RU2805485C1 - Feed additive for feeding broiler chickens and method for its application - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: methods for feeding broiler chickens. The feed additive for feeding broiler chickens includes the green mass of wheat sprouts, the remains of sprouted wheat grain and its root system. The additive also contains shell flour and phosphate meal. Sprouted wheat grain, together with its green mass and root system, is presented in the form of pulp fermented with a mesophilic starter with a bacterial composition that includes strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis (L), Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris (K), Lactococcus lactis subsp.diacetilactis (E) Leuconostoc lactis in equal quantities. The feed additive is given to broiler chickens from 7 days of age to 40 days, replacing the feed mixture of the main diet with a feed additive at a dose of 4.5 wt.%

EFFECT: increasing the dynamics of growth of live weight of broiler chickens.

2 cl, 17 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of feeding broiler chickens.

There is a known, accepted analogue, method of feeding poultry, including hydroponic green food (growing greens without soil). Hydroponic food (from Greek - water and pónos - work) - green mass used for vitamin feeding of poultry, obtained by germinating cereal grains or legumes for 7-8 days on special nutrient media under intense lighting. (Feeding poultry from A to Z. Spiridonov I.P., Maltsev A.B., Davydov V.M., Omsk, 2002, p. 73.)

Hydroponic green feed is added as a top dressing at the rate of 10 g per head per day to the birds of the parent flock of the Rodonit cross of JSC Vladimirskoye, Krasnodar Territory. Due to the additional intake of carotenoids with green mass, it was possible to obtain a hatching egg with a content of carotenoids of 19-22 μg/g, vitamin B2 - 5.0-5.5 μg/g of yolk and 4.0-4.3 μg/g of protein, vitamin E - 70-80 mcg/g, the average hatching percentage of chickens on the farm was 82%. In the Blagovarsky State Nature Reserve (Bashkortostan), it is known that young and adult ducks are fed hydroponic mass, which consists of green mass, root system and grain residues in an amount of 15-25%. At the same time, the content of carotenoids in hatching eggs can be increased to 16-20 μg/g, and the hatching percentage of ducklings is maintained at 78%. (Grain germination and hydroponic production of green fodder. Methodological recommendations edited by T.M. Okolelova et al. VNITIP, 2006, 23 p.)

However, the method of feeding poultry by adding green mass obtained by hydroponic grain germination to the main diet leads to an increase in the cost of the diet and an increase in the cost of the finished product, which are disadvantages of analogues.

The closest technical solution adopted for the prototype is a method when broiler chickens are fed the main feed mixture and a feed additive consisting of green mass, grain residues and the root system of seedlings in the age period of 1-42 days, replacing the main feed mixture with a feed additive in a dose 10-15%, while the feed additive additionally contains sapropel, and the components of the feed additive are grown on the basis of sapropel. The invention makes it possible to increase the safety of chickens and reduce feed costs per unit of production. RF Patent No. 2432777 dated 04/08/2010 for the invention “Method of feeding broiler chickens”, authors P.A. Lagutov and etc.

The disadvantage of this method is the insufficiently high dynamics of live weight gain of broiler chickens and the safety of their livestock, high feed costs per unit of production, and low shelf life of the additive.

The technical result is to increase the dynamics of live weight gain of broiler chickens, the safety of their livestock, reduce feed costs per unit of production and increase the shelf life of feed additives.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the feed additive for feeding broiler chickens, including the green mass of wheat sprouts, the remains of sprouted wheat grain and its root system, according to the invention, additionally contains shell flour and phosphate rock, and the sprouted wheat grain together with its green mass and the root system is presented in the form of pulp fermented with a mesophilic starter with a bacterial composition, including strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis (L), Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris (K), Lactococcus lactis subsp.diacetilactis (D) Leuconostoc lactis, in equal quantities , with the ratio of components:

- sourdough - 2%;

- wheat sprout pulp - the rest,

the ratio of ingredients in the finished feed additive is:

- fermented wheat sprout pulp, dried to 4-5% humidity - 24-30%;

- phosphate rock - 35-38%;

- shell flour - 35-38%.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the feed additive is given to broiler chickens from 7 days of age to 40 days, replacing the feed mixture of the main diet with a feed additive at a dose of 4.5% by weight.

A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with known feed additives for feeding broiler chickens allows us to conclude that it meets the “NOVELTY” criterion, since as a result of the patent information search, the proposed set of essential features of the invention was not found.

A comparison of the claimed technical solution with known ones made it possible to identify features that are not obvious to an industry specialist in connection with the technical result achieved by the entire set of essential features. This allows us to conclude that the proposed technical solution meets the “INVENTIONAL LEVEL” criterion.

The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of “INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY”, as it can be used when feeding broiler chickens in existing enterprises.

The claimed feed additive for feeding broiler chickens is illustrated by an example of its specific manufacture and use.

Wheat and barley sprouts were obtained by washing, soaking and sprouting wheat grains with further drying to a grain moisture content of 4-5%. Washing is carried out to activate enzyme systems in the grain that promote germination. The purpose of the subsequent soaking process is to remove light grain and non-grain impurities, disinfect the grain and bring the grain to the moisture content required for germination (40-48%). Soaking occurs with periodically replaced water at a temperature of 12-14°C, due to which putrefactive microflora does not develop in the grain and physiological processes do not slow down. Aeration was also ensured, as it protects the grain from wasting carbohydrates and creates conditions for the preservation of extractive substances during germination. For germination, boxes with air chambers, a ventilation system and devices for turning and moving grain were used. The boxes had the shape of long rectangles with a slope in the middle of the bottom, which ensured the flow of water into which sieves with grain were installed, and air was supplied into the free space under them using a fan. Thus, the grain was cleaned and saturated with moisture. After reaching the required degree of germination, the grain was crushed in a grain crusher.

To ferment the pulp of wheat sprouts, we used a mesophilic starter with a bacterial composition consisting of: Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis (L), Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris (K), Lactococcus lactis subsp.diacetilactis (D) Leuconostoc lactis, taken in equal quantities. The inoculating dose into the liquid sterile nutrient medium MRS was 2%. The MRS nutrient medium had the following composition: manganese sulfate - 0.05, magnesium sulfate - 0.2, potassium hydrogen phosphate - 2.0, ammonium nitrate - 2.0, sodium acetate - 5.0, peptone - 10.0, yeast extract - 5.0, meat extract - 10.0, glucose - 20.0, Tween-80-1.0 ml, agar-agar - 20.0. pH of the environment is 6-6.5. Next, cultivation took place in a thermostat at a temperature of 30°C for 24 hours. Next, 2% of the starter was added to the sprout pulp, hermetically packaged and thermostated for 5 days at a temperature of 30°C. Then drying is carried out with warm air with the following drying modes: physiological - 45°C to 30% humidity, enzymatic - with a gradual increase to 70°C up to 10% humidity, chemical at 80°C up to 4-5% humidity.

The invention makes it possible to increase the dynamics of live weight gain and the safety of broiler chickens, reduce feed costs per unit of production, and also increase the shelf life of the additive due to canning by fermentation and further drying.

The effectiveness of the claimed feed additive lies in the fact that due to the use of fermented sprout pulp in a complete feed, the content of vitamin C increases, and the use of shell meal and phosphate rock makes it possible to partially replace feed chalk and monocalcium phosphate without loss in the safety of broiler chickens and nutritional value, as well as to increase the dynamics of live weight gain. Additionally, the claimed feed additive is a source of probiotic microorganisms that have a positive effect on the activity of the gastrointestinal tract of poultry.

Broiler chickens were kept on the floor in a section with replaceable bedding (rice husks), trough feeders, nipple and vacuum drinkers. In the second group, chalk and monocalcium phosphate were completely excluded from the PC and GZMK-1 was used as a source of calcium and phosphorus, as well as biologically active substances in the sprout pulp, based on shell and phosphate rock and wheat sprout pulp fermented with a bacterial starter. The chickens of the third group were fed according to the analogues of the second group, but GZMK-2 with a different percentage of components was used in the PC (Table 1).

Table 2 shows the composition of the manufactured additive GZMK 1.

Table 3 shows the composition of the manufactured additive GZMK 2.

Stages of manufacturing additives GZMK 1 and GZMK 2:

1. Washing and disinfection of wheat

2. Soaking wheat in water for 24 hours

3. Wheat germination 7 days

4. Obtaining pulp from wheat sprouts

5. Fermentation 7 days

6. Drying to 50% humidity

7. Grinding

8. Adding phosphate rock and shell flour

The groups were formed by the method of analogue pairs from day-old broiler chickens, 40 heads in each group, on healthy birds, identical in origin, age, sex, live weight, and general development. Groups were formed by random sampling after individual weighing.

Broiler chickens were kept in groups, in cage batteries, while observing the technological parameters recommended for this type of poultry.

Poultry of all groups were subjected to veterinary treatment according to the scheme of preventive measures according to the accepted rearing scheme.

At the end of growing, a control slaughter of 6 birds from each group was carried out and blood was collected for analysis.

The main indicators taken into account in the experiment:

- safety of livestock (%) - daily as a percentage of the initial livestock for individual growing periods;

- live weight - by weekly individual weighing on electronic scales;

- live weight gain for the period (g) - gross gain is obtained by the difference between live weight at the end of the period and at the beginning, average daily - by dividing the difference between live weight at the end and at the beginning of the experimental period by the number of days of experiment;

- average daily feed consumption (g) was taken into account over the experimental periods by summing the mass of the daily given amount of feed minus its remains in the feeders at the end of the accounting period;

- feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain (kg) were determined as the ratio of the amount of feed consumed by one chicken on average for the group (kg) to the gross gain of live weight (kg) of one chicken during the accounting period;

- weight of an uneviscerated carcass (without blood, feathers, down), a gutted carcass (additionally without the head, legs, wings, gastrointestinal tract, genitals);

- development of the internal organs of the bird (by determining the mass of the intestine, glandular stomach, muscular stomach, liver, heart);

- digestibility of nutrients and digestibility of minerals and nitrogen;

- biochemical blood parameters;

- economic indicators.

In the laboratory of the Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Kuban State Agrarian University named after. I.T. Trubilin, the quality indicators of the seedlings and the feed additive were checked, the results of which are presented in Table 4.

The composition and nutritional value of starting complete feed for broiler chickens are presented in Table 5.

During the growth phase, broiler chickens received growth complete feeds, the composition and nutritional value of which are presented in Table 6.

At the finish line, broiler chickens received finishing complete feed, the composition and nutritional value of which is presented in Table 7.

It follows from the table that the composition and nutritional value of the final complete feed for broiler chickens were completely balanced in composition and nutritional value for the given type and age of the bird.

Qualitative indicators and composition of mineral additives are presented in Table 8.

To solve the set problems in the vivarium of the FGBNU KSCZV, an experiment was conducted on feeding broiler chickens in accordance with the Methodological recommendations for conducting scientific research on feeding poultry (Sergiev Posad, 2013) on 3 groups of broiler chickens of the Arbor Acres breed, 40 birds each with 7 -day to 40 days of age.

The control group of broiler chickens was fed with a feed mixture prepared in accordance with the Methodological Recommendations for Conducting Scientific Research on Feeding Poultry (Sergiev Posad, 2013)

The experimental groups were given mixed feed, replacing the specified feed mixture with the claimed feed additive at a dose of 4.5% by weight.

When fattening poultry for meat, one of the main indicators taken into account is live weight (Table 9).

On the 14th day of growing, there was a trend towards a decrease in the live weight of poultry in the second group of experiments by 1.5%, in the third - an increase of 0.7% relative to the control.

On the 28th day, there is also a tendency for this indicator to increase in the experimental groups versus the control by 1.0 and 0.5%, respectively.

On the 40th day of testing, when using GZMK 1, the live weight of the birds of the second group increased at the trend level by 0.1%; when using GZMK 2 - decreased by 0.5% relative to the control.

Despite feeding broiler chickens up to 40 days of age with the same complete feed, it is possible to

note minor differences in live weight, which, in our opinion, is quite understandable and depends on a certain ratio in the group of males and females. The best indicators of live weight dynamics are visible in the second experimental group.

The dynamics of changes in the average daily gain of poultry live weight are presented in Table 10.

The most intensive growth of broiler chickens was observed up to 40 days of age, which is consistent with the results of studies by other authors.

The greatest average daily gain was observed in the growth phase in group 2, where the GZMK-1 supplement was used, which increased the gain by 5.0%. The use of the GZMK-2 additive increased the figure by 4.5%.

At the same time, the use of the GZMK 2 additive in the finishing feed for broiler chickens of the third group reduced the average daily increase in live weight of the birds in the last fattening period by 1.1%, and the addition of GZMK-1 with fermented wheat sprouts in the second group left the indicator unchanged.

The consumption of complete feed by broiler chickens by experimental periods is presented in Table 11.

In the period 15-28 days, feed consumption by poultry in the experimental groups was lower than the control by 1.6 and 1.7%, respectively.

In the finishing period, this indicator in the second and third groups was lower than the control by 4.2 and 1.4%, according to the sequence of groups.

The use of fermented sprouts reduced the average daily feed consumption of broiler chickens in the second and third groups over the entire period of the experiment by 2.8% and 1.6%, respectively, compared to the first group.

In accordance with data on the growth rate of young broiler chickens and feed consumption, we calculated feed costs for live weight gain by experimental periods (Table 12).

Despite the formation of analogue groups of broiler chickens at 7 days of age and the use of feed of the same composition and nutritional value, differences in feed costs for growth up to 40 days of age were noted in all groups. Given the same housing conditions, this indicates significant genetic heterogeneity of the broiler chicken flock, despite the fact that they were obtained from the same batch of eggs. The latter also indicates the significant productive potential of the broiler chicken population and the need for thorough breeding work to obtain marketable young stock.

In the first 7 days of the experiment, feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain were at the level of 1.30-1.33 kg, that is, they practically did not differ between groups.

In the period 15-28 days, this indicator in the second group decreased by 3.9%, in the third - by 2.3% relative to the control.

Analyzing the last growing period, when the composition of feed was changed in the experimental groups, when using GZMK 1, feed costs per 1 kg of poultry live weight gain decreased by 4.0%, when using GZMK 2 - by 0.5% against the control value. At the same time, in general, during the experiment the greatest deviations from the indicator in the first group were noted in the second group of birds - 2.7% lower. In the third group, this indicator was lower than the control by 1.1%.

At the end of the experiment (40 days), a control slaughter and anatomical cutting of broiler chicken carcasses was carried out to assess their meat qualities, as well as the development of internal organs and intestines. The main results of the control slaughter of broiler chickens are presented in Table 13.

In the control group of broiler chickens, the slaughter yield was 73.01%, and in the second and third groups it was 2.73% and 2.25% higher, respectively.

Live weight before slaughter increased at the trend level in the second experimental group against the control by 2.3%, in the third it decreased at the trend level by 2.0%.

The weight of the gutted carcass increased at the trend level in the experimental groups relative to the control by 1.1 and 1.0%, respectively.

The yield of eviscerated carcass shows a dynamic increase in the second group relative to the control by 2.73%, in the third - by 2.25%.

The weight of the pectoral muscles increased in comparison with the control by 3.7% at the trend level when using GZMK 1, when using GZMK 2 - by 4.3%.

There was a dynamic increase in the mass of the femoral muscles in the experimental groups relative to the control by 3.3 and 2.8%, respectively.

There was a tendency towards an increase in the mass of the lower leg muscles in the second experimental group against the control by 12.4%, in the third - by 3.6%.

The total muscle weight also shows a dynamic increase relative to the control in the second and third groups by 5.3 and 3.8%, according to20 the sequence of groups.

The specific weight of the pectoral muscles in the second experimental group decreased by 0.57% against the control, and in the third it increased by 0.84%.

The specific weight of the thigh muscles decreased in the second group by 0.51% compared to the control, and in the third it increased by 0.21%.

The specific weight of the lower leg muscles of birds in the experimental groups increased by 0.71 and 0.23% relative to the control.

As a result, the total weight of the lower leg muscles increased by 1.28% with the use of GZMK 2, and decreased by 0.37% with the use of GZMK 1.

The mass of skin with subcutaneous fat increased at the trend level by 10.9% in the second experimental group, and in the third it decreased unreliably by 9.0%.

The results of studying the weight development of internal organs in young broiler chickens are shown in Table 14.

Biometric processing of the obtained data on the absolute and relative mass of internal organs did not reveal significant differences in the studied indicators. However, when using fermented wheat sprouts, a decrease in the specific gravity of the intestine to the weight of the ungutted carcass was noted - by 0.2 and 1.3%, respectively.

Biometric processing of the obtained data on the absolute and relative mass of internal organs did not reveal significant differences in the studied indicators. However, when using fermented wheat sprouts, there was a trend towards a decrease in the specific weight of the intestine to the weight of the ungutted carcass - by 0.2 and 1.3%, respectively.

In general, the developed diets did not have a negative impact on the development of the internal organs of the bird. Their morphological structure, an externally defined structure, was characteristic of healthy organs without visible signs of pathology.

As a result of deboning of carcasses and morphological assessment of the development of muscle tissue of the experimental bird, a homogenate of the muscles of the thigh, leg and

pectoral muscle in equal parts was subjected to chemical analysis, the results of which are presented in Table 15.

Note: * - P<0.05; ** - P<0.01*** - P<0.001

The moisture content in the pectoral muscle decreased at the trend level in the experimental groups versus the control by 0.12 and 0.34%, respectively.

Feeding groups of complete feeds with different compositions, but similar in nutritional value, ensured a fairly high protein content in the muscle tissue of broiler chickens (19.21-20.55%). There was a significant increase in the crude fat content in the pectoral muscles of the groups that ate feed additives with fermented wheat sprouts by 0.98 (P<0.001) and 0.88% (P<0.01), respectively.

The level of ash practically did not differ between groups and was at the level of 1.09-1.19%.

The calcium content in the pectoral muscle homogenate decreased unreliably by 7.7 and 15.4%, according to the sequence of groups.

The level of phosphorus increased at the trend level in the second and third groups by 1.9% relative to the control.

The calorie content of meat when using GZMK 1 increased by 5.8%, when using GZMK 2 - by 6.2% relative to the control.

In the leg muscles, the level of moisture significantly increased compared to the control when using GZMK 2 by 3.0% (P<0.01), when using GZMK 1 this indicator practically did not change (increased at the trend level by 0.04%).

The percentage of fat in the muscles of the poultry's legs significantly decreased relative to the first group when using GZMK 2 by 2.82% (P<0.001). When using GZMK 1, this indicator unreliably decreased by 0.77%.

The ash content in the muscle tissue of the legs increased significantly in the second group against the control by 0.22% (P<0.05); in the third group, this indicator increased at the trend level by 0.05%.

The calcium content decreased unreliably by 8.8% in the second group against the control, in the third - by 11.8%.

When using GZMK 1, there was a trend towards an increase in phosphorus content by 7.1 relative to the control, and when using GZMK 2, there was a trend towards a decrease in this indicator by 7.1%.

A complex indicator of the energy value of meat is its calorie content, calculated using the formula T.A. Andreeva (1973).

From the above data it is clear that the muscle tissue of broiler chickens fed feed with fermented wheat sprouts is characterized by a calorie content similar to the samples of the first group.

Thus, complete feeds with fermented wheat sprouts do not have a negative effect on the chemical composition of the muscle tissue of young broiler chickens.

Blood is considered a liquid tissue of the body, which allows the exchange of various substances within the body. By changing the composition of the blood, one can judge the direction of certain metabolic processes in the animal body.

The results of a biochemical blood test of young broiler chickens are presented in Table 16.

When studying the biochemical composition of the blood of broiler chickens in experimental groups, no statistically significant differences were revealed between them.

The concentration of total protein and its fractions corresponded to the approximate standards in all groups.

In general, judging by the biochemical composition of the blood, all developed diets ensured normal metabolism in the body of fattened broiler chickens.

The economic efficiency of poultry farming is presented in Table 17.

It follows from the table that production profitability when using feed additives GZMK 1 and GZMK 2 with fermented wheat sprouts decreased by 2.1 and 4.1% relative to the control, respectively. However, the European efficiency index increased by 8.6% when using GZMK 1 and by 0.5% when using GZMK 2 relative to the control, which makes their use advisable.

The conducted studies show the feasibility of using the resulting feed additive in order to increase the dynamics of live weight gain of broiler chickens, reduce feed costs per unit of production, as well as increase the safety of the broiler chicken population and prove the achievement of the stated technical result of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A feed additive for feeding broiler chickens, including the green mass of wheat sprouts, the remains of sprouted wheat grain and its root system, characterized in that it additionally contains shell flour and phosphate rock, and the sprouted wheat grain together with its green mass and root system is presented in the form of pulp fermented with a mesophilic starter with a bacterial composition, including strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis (L), Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris (K), Lactococcus lactis subsp.diacetilactis (D) Leuconostoc lactis in equal quantities, according to the ratio of components : leaven 2% wheat germ pulp rest, the ratio of ingredients in the finished feed additive is: fermented wheat sprout pulp, dried to 4-5% humidity 24-30% phosphate rock 35-38% shell flour 35-38% 2. Feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the additive is given to broiler chickens from 7 days of age to 40 days, replacing the feed mixture of the main diet with a feed additive at a dose of 4.5% by weight.