.

According to at least one embodiment, the drive shaft is connected directly or indirectly, in particular via one or more transmission mechanisms, to the load stage selector, in particular to the load stage selector shaft.

According to at least one embodiment, the drive shaft is connected directly or indirectly, in particular via one or more transmission mechanisms, to the engine, in particular to the engine shaft.

According to at least one embodiment, the position, in particular the absolute position, of the motor shaft corresponds to the position, in particular the absolute position of the drive shaft. That is, from the position of the motor shaft it is possible to unambiguously draw, if necessary within a tolerance range, the position of the drive shaft.

In at least one embodiment, the effect includes controlling, adjusting, braking, accelerating or stopping the engine. The adjustment may include, for example, position adjustment, speed adjustment, acceleration adjustment, or torque adjustment. At least in the case of such adjustments, the drive system can be said to be a servo drive system.

According to at least one embodiment, the drive system includes a control unit that is configured to monitor one or more switch operations based on a feedback signal. Control includes in particular control over whether individual operations or parts thereof are carried out correctly, in particular within predetermined periods of time.

According to at least one embodiment, the control device includes a control unit and a power section for controlled or regulated power supply to the engine. The control unit is designed to control the power unit. At least one motion profile is stored in the power part, which can be formed from two variables and represented as an nth-order polynomial function in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.

According to at least one embodiment, the power section is designed as a frequency converter or servo frequency converter or as an equivalent electronic, in particular fully electronic, unit for drive machines.

According to various embodiments, the control device includes a feedback system in whole or in part.

The absolute position of the drive shaft can, for example, be compared by a control device. If there is a significant deviation, the control device can issue an error message or trigger a safety measure.

According to at least one embodiment, the feedback system is configured to detect the position of the motor rotor and, depending on the rotor position, assign a value to the position of the drive shaft.

According to at least one embodiment, the rotor position refers to the angular range in which the motor rotor is located, optionally in combination with several full rotations of the rotor.

Depending on the design, in particular on the number of pole pairs, the rotor position or absolute position of the motor shaft can thereby be precisely determined up to at least 180°, for example by a control device. Thanks to the transformation by one or more transmission mechanisms, the resulting position accuracy of the drive shaft is significantly greater. The evaluation by the control device corresponds in this case to some extent to the function of a virtual sensor. Therefore, also in the event of a complete failure of the absolute value encoder of the feedback system, at least the emergency operating mode can be maintained and/or the load step switch can be brought to a safe position.

According to at least one embodiment, the feedback system includes an absolute value encoder that is located and configured to detect an absolute position of a drive shaft or an absolute position of an additional shaft that is coupled to the drive shaft, and based on the detected position, generate at least at least one output signal. The feedback system is configured to determine a value for the position of the drive shaft based on the at least one output signal.

According to at least one embodiment, the absolute value encoder is attached directly or indirectly to a motor shaft, a drive shaft or a shaft connected thereto.

According to at least one embodiment, the absolute value encoder includes a multi-turn encoder or a single-turn encoder.

According to at least one embodiment, the absolute value encoder is configured to detect the position of the drive shaft or the position of the additional shaft through a scanning method.

According to at least one embodiment, the scanning method includes an optical, magnetic, capacitive, resistive or inductive scanning method.

According to at least one embodiment, the feedback system includes a combination of an absolute encoder and an auxiliary contact, which in combination are arranged and configured to sense an absolute position of a drive shaft or an absolute position of an auxiliary shaft that is coupled to the drive shaft, and based on the registered position, generate at least one output signal. The feedback system is configured to determine a value for the position of the drive shaft based on the at least one output signal.

According to at least one embodiment, the absolute value encoder and the auxiliary contact are attached directly or indirectly to the motor shaft, the drive shaft or a shaft connected thereto.

According to at least one embodiment, the absolute value encoder is designed as a single-turn encoder or an incremental encoder or a virtual encoder. The auxiliary switch is made in the form of at least one microswitch or resolver or sin/cos sensor.

According to at least one embodiment, the absolute value encoder and the auxiliary contact are configured to detect the position of the drive shaft or the position of the auxiliary shaft by means of a scanning method.

According to at least one embodiment, the scanning method includes an optical, magnetic, capacitive, resistive or inductive scanning method.

According to at least one embodiment, the motion profile can be formed from two variables and represented as an nth order polynomial function in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.

According to at least one embodiment, the variables are direct quantities or indirect quantities of the drive system, such as time, drive shaft rotation angle, current, voltage, speed, torque or acceleration.

According to at least one embodiment, the variable may be represented in each case by an axis of the coordinate system.

According to at least one embodiment, the control device can act on the second motor.

According to at least one embodiment, the control device may have a second power section that acts on the second motor.

According to at least one embodiment, the control device can act on the second motor such that it executes a motion profile of the actual value of the first motor's feedback system.

According to at least one embodiment, the load stage switch has a load switch and a selector, as well as a double reversing switch or a reversing switch or a pre-selector.

The invention and its advantages will now be explained in more detail on the basis of the accompanying schematic drawings. Shown:

fig. 1 - drive for a load step switch, which can be used to switch between different taps of the transformer;

fig. 2 is a sequence of steps of a method for actuating a load step switch according to an improved concept;

fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a load step changer with a drive system according to an improved concept;

fig. 4a is a motion profile for a drive system according to the invention, which represents the rotation angle of the drive shaft as a function of time; And

fig. 4b is a motion profile for a drive system according to the invention, which represents the torque as a function of the rotation angle of the drive shaft.

For identical or identically acting elements of the invention, identical reference numerals are used. In addition, for clarity, the individual figures depict only those reference numerals that are necessary to describe the corresponding figure. The figures depict only examples of implementation of the invention, without, however, limiting the invention to the illustrated examples of implementation.

Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of the interaction of a switch 8 load stages with taps N ₁ , N ₂ , ..., N _{N of} the regulating winding 20 of the transformer 9. To actuate the selector 18 and the load switch 17, a motor 12 is provided, which, through a transmission mechanism 15, acts on the selector 18 and a load switch 17, that is, there are 8 load stages per switch. Via the motor shaft 14 and the drive shaft 16, the motor 12 acts on the 8-step load switch to effect switching in the N ₊ increasing direction from tap N _J to the next higher tap N _J+1 or in the N _- decreasing direction from tap N _J to the next lower tap N _J-1 of the regulating winding 20 of transformer 9.

Fig. 2 shows a sequence of steps of a method for actuating a load stage switch 8 using a drive system 3 according to the invention (see FIG. 3). In a first step 40, a signal for “switching” is first supplied to the control device 2. This signal is generated by a voltage regulator, monitoring system, or manual data entry (not shown here). That is, the load step switch 8 must, for example, be actuated in order to thereby adapt the voltage of the transformer 9 (see FIG. 1). However, adjustment movements during maintenance are also possible, in other words actuating the 8-stage load switch in maintenance mode. In the control device 2, it is then checked in a next step 50 in which direction (N ₊ increasing direction or N _- decreasing direction) of the transformer 9 the switching is carried out, that is, to which tap N ₁ , N ₂ , ..., N _N or step. In addition, it is checked from which direction (direction N ₊ increasing or direction N _- decreasing), that is, from which position or stage, the switch to the current position (retract N _J ) was made. The order of these stages is arbitrary. In a next step 60, a movement profile 22 corresponding to the result is selected, and with the help of this movement profile 22, the load stage switch 8 is actuated in the next step 70.

This simplified method allows simple 8-stage load switches to be actuated using only two or four motion profiles 22.

The first possible movement profile 22 here describes the switching of the load stage switch 8 in the N ₊ increasing direction, if the switching was not initially carried out in the N _- decreasing direction. In other words, before switching, a switch was made from tap N _J to tap N _J+1 , and now the switching must be done from tap N _J+1 to tap N _J+2 . Thus, switching is performed in the same direction, that is, the N ₊ increasing direction. In this case, the drive shaft 16 of the 8-stage load switch preferably rotates 180 degrees or 360 degrees. However, the drive shaft 16 can also rotate more than 360 degrees.

The second possible movement profile 22 describes the switching of the load switch 8 in the direction N _- decreasing, if at the beginning the switching was not carried out in the opposite switching direction. In other words, before switching, a switch was made from tap N _J+2 to tap N _J+1 , and now the switch must be made to tap N _J. Thus, the switching is carried out in the same direction. In this case, the drive shaft 16 rotates preferably 180 degrees or 360 degrees. However, the drive shaft 16 can also rotate more than 360 degrees.

If, for example, the 8-stage load switch has freewheel mechanisms (not shown), which are important when changing from the N _- decreasing direction to the N ₊ increasing direction or vice versa (that is, from the first switching direction to the second switching direction, and it is opposite first shift direction), these freewheel mechanisms must be taken into account when shifting. These freewheel mechanisms are components of the mechanical systems of the load switch 8, for example, due to booster devices, they are installed in the spring energy store or in the selector 18. For this purpose, the third and fourth movement profile 22 is stored in the control device 2. This motion profile 22 has characteristics that differ from those of the first or second motion profile 22. For example, the drive shaft 16 rotates during the third and fourth motion profiles 22 by a greater number of degrees than during the first and second motion profiles 22 of the previous shift. When switching, which is performed by rotating the drive shaft 180 degrees, the calculation must include a value that takes into account the freewheel mechanism. The drive system 3 rotates the drive shaft 16 in this case by more than only 180 degrees. In this case, the share from the freewheel mechanism is added to the base value, which is necessary to perform the switch. If subsequent switching is to occur again in the same direction (N ₊ increasing direction or _N− decreasing direction), the corresponding motion profile 22 is used.

The first and second or third and fourth movement profiles 22 can be made identical except for their signs. Fundamentally, the motion profiles 22 can differ from each other by each variable. They can pass, for example, faster or slower. They may be partially identical to each other, but they can be supplemented with an additional section.

To summarize, the motion profile 22 is selected based on the direction (N ₊ increasing direction or N _- decreasing direction) of the last switch and the direction (N ₊ increasing direction or N _- decreasing direction) of the next switch.

However, in the case of more complex 8-step load switches, the actual position or tapping stage in which the 8-step load switch is located must also be taken into account. In this case, the control device 2 additionally checks in step 50 which position or tapping stage the load stage switch 8 is currently in. In addition, it is checked to which position or tap the switch is to be made, and from which position or tap the switch was made to the current position. The order of these stages is arbitrary. In a next step 60, a movement profile 22 corresponding to the result is selected, and with the help of this movement profile 22, the load stage switch 8 is actuated in the next step 70.

A fifth movement profile 22 may also be provided here. It may be necessary for so-called through positions of the 8-stage load switch or for asymmetrically designed 8-stage load switches. In this case, the control device 2 detects that the next position is a so-called through position. That is, on the movement achieved with the help of profile 22, the first bend N _J+1 or N _J-1 should not be stopped. The selected and achieved withdrawal N _J+X or N _JX (X is a value equal to or greater than 2) can only be achieved using at least one additional movement profile 22 . Detection of such a switch is achieved due to the fact that the switching step from a certain tap N _J to another defined tap N _J+X or N _JX or the switching direction (N ₊ increasing direction or N _- decreasing direction) is coordinated with at least one additional movement profile 22 . This coordination takes place before the drive system 3 is put into operation and is stored in the memory 50 of the control device 2 or the control unit 10. Also, this motion profile 22 differs in its characteristics from the first and second motion profiles 22. In the case of the so-called through position, the drive shaft 16 must rotate many times more than during normal switching (from the current tap _NJ to tap _NJ+1 or _NJ-1 ) of the 8-stage load switch. This motion profile 22 is thus matched to a specific switching between two specific taps _NJ and _NJ+X or _NJ and _NJX .

In principle, it allows a combination of determining the switching directions (past and future) and the actual position or step, in order to select and execute a movement profile 22 directly oriented towards this switching.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a drive system 3 for a load switch 8. The drive system 3 is connected via a drive shaft 16 to an 8-stage load switch. The drive system 3 comprises a motor 12, which, via a motor shaft 14 and optionally a transmission mechanism 15, can drive a drive shaft 16. The control device 2 of the drive system 3 includes a power section 11, which contains, for example, a frequency converter (not shown) for controlled or adjustable power supply to the motor 12. The control unit 10 is connected to control the power section 11, for example via a bus 19. The drive system 3 has a sensor system 13 that serves as a feedback system 4 or is part of a feedback system 4 and is connected to the power section 11 (not shown). Further, the sensor system 13 is directly or indirectly connected to the drive shaft 16 (not shown).

The sensor system 13 is designed to register at least one first value for a position, in particular an angular position, for example the absolute angular position of the drive shaft 16. For this purpose, the sensor system 13 may include, for example, an absolute value sensor, in particular a multi-turn an absolute value sensor that is mounted on the drive shaft 16, the engine shaft 14, or another shaft whose position is uniquely related to the absolute position of the drive shaft 16. The position of the drive shaft 16 can be uniquely determined from the position of the engine shaft 14, for example through the gear ratio of the gear mechanism 15 .

The feedback system 4 is configured to register a value for the position of the drive shaft 16.

The control device 2, in particular the control unit 11 and/or the power part 12, is designed to regulate or control the motor 12 depending on the feedback signal that the value-based feedback system 4 generates.

The power section 11 has a memory 5 with stored movement profiles 22 . The sensor system 13, which is used as a feedback system 4, transmits to the power section 11 the position of the shaft 16 and thereby monitors whether the drive shaft 16 is correctly executing the movement profile 22 or whether the drive shaft 16 is complying with the specified parameters.

In the power section 11, several movement profiles 22 are stored. The control unit 11 selects one of the motion profiles 22 based on the one described in FIG. 1 way.

Fig. 4a and 4b show possible motion profiles 22 of the motor 12 for manipulating the switching of the load stage switch 8. Here, by way of example, motion profiles 22 are shown in each case as an nth order polynomial function with two variables, which are plotted on a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system 21. In the one shown in FIG. 4a of the motion profile 22, the X-axis 24 is marked with the time t, in other words, how long the drive shaft 16 drives the motor 12. The Y-axis 25 is marked with the rotation angle ω of the drive shaft 16. Plotted in FIG. 4a on axis 24, 25 the values are only examples and should not be understood as limiting the invention. The variables plotted on the X-axis 24 and Y-axis 25 can be direct quantities or indirect quantities of the drive system 3. The direct quantities can be, for example, time t, rotation angle ω of the drive shaft 16, current or voltage. Indirect quantities can be speed, torque, acceleration or the like.

Fig. 4b shows a possible motion profile 22 of the motor 12 for a shift manipulation of the switch 1. Here, the indirect torque value M(t) is plotted as a function of the rotation angle ω and plotted as an nth order polynomial function. In the one shown in FIG. 4b of the motion profile 22, the rotation angle ω is plotted on the X-axis 24. The torque M(t) acting on the drive shaft 16 is applied to the Y-axis 25.

The motion profile 22 specifies a design value that the drive shaft 16 must perform. When the motion profile 22 is executed, the actual value that is recorded by the feedback system 4 may deviate from the design value. Depending on the possible predetermined deviation of the actual value from the calculated value, the effect on the motor 16 can either be interrupted or continued. The deviation can either be set manually or detected through a learning process.

LIST OF REFERENCE POSITIONS

2 control device

3 drive system

4 feedback system

5 memory

8 load stages switch

9 transformer

10 control unit

11 power section

12 engine

13 sensor system

14 motor shaft

15 gear mechanism

16 drive shaft

17 load switch

18 selector

19 tire

20 control winding

21 Cartesian coordinate systems

22 motion profile

24 X-axis

25 Y-axis

Stage 40

Stage 50

Stage 60

Stage 70

N ₊ increasing direction

N _- descending direction

N ₁ , N ₂ ,…,N _N outlet

T time

M(t) torque

ω rotation angle

Claims (30)

1. A method for switching a switch (8) of load stages by means of a drive system (3), wherein the drive system (3) includes at least one motor (12) that acts on the drive shaft (16), control device (2) and a sensor system (13) that is directly or indirectly connected to the drive shaft (16); characterized by the following stages: - at the first stage (40), the control device (2) receives a signal to switch the load stage switch (8); - in the second stage (50), by means of the control device (2), it is determined whether switching has been performed from the direction (N ₊ ) of increasing or direction (N _- ) decreasing to the current tap (N _J ), and whether switching is performed in the direction (N ₊ ) increasing or decreasing direction (N _- ) to the next tap (N _J+1 , N _J-1 ); - at the third stage (60), based on the determination at the second stage (50), one of several motion profiles (22) is selected for the drive system (3) of the load stage switch (8), on the basis of which the switching is performed; And - in the fourth stage (70), the switching is performed and controlled by the drive system (3) based on the selected movement profile (22). 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein several motion profiles (22) are stored in the control device (2). 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first possible movement profile (22) describes the switching of the load stage switch (8) in the direction of (N ₊ ) increasing, and before switching it is determined whether the switch has been made from the tap (N _J ) to the next higher tap (N _J+1 ), and during the current switching, switch from the next higher tap (N _J+1 ) to the next even higher tap (N _J+2 ). 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second possible movement profile (22) describes the switching of the load stage switch (8) in the direction (N _- ) of decreasing, and before switching it is determined whether switching has been performed from the tap (N _J+2 ) to the next lower tap (N _J+1 ), and during the current switching it is checked whether the switch is made from the next lower tap (N _J+1 ) to an even lower tap (N _J ). 5. Method according to claim 3 or 4, whereby by means of the movement profiles (22) the drive shaft (16) is rotated by an integral multiple of 180°. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the third possible movement profile (22) describes the switching of the load stage switch (8) in the direction of (N ₊ ) increasing, and before switching it is checked whether the switch has been made from the tap (N _J+1 ) to the next lower tap (N _J ), and during the current switching, it is checked whether the switch is performed again to the next higher tap (N _J+1 ) from the tap (N _J ), taking into account the free movement of the load stage switch (8). 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fourth possible movement profile (22) describes the switching of the load stage switch (8) in the direction of (N _- ) decreasing, and before switching it is checked whether the switching has been performed from the tap (N _J+1 ) to next higher tap (N _J+2 ), and during the current switching, check whether switching is performed again to the next lower tap (N _J+1 ) from tap (N _J+2 ) taking into account the free movement of the switch (8) load stages . 8. Method according to claim 6 or 7, whereby by means of the movement profiles (22) the drive shaft (16) is rotated by an integral multiple of 180° plus an additional angle value in order to take into account the free movement of the transmission mechanism (15) of the load stage switch (8) . 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fifth movement profile (22) is carried out in such a way that the movement profile (22) from the bend (N _J ) to the first next higher bend (N _J+1 ) or to the first next lower one is reached bend (N _J-1 ) is combined with at least one additional motion profile (22) in order to achieve at least one further next higher bend (N _J+X ) or at least one further next lower bend ( N _JX ), and the assignment of movement profiles (22) is carried out before putting the drive system (3) into operation. 10. Method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-9, and the current tap (N _J ) is determined by the control device (2) and serves to select the required movement profile (22). 11. Method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10, and each motion profile (22) is formed from two variables and can be represented as a polynomial function of the nth order in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system (21). 12. Method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-11, wherein the stored motion profiles (22) are requested from the control device (2) or the power part (11) of the drive system (3). 13. Drive system (3) for load stage switch (8) for performing the method according to any one of claims. 1-12, including: - drive shaft (16), which connects the drive system (3) with the load stage switch (8); - motor (12) for driving the drive shaft (16); - a feedback system (4), which is designed to determine the position of the drive shaft (16) and, based on this position, generate a feedback signal; And - control device (10), which is designed to influence the operation of the engine (12), depending on the selected motion profile (22) and the feedback signal, characterized in that the control device (10) is designed and formed in order to carry out the steps of claim 1. 14. Drive system (3) according to claim 13, wherein the control device (2) includes a control unit (10) and a power part (11), wherein the power part (11) serves to supply power to the motor (12), and the said at least one motion profile (22) is stored in the memory (5) of the power unit (11), and the control unit (10) selects the motion profile (22), and the power unit (11) acts on the motor (12) in accordance with the profile ( 22) movements. 15. Drive system (3) according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the feedback system (4) includes a sensor system (13) which is configured and arranged to detect the position of at least the drive shaft (16). 16. The drive system (3) according to claim 15, wherein the sensor system (13) includes an absolute value sensor and an auxiliary contact, which in combination are located and configured to detect the absolute position of at least said one drive shaft (16 ). 17. The drive system (3) according to claim 16, wherein the absolute value encoder and the auxiliary contact are attached directly or indirectly to the motor shaft (14), the drive shaft (16) or a shaft connected thereto. 18. The drive system (3) according to claim 16, wherein the absolute value encoder is made in the form of a single-turn encoder, or an incremental encoder, or a virtual encoder, and the auxiliary switch is made in the form of at least one microswitch, or a resolver, or sin/cos sensor 19. Drive system (3) according to any one of claims. 16-18, wherein the absolute encoder and the auxiliary contact are configured to detect the position of the drive shaft (16) or the position of the auxiliary shaft by scanning.

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