RU2789185C1 - Method for underwater illumination and neutralization of detected objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydroacoustics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for illuminating the underwater environment and neutralizing underwater objects. To illuminate the underwater situation, radio hydroacoustic buoys are dropped in the area of the possible location of a submarine, with the help of which the submarine is detected, information is transmitted to an aircraft or a search ship, which is used as the only search means and at the same time a means of neutralization, and as which an unmanned boat controlled from the coastal control center is used. A depth charge rocket is fired at the appointed time or at a given interval, submerged to a given depth and detonated, a sound wave from an underwater explosion and a wave reflected by the hull of a submarine are received, the coordinates of the submarine by the time of arrival of signals and their direction are determined, which are used to neutralize it.

EFFECT: safety of people is improved through the use of an unmanned boat.

6 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of marine technology and is intended to illuminate the underwater situation in a limited sea area when searching for moving underwater objects, as well as their subsequent neutralization.

A known method of lighting the underwater environment (RF patent 2555192C1, IPC G01S 15/87(2006.01), published 2015.07.10). The invention relates to hydroacoustics and can be used by a search submarine (PL). The technical result here is the expansion of the zone of illumination of the underwater situation due to the long-term search for enemy submarines by the sonar of the sonar complex (SAC) of the search submarine. To do this, the installation of a network of automatic hydroacoustic stations (AGAS) is carried out by the traditional method, for example, from an aircraft, at the border of the field of view of the sonar of the SJSC search submarine, the distance to the underwater target is determined, as well as the direction to the target, then the range and direction are encoded with a three-digit code each and are transmitted to the receiving path of the sonar GAK of the search submarine with a two-frequency code, which ultimately allows the search submarine to observe the target beyond the range of the sonar and thereby increase the control zone of the underwater lighting system. The transfer of information from the AGAS to the submarine occurs only if the automatic sonar station classified the detected target as a submarine.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of expensive, bulky AGAS instead of inexpensive small-sized radio sonar buoys (RSL), in addition, it is necessary to accurately temporal and spatial coordination of the work of the search submarine and anti-submarine aviation that sets the AGAS, which is not always possible in combat conditions and which reduces the effectiveness of this method to a minimum.

A device for automatic fixation of a helicopter-type unmanned aerial vehicle is known (RF patent 2751735, IPC B64F 1/00 (2021.05); B64F 1/12 (2021.05), published 2021.07.160 Bull. No. 20). A device for automatic fixation of a helicopter-type unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is known, containing landing supports with a magnetic reagent placed on the platform of an unmanned boat (BEC), a landing pad in which electromagnets are installed, a UAV proximity sensor to the landing site, a control unit having an output, designed to control an electromagnet, a manual control panel placed in the landing platform of n similar small electromagnets, which, when turned on, form a uniform field from local concentrations of the magnetic flux. EFFECT: increased efficiency and reliability of fixing the UAV on the ship in conditions of rolling, wind and in the presence of large static rolls and trims.

The disadvantage of this invention is that the device itself is not capable of performing the task of independent search and destruction (neutralization) of underwater objects and can be considered as a necessary auxiliary element. This invention is accepted as an analogue.

Known unmanned boat (BEC) "Iskatel", controlled by a coastal control center (OCC), (Source: Robotic multi-functional unmanned boat "Iskatel" - Text: electronic. - URL: http://bastion-karpenko.ru/ iskatel-bka/). The BCC and its hardware and software complex, implemented in the interests of the BEC, allows both to keep manual control on board the boat and to implement two remote control options. Composition of the OCU: central calculator; automated workstations; means of radio communication; software package. Radio communication facilities - information and command radio link with an information transfer rate of 20 Mbps (up to 30 km); WiMax (up to 10 km). Automated workstations: navigation and control tablets; steering wheel, gas lever. The disadvantage here is that the OCU of the "Iskatel" boat was not originally intended to provide the process of searching for and neutralizing underwater targets. BCU BEC "Seeker" is accepted as an analogue.

A universal launcher is known for setting self-propelled research buoys from an autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicle or BEC (RF patent 2779325, IPC B63G 8/00 (2006.01) and F41F 3/10 (2006.01) published on 09/06/2022, Bull. 25). The disadvantage of this invention is that the device itself is not capable of performing the task of independently searching for and destroying (neutralizing) underwater targets and can be considered as a necessary auxiliary element. This invention is accepted as an analogue.

A known method of using reactive sonar buoys (RF patent 2525189 C2, IPC B63G 9/00(2006.01); B63B 22/00(2006.01), published 2014.908.10). The invention relates to methods for monitoring the underwater environment. The method of using reactive radio-acoustic buoys (RGBR) from surface ships for observing the underwater situation, with the placement of buoys in a circle, consists in determining the coordinates of the center of the circle, on the calculating instrument (SRP) the radius of the circle, the required number of buoys and the coordinates of the points their locations, charge the launcher (PU) with the required number of RGBR, solve the tasks of targeting the launcher for firing on the firing control devices, direct the launcher to fire at the first point, supply power to the squibs for launching the RGBR rocket engine, fire the first RGBR, direct the launcher and shoot RGBR at subsequent points, use signals from buoys after they splash down and start working. The PSA calculates the radius of the sector in which the movement of the underwater object is supposed, the required number of buoys and the coordinates of their location points. Thus, observation of the underwater situation is achieved.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of RGBR, according to RF patent 2400392, the design of which is currently not implemented by the industry (such buoys do not really exist). This invention is accepted as an analogue.

A known method of lighting the underwater environment (RF patent 2681476, IPC B63G 13/00 published 2018.12.06). The invention relates to the field of marine technology and is intended for illumination of the underwater environment. The technical result of the proposed method is to increase the efficiency of illumination of the underwater situation when searching for enemy submarines in a given area. A method for illuminating the underwater situation includes searching for submarines using passive radio-acoustic buoys (RSL), which are dropped from a ship or aircraft in the area where an enemy submarine may be located. Next, the submarines are detected by one or more RSL and transmit information about this via a radio channel to a receiving device located on an aircraft, ship or coastal post. The deployed RSLs are controlled by the ship, which is diverted from the line of buoys to a predetermined distance and transferred to a drift or anchored. Further, the ship fires a reactive depth bomb as an explosive sound source (VIS) into the calculated point of the water space, which plunges to a given depth and explodes. The ship's GAS receives a sound wave from an underwater explosion, the coordinates of which are known, and a wave reflected by the submarine's hull, the coordinates of the submarine target are calculated from the time of arrival of signals to the receiving devices and their direction.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of heterogeneous forces (a surface ship, its weapons and an aircraft with the RSL) to search for a submarine - a target. The use of heterogeneous forces to search for submarine targets is a complex tactical task that requires high training of ship and aircraft crews and is achieved by many hours of expensive training. The disadvantage of this method is also the use of a reactive depth bomb as a VIZ. This disadvantage allows the submarine - the target to detect the noise of the explosion, thereby detecting the ship, and take measures to strike with its weapon at the ship that has discovered itself. The explosion of a reactive depth bomb at a given depth is recorded on board the submarine, where measures are taken to change its movement parameters (speed, heading, immersion depth) in order to avoid possible destruction. This invention is taken as a prototype.

The proposed invention is based on the task of creating a method for illuminating the underwater situation and neutralizing the detected objects based on the BEC, remotely controlled using the control center and designed to search for and destroy underwater targets, underwater vehicles (PSD) and midget submarines (SMPL). This method is devoid of the above disadvantages and is cheaper and simpler. The absence of people on the BEC guarantees them complete safety during the conduct of hostilities associated with a risk to life. The essence of the invention is illustrated by the following diagrams:

- figure 1 shows a General view of the BEC;

- figure 2 shows BEC, view 3/4;

- figure 3 shows a general view of the OCU;

- figure 4 shows the principle of dropping VIZ or depth charges from a quadrocopter to a detected underwater target;

- figure 5 shows the scheme of setting the RSL line at the turn of the search;

- figure 6 shows a diagram of the detection of an underwater means of movement of combat swimmers;

- figure 7 shows a diagram of the clarification of the parameters of the movement of the PSD of combat swimmers using VIZ;

- Fig.8 shows a diagram of the interaction of BEC search tools.

These drawings show:

1 - BEC;

2 - quadrocopter landing pad;

3 - UAV (quadcopter);

4 - RSL;

5 - starting device;

6 - dropped ammunition (small-sized VIZ or depth bomb);

7 - coordinates of RSL No. 1;

8 - coordinates of RSL No. 2;

9 - coordinates of RSL No. 3;

10 - coordinates of RSL No. 4;

11 - coastal control center (OCC);

12 - underwater means of movement for combat swimmers;

13 - radio communication lines RSL - BEC;

14 - radio communication lines BEC - BCU;

15 - direct acoustic signal VIZ;

16 - reflected acoustic signal VIZ;

17 - VIZ reset point;

T ₁ - T ₂₂ - time intervals.

PD BEK 1 (see figure 1) is equipped with a landing pad 2 according to the invention (RF patent 2751735, publ 2021.07.16), which is based quadrocopter 3. The quadrocopter is equipped with dropable ammunition 6 (see figure 4) which can be used small VIZ or depth charge (see Edge Group presents kamikaze drones at IDEX 21 http://factmil.com/news/22_02_2021_edge_group_predstavljaet_drony_kamikadze_na_vystavke _idex_21/2021-02-22-10010). In the stern along the sides of the BEC there are two launchers 5 according to the invention (RF patent 2779325, IPC B63G 8/00 (2006.01) and F41F 3/10 (2006.01) published on 09/06/2022, Bull. 25), where a set of four RSL is installed 4 (two for each launcher) designed to drop buoys into the water on command from the control center. The RSL kit is designed to detect moving targets in the water column. The advantages of the RSL in comparison with other means of detecting underwater objects are:

- small weight and dimensions;

- long range of detection of underwater targets;

- good accuracy in determining the coordinates of underwater targets and elements of their movement;

- continuity of observation of the underwater situation;

- long duration of work;

- the possibility of simultaneous reception of information from several buoys.

The BEC is equipped with a satellite navigation system that allows you to determine with high accuracy (3 - 5 m) your coordinates, the coordinates of all the RSL set up and the coordinates of the VIZ discharge points from the quadrocopter. The coordinates of the quadrocopter performing the assigned task in the air are determined using the airborne radar station BEC. The coordinates of all targets are transmitted to the control center (figure 3) and applied to the electronic map BEC (figure 1 and 2) is controlled remotely via radio using the control center 11, where all information about the search operation converges and a decision is made to neutralize the detected underwater target. The performance characteristics of the PD BEC, obtained as a result of calculations, are as follows: displacement 4.5 tons; length 9.0 m; width 2.2 m; board height 1.2 m; draft 0.45 m; speed at full speed 45 knots; cruising range 370 miles; autonomy 20 hours; engine power 550 kW; fuel reserve 600 kg.

The inventive method is as follows: to conduct a search operation, BEC 1 is advanced to the line of setting the RSL. At a point with known coordinates 7 at time T ₁ , RSL No. 1 is set, at a point with known coordinates 8, at time T ₂ , RSL No. 2 is set, at a point with known coordinates 9, at time T ₃ , RSL No. 3 is set, at a point with known coordinates 10 during T ₄ exhibited RSL No. 4 (Fig.6).

RSL are set at a distance of no more than two radii of the maximum detection zone in order to ensure that the detection area is covered by adjacent buoys. All RSL are brought into working position. At a given time T ₅ , BEC drifts with the engines off, receiving power from the onboard battery. PSD (or SMPL) 12 moves through the RSL line with an unknown course and speed (Fig.7). RSL No. 2 at point 8 is the first to receive the acoustic noise of an underwater object at time T ₆ , since it is closer to the underwater object. Further, RSL No. 2 at point 8 sends the received signals at time T ₇ through the radio transmission path 13 to BEC 1. Further, BEC 1 at time T ₈ broadcasts the received information to the BCU 11.

BCU, having processed the received signals, during T ₉ issues a command to the BEC to take off the quadrocopter 3 to the point with the given coordinates, and reset the VIZ (figure 5). VIZ is reset at point 17 at time T ₁₀ . RSL#2 at point 8 receives direct acoustic noise 15 from the explosion of VIZ first, during T ₁₁ . RSL#1 at point 7 receives direct acoustic noise 15 from the explosion of VIZ second, during T ₁₂ . The difference in the time of receiving acoustic signals is due to the different distance between the RSL and the VIZ. RSL No. 2 at point 8 sends the received signal to the BEC via the radio communication channel RSL - BEK 13 at time T ₁₃ , and RSL No. 1 at point 7 - during T ₁₄ . Then the BEC transmits the direct VIS signals received by the RSL to the BCU (T ₁₅ , T ₁₆ ) via the radio communication channel BEC - BCU 14. RSL No. 1 and 2 at points 7 and 8 receive reflected acoustic signals from an underwater object (T ₁₇ , T ₁₈ ).

Further, RSL No. 1 and 2 at points 7 and 8 send the received reflected signals to BEC 1 (time T ₁₉ , T ₂₀ ), which are redirected to the BCC for further processing of the received signals, and calculation of the movement parameters of the underwater object (time T ₂₁ , T ₂₂ ) (see Fig.7). Assuming that an underwater object is moving towards a protected area, knowing the power level of the direct 15 and reflected 16 signals received by different RSLs, the difference in the reception time of these signals, the speed of sound in the water in a given area, it is possible to calculate the approximate course and approximate direction of movement of the underwater object. The distance to the detected object after the use of an explosive sound source is calculated by the formula

,

,

- дистанция до цели от РГБ №n;

- время задержки звукового сигнала от цели до РГБ №n; С - скорость звука в воде.Where

- distance to the target from RSL No. n;

- the delay time of the sound signal from the target to RSL No. n; C is the speed of sound in water.

In the same way, the distance to all other RSLs is calculated. In accordance with the footnote in Fig.8, a "passage curve" of the detected object is constructed, i.e. the approximate location of the enemy is determined by several responding RSL. With an increase in the number of RSLs that have received useful acoustic noise, the accuracy of determining the target motion parameters increases.

As a dropped ammunition 6, a VIZ or a small-sized depth bomb designed to destroy PSD or SM submarines can be used. The mass of the explosive charge of anti-sabotage ammunition dropped from a quadrocopter can be on the order of 0.1 - 1.0 kg. This is evidenced by the results of foreign studies on the calculation of the radius of impact of underwater explosions on the human body, given in the work (Kranov A.I. Studies of the damaging factors of an underwater explosion in the USA and Great Britain. // Foreign Military Review. 2003. No. 6. P. 50 - 55).

As a result, a method was developed for illuminating the underwater situation and neutralizing detected objects based on the BEC, which is controlled remotely using the control center. This method is cheaper and simpler in comparison with the prototype. The absence of people on the BEC guarantees them complete safety during the conduct of hostilities associated with a risk to life.

Based on the foregoing, it can be concluded that the set of essential features of the claimed invention has a causal relationship with an achievable technical result, i.e. thanks to this set of essential features of the invention, it became possible to solve the problem. Therefore, the claimed invention is new, involves an inventive step and is usable. The use of this method of illuminating the underwater environment will make it possible to conduct a covert search for mobile underwater objects and their neutralization.

Claims (6)

1. A method for illuminating the underwater situation and neutralizing detected objects using radio sonar buoys (RSL), which are dropped from an aircraft in the area of the possible location of a submarine, detect a submarine with one or more RSL and transmit information about this via a radio channel to a receiving device located on an aircraft or a search ship, while the exposed buoys are controlled by a ship that is located at a given distance from the line of buoys with the direction-finding station turned on, periodically at a given interval or at the appointed time they shoot from the ship at the calculated point as an explosive source of sound (VIS) a bomb, immerse it to a predetermined depth and detonate it, receive a sound wave from an underwater explosion, the location of which is known, and a wave reflected by the submarine hull, by the ship’s sound direction finding station and the RSL, according to the time of arrival of signals to the receiving devices and their attack the coordinates of the submarine are calculated by the direction - the target, characterized in that as the only search tool and at the same time the means of neutralization, an unmanned boat (BEC) is used, controlled from the coastal control center (OCC), for the search operation, the BEC is advanced to the line of setting the RSL, at the point RSL No. 1 is set with known coordinates, RSL No. 2 is set at a point with known coordinates, RSL No. 3 is set at a point with known coordinates, RSL No. 4 is set at a point with known coordinates, RSLs are set at a distance of no more than two radii of the maximum detection zone in in order to ensure that the detection area is covered by adjacent buoys, all RSLs are brought into working position, after which, at a given time, the BEC drifts with the engines turned off, receiving power from the onboard battery, the underwater object moves through the RSL line with an unknown course and speed, RSL No. 2 is the first receives the acoustic noise of an underwater object during T ₆ , since it is closer to the underwater object, then during T ₇ the RSL No. 2 sends the received signals through the radio transmission path to the BEC, after which the BEC during T ₈ broadcasts the received information to the MCC, which, having processed the received signals, during T ₉ issues a command to the BEC to take off quadrocopter 3 to a point with given coordinates and reset the VIZ, then RSL No. 2 receives direct acoustic noise from the VIZ explosion first at time T ₁₁ , RSL No. 1 receives direct acoustic noise from the VIZ explosion as the second during time T ₁₂ , while the difference in the time of receiving acoustic signals is due to the different distances between the RSL and the VIZ, RSL No. 2 sends the received signal to the BEC via the RSL-BEC radio channel at time T ₁₃ , and RSL No. 1 at time T ₁₄ , then the BEC transmits direct VIS signals received by the RSL to the BCU (T ₁₅ , T ₁₆ ) via the radio communication channel BEC - BCU, then RSL No. 1 and 2 receive reflected acoustic signals from an underwater object (T ₁₇ , T ₁₈ ), and send the received reflected signals to the BE K 1 (time T ₁₉ , T ₂₀ ), which are redirected to the BCC for further processing of the received signals, and calculation of the parameters of the movement of the underwater object (time T ₂₁ , T ₂₂ ), assuming that the underwater object is moving to the protected area, knowing the power level of the direct and reflected signals received by different RSL, the difference in the time of receiving these signals, the speed of sound in the water in a given area, it is possible to calculate the approximate course and approximate direction of movement of an underwater object, the BEC is equipped with a landing pad with a quadrocopter and launchers, each of which is equipped with a certain number RSL, which are alternately dropped into the water at points with given coordinates at the command of the BCU, while the coordinates of the set buoys are known with high accuracy, since the BEC is equipped with a satellite navigation system, the data from which is applied to the electronic map of the tactical situation tablet at the BCU. 2. The method of illuminating the underwater situation and neutralizing the detected objects according to claim 1, characterized in that the BEC is equipped with a radio communication system that receives data from each RSL, processes this data, determines the coordinates of the underwater target and transmits information to the control center. 3. The method of illuminating the underwater situation and neutralizing the detected objects according to claim 1, characterized in that the RSL has a simpler design, since it does not have a parachute system. 4. The method of illuminating the underwater situation and neutralizing the detected objects according to claim 1, characterized in that the control center has a command post for searching, detecting and neutralizing an underwater target, the detected target can be neutralized with a small-sized depth bomb dropped from a quadrocopter. 5. The method of illuminating the underwater situation and neutralizing the detected objects according to claim 1, characterized in that small-sized ammunition dropped from a quadrocopter is used as a VIZ. 6. The method of illuminating the underwater situation and neutralizing the detected objects according to claim 1, characterized in that a small-sized depth bomb is used as a means of neutralizing the detected underwater target.

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