RU2789548C1 - Method for grinding grain material and a crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry

SUBSTANCE: inventions group relates to methods and devices for grinding grain material and can be used in food industry and feed processing buildings. Method involves loading grain into a hopper, rotating the rotor with operating elements. The rotor rotation frequency is converted via a sinusoidal law with highs in the points of the rotor operating elements in areas of decks with cut-offs and lows in the points of the grain entrance into the crusher and the points of finished product coming out of the crusher. The grain is fed into the crusher, crushed, separated on the separating surface and discharged as a finished product. The crusher has cut-offs on the decks, a separating surface, and kinematic transmission is fitted with an energy accumulator and an elliptical pair of pinions installed so that the minimum radius directions of the elliptical pinion attached to the rotor shaft coincide with the directions of the rotor shaft operating elements.

EFFECT: using the crusher in accordance with the method provides for aligning the grain sod grain size distribution and reducing specific energy consumption during the grain materials grinding process.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods and devices for grinding grain material, mainly for production lines for the preparation of feed in industrial animal husbandry.

A known method of grinding material, including the supply of material into the working chamber, the destruction of the material by mechanical action of the working bodies and unloading of the crushed material [1].

The invention is intended primarily for grinding polymineral ore materials containing precious stones. The method includes a complex algorithm for its implementation, requiring selective (selective) grinding of the material by one or more surfaces of the working body.

A known method of grinding material, which consists in the fact that the material is fed into the working chamber, the material is crushed by mechanical action of the working bodies and the crushed material is unloaded [2].

This method is intended for grinding material consisting of components of different strength. The disadvantage of this method should be considered its periodic work. When it is implemented, the gradual grinding of the source material moving along a closed circuit is carried out with the constant removal of a fine dusty fraction from it.

Closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a method consisting in the fact that the grain material is loaded into the hopper, the crusher rotor with working bodies is rotated with the required frequency, the grain material is fed into the working chamber of the crusher, it is crushed due to the impact of the workers rotor organs and unload the finished product [3].

The disadvantage of this method is the heterogeneity of the granulometric composition of the obtained crushed product and the complexity of implementation, since the implementation of the method is divided into two stages. At the first stage, the elastic properties of the material are damaged, and at the second stage, the grain material is finally crushed.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the grinding time, ensure a leveled particle size distribution, intensify the release of crushed material through the separating surface and reduce energy costs.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method the grain material is loaded into the hopper. The rotor with working elements is rotated with the required frequency, which is converted into a sinusoidally changing frequency with clearly expressed maxima when the working elements of the rotor are located in the areas of decks with countercuts and minima in the areas of entry of grain material into the working chamber and exit from it of the finished product. The grain material is fed into the working chamber of the crusher. It is crushed due to the impact action of the working bodies of the rotor, abrading and shearing action of the decks with countercutters, the crushed material is separated into fractions through the separating surface, and the finished product is unloaded.

The maximum rotational speed of the rotor when the working bodies of the rotor are located in the areas of the decks with countercutters provides the highest speed of the working bodies of the rotor and the active destruction of the grain material, leading to a reduction in grinding time. The use of decks with countercuts makes it possible to realize, when the grain material is destroyed, not only a clean impact of the working body of the rotor, but also a chip on the countercuts and abrasion on the decks. The slowdown of the rotational speed of the rotor with the working bodies in the areas of entry of the grain material into the working chamber of the crusher and the exit of the finished product from it during the operation of the crusher leads to a violation of the uniformity of the air-product layer, facilitates the separation of the grain turd and the passage of the finished product through the separating surface of the crusher. The claimed features of the method make it possible to reduce the grinding time of the grain material, even out the granulometric composition, solve the problem of its regrinding, therefore, improve the quality of the finished product and reduce specific energy consumption.

Thus, the set of essential features of the method is new, meets the "inventive step" criterion and ensures the achievement of the technical result: intensification of the process of separating grain turf on the separating surface, leveling its granulometric composition at the exit from the working chamber of the crusher and reducing the specific energy consumption for the grinding process.

Known crusher for grinding grain materials [4], containing, the housing located inside the decks, the rotor with the working bodies, the hopper, unloading device.

This device does not have a separating surface, therefore, it is not able to provide an even particle size distribution of the finished product of a given size.

Known crusher for grinding grain materials [5], containing a housing located inside the separating surfaces and a rotor with working bodies, a hopper, an unloading device, a motor and a kinematic transmission.

This device provides a given fineness, but the grinding occurs due to the impact of the grains by the working body and partially by abrasion of the grain dirt on the separating surface. Therefore, regrinding of grain material and high energy intensity of the grinding process are inevitable.

The closest in technical essence is a crusher for grinding grain material [3], including a housing with a loading hopper and an unloading device, a rotor with a shaft and working bodies installed in the working chamber of the housing, decks, an engine and a kinematic transmission connecting the engine with the rotor shaft.

This crusher carries out two-stage grinding of grain material, so it is a more complex technical tool. Regulation of the degree of grinding is achieved by setting the first stage and selecting the rotor speed. The crusher is not able to provide a leveled granulometric composition in accordance with zootechnical requirements and cannot completely exclude the overgrinding of grain turd. In the absence of a separating device from the rotating air-product layer, the largest particles of grain material are first of all removed from the working chamber, including those that have passed only flattening at the first stage, and small particles, continuing to rotate in the central part of the working chamber, are additionally re-crushed.

The aim of the invention is to develop a crusher according to the proposed method of grinding grain material capable of reducing the grinding time, intensifying the separating effect through the separating surface, leveling the granulometric composition, and reducing the energy intensity of the grinding process.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the crusher according to the proposed method of grinding grain material contains a housing with a loading hopper, an unloading device, an engine and a kinematic transmission connecting the engine with the rotor shaft with the working bodies. Countercutters are placed on the crusher decks, and a separating surface is installed in the working chamber of the body. In addition, the kinematic transmission of the crusher is equipped with an energy accumulator and an elliptical pair of gears installed after the energy accumulator in front of the rotor with working elements so that the directions of the minimum radii of the elliptical gear mounted on the rotor shaft coincide with the directions of location of its working elements.

The use of decks with countercutters during the destruction of the grain material not only realizes a clean impact of the working body of the rotor, but also a chip on the countercutters and abrasion on the decks, and the separating surface guarantees a given granulometric composition of the crushed material.

The placement of an elliptical pair of gears in the kinematic transmission of energy from the drive motor to the crusher rotor after the energy accumulator in front of the rotor with the working bodies so that the directions of the minimum radii of the elliptical gear mounted on the rotor shaft coincide with the directions of the location of its working bodies, allows you to convert the rotor speed of the drive motor into a sinusoidal one with two pronounced maxima when the working bodies of the crusher rotor are located in the areas of decks with countercuts. This will ensure the highest speed of the working bodies of the rotor in the zones of active destruction of the grain material (zones of decks with countercutters) and will lead to a reduction in the grinding time. The slowdown of the rotational speed of the rotor with working bodies (two minima in the areas of entry of grain material into the working chamber of the crusher and the exit of the finished product from it) is accompanied by a violation of the uniformity of the air-product layer, as well as the creation of an external motive force - vibration, which affects the grinder body and its separating surface. Since the axes of rotation of the chopper rotor, energy accumulator and drive motor lie in the same plane, the vibration generated by cyclic acceleration - deceleration of the rotor with working bodies during the operation of the chopper will most intensively affect the chopper body along two axes perpendicular to the third, which coincides with the axis of rotation of the crusher rotor . All this together leads to the intensification of the process of separating grain turf on the separating surface of the crusher.

The supply of the crusher with an energy accumulator and the placement of an elliptical pair of gears in the kinematic transmission after it makes the extremes of the rotor speed more pronounced, and also makes it possible to smooth out the speed pulsations transmitted by the belt drive to the rotor of the drive motor, due to the energy of its flywheel masses.

Thus, the set of essential features of the proposed crusher is new, meets the criterion of "inventive step" and ensures the achievement of a technical result: intensification of the process of separating grain turf on the separating surface, leveling its granulometric composition at the outlet of the working chamber of the crusher and reducing specific energy consumption for the process of grinding grain material.

The present invention is illustrated in the drawing.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a crusher.

In FIG. 2 shows a general view of the kinematic transmission of torque from the drive motor to the crusher rotor.

The crusher consists of a housing 1 in which the shaft 11 of the crusher rotor with working bodies 2 is mounted on a bearing assembly, driven through an elliptical pair of gears 9, from an energy accumulator 8, which, for example, is connected to a drive motor 10 by means of a belt drive. Elliptical pair of gears 9 is installed so that the directions of the minimum radii of the elliptical gear mounted on the shaft 11 coincide with the directions of the location of the working bodies 2 of the rotor. On the inner surface of the body 1 there are decks 3 with countercuts 4 and a separating surface 5, which together form a working chamber. In the upper part of the body 1 there is a dispenser 6 with a loading hopper 7. In the lower part of the body there is an unloading device 13 with a flip gate 12.

The crusher works as follows. The grain material to be crushed enters the hopper 7. Then, the drive motor 10 is put into operation, which, through a belt drive, an energy accumulator 8 and a pair of elliptical gears 9, rotates the shaft 11 of the rotor with the working bodies 2 with a frequency varying according to a sinusoidal law . After reaching the steady state, the batcher 6 is switched on. The grain material to be crushed comes from the hopper 7, through the batcher 6 into the working chamber of the housing 1, where it is crushed by the shaft 11 rotating with variable frequency together with the rotor and working bodies 2 relative to decks 3 with countercuts 4. The destruction of the grain material is carried out due to repeated collision and abrasion of particles among themselves, impacts on a rotating rotor with working bodies 2, chipping on countercuts 4 and abrasion on decks 3. The grain material is intensively divided on the separating surface 5 under the action of external motive force (vibration) and is taken out by the air flow through the unloading mechanism 13 at the appropriate position of the damper 12 from the working chamber of the housing 1.

The use of the proposed crusher will ensure the alignment of the granulometric composition of the grain turf and reduce the specific energy consumption for the process of grinding grain materials.

Literature

1. Pat. No. 2464097 RF, IPC B02C 13/00. The method of crushing-grinding polymeric ore materials containing precious stones, and a crushing and grinding machine for its implementation (options) / A.S. Laliev, N.M. Tabakaev, N.O. Tikhonov (RF).- No. 2011106437/13 Claimed on 02/21/2011: Published on 11/20/2012.

2. A.S. No. 1556736 USSR, IPC A 01 J 7/00. The method of selective grinding of ore / V.I. Nitsenko, V.V. Sapeshko, L.V. Strelsky, I.I. Umreiko (RF).- No. 4358363/23-33: Claimed 01/04/1988: Published 04/15/1990.

3. Pat. No. 2598909 RF, IPC V 02 C 13/00 Method and device for grinding grain / A.M. Semenikhin, L.A. Gurinenko, V.N. Shkondin (RF).- No. 2014147577/13: Claimed on 11/24/2014: Published on 06/10/2016.

4. Pat. 2119821 RF, IPC A 01 J 7/00. Hammerless crusher / B.G. Ziganshin, I.E. Volkov, N.Z. Khismetov, R.R. Valeev (RF). - No. 971077118/13: Claimed 03/27/1997: Published 10/10/1997.

5. A.S. No. 426695 USSR, IPC B 02 C 13/00. Feed crusher / A.S. Kleban, Yu.A. Faience (RF).- No. 1829380/30-15: Claimed 09/19/1972: Published 05/05/1974.

Claims (2)

1. A method of grinding grain material, which consists in loading the grain material into a hopper, rotating the rotor with working bodies at the required frequency, feeding the grain material into the working chamber of the crusher, crushing and unloading the finished product, characterized in that the grain material is crushed for due to the impact effect of the working elements of the rotor and the abrasive effect of the decks with countercuts, they separate the grain dirt on the separating surface, and the rotor speed is converted into changing according to a sinusoidal law with pronounced maxima when the working bodies of the rotor are located in the areas of the decks with countercuts and minima in the entry areas grain material into the working chamber of the crusher and the exit of the finished product from it. 2. A crusher for implementing the method according to claim 1, including a housing with a loading hopper and an unloading device, a shaft with a rotor and working bodies installed in the working chamber of the housing, decks, an engine, a kinematic transmission connecting the engine to the rotor shaft, characterized in that on countercuts are installed on the decks, a separating surface is placed in the working chamber of the housing, and the kinematic transmission is equipped with an energy accumulator and an elliptical pair of gears installed after the energy accumulator in front of the rotor so that the directions of the minimum radii of the elliptical gear fixed on the rotor shaft coincide with the directions of the location of its working bodies.

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