RU2796824C1 - Way to increase the productivity of fish - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mixed feed production.

SUBSTANCE: thin layer of feed is sprayed with a probiotic preparation Bifidumbacterin containing a strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum with a titer of live bacteria of at least 1,107 CFU, previously dissolved in distilled water. A thin layer of feed is preliminarily sprayed with ultrafine particles of iron, 100±2 nm in size, obtained by high-temperature condensation, dispersed in distilled water for 30 minutes at a frequency of 35 kHz, in the amount of 30 mg/kg of feed, and the probiotic preparation Bifidumbacterin dissolved in distilled water, in the amount of 0.747 mg/kg of feed.

EFFECT: increase in the productivity of fish.

1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to fish farming and can be used for feeding fish.

There is a known method for increasing live weight (RU 2604501, A23K 50/75, A23K 10/16, A23K 20/163, A23K 20/28, 2016), by feeding a complete feed with the addition of a bacterial concentrate, which is a mixture of bacteria strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus lactis subsp. lactis and Propionobacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii , previously sublimated to the state of lyophilized powder, lactulose, starch and perlite, in the following ratio: lyophilized powder of bacterial concentrate - 10%, starch - 40%, lactulose - 30% and perlite - 20%.

The disadvantage of this method is its limited scope, as it is used only for feeding broiler chickens.

Known feed additive (RU No. 2359465, A23K 1/00, 2009) to increase the productivity of animals, which includes cultures of bacteria Bifidobacterium globosum , Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus subtilis , dry beet pulp, fumaric acid and zeolite, in the following ratio of components , wt.%: dry beet pulp 71.8-79.2; probiotic 0.20-0.36; fumaric acid 0.79-0.90; zeolite - the rest.

The disadvantage of the feed additive is its limited scope, as it is used only for feeding pigs.

Known drug to improve the productivity of animals (RU 2652824, A23K 20/174; A23K 20/00; A23K 50/00, 2018), which includes probiotic cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Propionibacterium in a ratio of 1:1 to 10 ⁶ -10 ¹⁰ CFU , ascorbic acid, L-lysine, DL-methionine, L-carnitine, betaine, citric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, potassium sorbate, monosodium glutamate, magnesium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, manganese (as sulfate), chloride potassium, zinc (as sulfate), selenium (as sodium selenite), iodine (as potassium iodate), cobalt (as chloride), copper (as carbonate), iron (as gluconate), and vitamins: A, D3, E, B1, B2, B6, B9, B12, B5, K, which are taken in a certain amount.

The disadvantage of the drug is its limited scope, since the drug is administered by oral watering and is applicable only for feeding poultry and farm animals.

Known feed additive (RU 2579219, A23K 10/10, A23K 20/28, 2016) which contains dead bees, biomass and cultural fluid obtained by cultivating Kombucha Medusomyces Gisevii Lindau , bifidobacterin, pine and aspen bark extract, flask, bentonite and grass flour, in the following ratio of components wt. %: dead bees 10.0-12.0; biomass and culture fluid obtained by cultivating Kombucha Medusomyces Gisevii Lindau 18.0-20.0; bifidumbacterin 0.35-0.40; pine and aspen bark extract 4.5-5.0; flask 3.0-3.5%; bentonite 3.0-3.5%, herbal flour - the rest.

The disadvantage of the feed additive is the presence of kombucha, which can lead to indigestion, as it causes an increase in the acidity of the stomach of animals, as well as its limited scope, as it is used only for farm animals and poultry.

Known feed additive (RU 2574691, A23K 1/16, 10.02.2016), containing a complex of biologically active substances based on biomass and culture fluid of the fungus Medusomyces Gisevii Lindau in a mixture with the probiotic "Bifidumbacterin", cultivated in a chitin-containing nutrient medium, where in bee dead powder was used as a source of chitin.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the preparation of the additive, as well as their limited scope, since they are used only for poultry.

A feed additive is known (RU 2708161, A23K 10/16, A23K 10/30, A23K 20/28, 2019) to increase productivity, which contains zeolite powder, a probiotic, including a biomass of lactic acid bacteria selected from Lactobacillus acidophilus , or Propionobacterium freundenreichii , or Bifidobacterium longum , or Bifidobacterium adolescentis , or Streptococcus termophilus with a titer of at least 10 ⁹ CFU / ml, freshwater microalgae chlorella, feed glucose and cereal bran, with the following quantitative ratio of the starting components, wt. %: zeolite powder 30.0-32.0; probiotic 8.0-18.0; freshwater microalgae chlorella 13.0-14.0%, fodder glucose 3.0-3.5%, cereal bran - the rest.

The disadvantage of this method is its limited scope, as it is used only for farm animals.

Known feed additive (RU 2359465, A23K1/00, 2009) which consists of dry beet pulp containing a probiotic, which includes cultures of bacteria Bifidobacterium globosum , Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus subtilis , fumaric acid and zeolite, in the following ratio of components, wt.%: dry beet pulp 71.8-79.2; probiotic 0.20-0.36; fumaric acid 0.79-0.90; zeolite - the rest.

The disadvantage of the feed additive is its limited scope, as it is used only for pigs.

A method is known (RU 2471359, A23K 1/00, 2013) which involves the use of the Provagen probiotic at a dose of 5 g per head per day, which is mixed with dry food. Calcium pantothenate at a dose of 0.12 g and ascorbic acid at a dose of 0.2 g per head per day are successively added to the resulting mixture.

The disadvantage of this method is its limited scope, as it is used only for piglets during the weaning period.

There is a known method for improving the physiological and biochemical processes in the body and increasing productivity (RU 2738275, A23K 10/00, 2020), characterized in that a complex feed additive is introduced into the main diet, which includes in a % ratio: the mineral shungite - 35 , choline in a form "protected" from the effects of cicatricial microflora - 10, "Cellobacterin +", based on the spore-forming strain Enterococcus faecium 1-30, linseed cake - 40, and fed in an amount of 40 g per 100 kg of live weight per day.

The disadvantage of this method is its limited scope, as it is used only for calves of the dairy and post-milk period and for dairy cows.

A method of preparing a feed additive is known (RU 2744196, A23K 50/10, A23K 50/60, A23K 20/20, 2021), which is characterized by the fact that ultrafine particles of iron 90 nm in size are introduced into the diet at a dosage of 2.2 mg per head once a day for 7 days.

The disadvantage of this method is its limited scope, as it is used only for young cattle.

A known method for increasing productivity (RU 2658391, A23K 50/75, A23K 20/142, A61K 33/34, B82B 1/00, 2018) using intramuscular injections of iron nanoforms with a size of 80.5 ± 5 μm at a dosage of 2 mg/ kg of live weight and copper with a dimension of 40 ± 0.5 microns at a dosage of 2 mg/kg of live weight with an electrochemically activated catholyte.

The disadvantage of this method is its limited scope, since trace elements are administered by intramuscular injection and the method is applicable only to poultry.

A known method for increasing productivity (RU 2601812, A61K 33/34 A23K 20/142, A23K 50/75, B82B 1/00, 2016) using intramuscular injection of iron nanoforms with a size of 80.5±5 μm at a dosage of 2 mg/kg live weight and with the inclusion of arginine in the diet at a dosage of 10 g per kg of diet.

The disadvantage of this method is its limited scope, since iron is administered by intramuscular injection and the method is applicable only to poultry.

A known method of increasing the productivity of animals (RU 2440770, A23K 1/00, 2012). The method consists in introducing iron nanopowder into the diet of farm animals by spraying feed with a suspension of iron nanopowder with a particle size of 20-30 nm at doses of 0.08-0.1 mg/kg of live weight per day.

The disadvantage of this method is its limited scope, as it is used only for farm animals.

A known method for increasing the productivity of live weight by increasing the digestibility of the nutrient components of the feed in the digestive tract (RU 2766683, A23K 50/60, A23K 50/10, A23K 20/20, 2022), which is characterized by the fact that ultrafine particles are introduced into the feed iron size 90 nm at a dosage of 2.4 mg per head once a day for 14 days.

The disadvantage of this method is its limited scope, as it is used only for feeding young cattle.

A feed additive is known (RU 2652836, A23K 10/16, 2018) that improves the growth and development of farm animals, birds, horses and fish, containing in its composition the biomass of the Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus megaterium bacterial complex applied to the filler, as which is used bran or sunflower meal, or diatomite, or tripoli.

The disadvantage of this feed additive is its limited scope, as it is used only for cold-loving fish (rainbow trout).

A known method of preparing fish feed (RU 2192756, A23K 1/16, A23K 1/175, 2002), in which ultrafine particles of iron 7-20 nm in size, at a dose of 25 mg/kg of feed, treated with ultrasound, are used as a feed additive for 5 min at a frequency of 44 kHz, then ultrafine particles are mixed with glycerol in a ratio of 1:12, and mixed with minced meat of the animal part of the feed (50%), consisting of spleen, sprat minced meat and California worm, and then mixed with granular feed LK -5 (50%).

The disadvantage of this method is the increase in the cost of production of animal feed due to the inclusion in the composition of the animal part of the feed.

The technical result is an increase in the productivity of fish.

The method was implemented as follows: a thin layer of feed is sprayed with ultrafine particles of iron, obtained by high-temperature condensation, dispersed by ultrasound in distilled water for 30 minutes at a frequency of 35 kHz, with a size of 100 ± 2 nm, in an amount of 30 mg/kg of feed, and dissolved in distilled water probiotic preparation "Bifidumbacterin", in the amount of 0.747 mg/kg of feed.

On the basis of the Department of Biotechnology of Animal Raw Materials and Aquaculture of the Orenburg State University, an experiment was conducted, during which 3 groups (n = 30) of juvenile carp with an average weight of 22.5 g were formed by the analogy method. groups (O1) - RR + UHF of iron in the amount of 30 mg/kg of feed; fish of the II experimental group (O2) - OR + UHF of iron in the amount of 30 mg/kg of feed + probiotic preparation "Bifidumbacterin" in the amount of 0.747 mg/kg of feed.

As an OR, we used KRK-110-1, a balanced food for cyprinids in terms of main nutrients (JSC Orenburg Feed Mill, Orenburg), containing 26.0% protein.

UHF iron, 100 ± 2 nm in size, was injected after dispersing the drug in distilled water for 30 minutes at a frequency of 35 kHz using UZDN-2T. Materials science certification of UHF Fe included scanning electron, transmission and atomic force microscopy using LEX T OLS4100, JSM 7401F, JEM-2000FX (JEOL, Japan). The particle size distribution was studied on a Brookhaven 90Plus/BIMAS Zeta PALS and Photocor Compact (Photocor, Russia) nanoparticle analyzer. Biological examination of ultrafine particles was carried out using lux biosensors Escherichia coli K12 TG1 pF1 strain according to the method (Deryabin D. G., Aleshina E. S., Efremova L. V. Application of the inhibition of bacterial bioluminescence test for assessment of toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials. Microbiology. 2012;81 (4):492-497 doi: 10.1134/S0026261712040042).

The drug "Bifidumbacterin" is a strain of bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum 791, lyophilized, with a titer of live bacteria of at least 1×10 ⁷ CFU (CJSC Ecopolis, Russia, Kovrov).

Research and maintenance of fish was carried out in accordance with the instructions of Russian Regulations, 1987 (Order No. 755 on 12.08.1977 the USSR Ministry of Health) and "The Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals" (National Academy Press Washington, D.C. 1966 )". Efforts have been made in carrying out research to minimize animal suffering and reduce the number of samples used.

The daily feeding rate was determined weekly, taking into account the mass of fish, water temperature and the concentration of oxygen dissolved in water (Ponomarev S.V. Industrial fish farming: textbook / S.V. Ponomarev, Yu.N. Grozesku, A.A. Bakhareva. - St. Petersburg: Lan, 2013. - 448 p.).

The results obtained were statistically processed. Student's t-test was used to identify statistically significant (significant) differences. Differences were considered significant at a level of error probability not higher than 5% (P≤0.05) (Lakin G.F. Biometrics. - M.: Vyssh. shk., 1990. - 352 p.).

Experimental studies have shown that the introduction of Fe and the probiotic preparation "Bifidumbacterin" into the diet of UHF is associated with an increase in the productivity of the fish mass. Starting from the first week of the experiment, the fish of the experimental groups were ahead of the intensity of growth of the fish of the control group (figure 1). Figure 1 shows a graph showing the difference in live weight of fish of the experimental groups compared with the control in%.

A high growth-stimulating effect was recorded in the O2 group with UHF Fe and Bifidumbacterin, so the productivity of fish at 3 weeks of the experiment was significantly higher than the control by 21.1% (P≤0.01), at 4-7 weeks - by 17.7-18, 2% (P≤0.01), at week 8 - by 27.8% (P≤0.01). The relative increase for the entire growing period in the O2 group was 108%, in the O1 group - 80.9%, and in the control 68.8% (Table 1).

The safety of fish for the entire growing period in the experimental groups was at a high level - 100%, and in the control 98%.

To assess the effect of additives on the physiological state of fish, hematological studies of fish blood were carried out according to standard methods (accreditation certificate No. RA.RU.21PF59 dated 02.12.2015) using the equipment of the Center for Collective Use of the BST RAS http://tskp-bst.rf.

Table 1 - Fish breeding and biological indicators of rearing experimental carp Indicators Group O1 O2 Control Weight of fish at the beginning of the experiment, g 22.5±0.6 22.5±0.5 22.3±0.5 Weight of fish at the end of the experiment, g 40.7 ± 0.5* 46.8 ± 1.2** 36.6 ± 1.1 Absolute growth, g 16.2 24.3 14.3 Relative growth, % 80.9 108 68.8 Safety, % 100 100 98 Growing period, days 56 Note: difference with control ^* Р≤0.05; ^** P≤0.01

The hematological parameters of the studied fish were within the physiological norm (Table 2), which indicates the absence of the toxic effect of the introduced additives. A positive effect of UHF Fe and Bifidumbacterin on the level of protein metabolism was established, as evidenced by an increase in glucose levels by 63.6% (P≤0.05) and 152% (P≤0.001), and total protein by 36.1% (P≤0.001). 0.001) and 12.8% (P≤0.05), in the blood of fish of groups O1 and O2, respectively, relative to the control values, which may be a consequence of the activation of metabolic reactions and indicates a high resistance of the organism (Kondera E, Bojarski B, Ługowska K, Kot B, Witeska M. Effects of Oxytetracycline and Gentamicin Therapeutic Doses on Hematological, Biochemical and Hematopoietic Parameters in Cyprinus carpio Juveniles // Animals (Basel) 2020 Dec 3;10(12):2278 doi: 10.3390/ani10122278) .

Table 2 - Hematological parameters of fish Index Group O1 O2 Control Hemoglobin, g/l 135±3.3 138±3.2 137 ± 3.7 Erythrocytes, 10 ¹² /l 0.81 ± 0.05** 0.86 ± 0.04** 1.08±0.05 Leukocytes, 10 ⁹ /l 173.5 ± 0.9** 152.1 ± 1.1 149.0±1.6 Total protein, g/l 35.0±2.0*** 29.0 ± 2.5* 25.7 ± 1.4 Glucose, mmol/l 2.11 ± 0.5* 3.25±0.4*** 1.29±0.2 ESR, mm/h 4 4 4 Note: difference with control * Р≤0.05; ** P≤0.01; *** P≤0.001.

Analyzing the obtained data, we can draw the following conclusions:

- joint addition to the main diet of the probiotic preparation "Bifidumbacterin", based on the bacterial strain Bifidobacterium bifidum , in the amount of 0.747 mg/kg of feed and ultrafine particles of iron in the amount of 30 mg/kg of feed has a positive effect on the productivity and development of fish.

- a method for increasing the productivity of fish growth by including the probiotic preparation "Bifidumbacterin" in the diet in the amount of 0.747 mg/kg of feed and ultrafine particles of iron in the amount of 30 mg/kg of feed is confirmed by the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described in the application.

- the claimed invention meets the condition of "industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

A method for increasing the productivity of fish, including feeding food, a thin layer of which is preliminarily sprayed with ultrafine particles of iron, 100 ± 2 nm in size, obtained by high-temperature condensation, in distilled water for 30 minutes at a frequency of 35 kHz, in an amount of 30 mg/kg of food, and dissolved in distilled water with the probiotic preparation Bifidumbacterin, in the amount of 0.747 mg/kg of feed.

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