RU2788053C1 - Earth anchor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction, namely to the fastening of retaining walls and fences of pits in medium-density soils. The earth anchor includes a well drilled in the ground mass, a casing string placed in the well, an anchor rod with opening petals. The earth anchor is equipped with an anchorage unit rigidly fixed in the lower part of the hollow anchor rod, while the anchorage unit is made in the form of a four-petal opening blade and a cone-shaped capsule placed inside it filled with a non-explosive destructive substance.

EFFECT: increasing the bearing capacity of the anchor, simplifying the design of the blade opening mechanism.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, specifically to the fastening of retaining walls and fencing of excavations in soils of medium density.

Known tubular ground anchor, which includes a tubular body with drop-down blades through the rod. At one end, the rod is rigidly connected to the base plate, and at the other end, it is pivotally interconnected with the drop-down blades. The rod has a latch, the ends of which are inserted into the grooves of diametrically located guide bushings attached to the inner wall of the body, while the latch can move in the grooves of the bushings (RF patent No. 2504615, 20.01.2014, Bull. No. 2).

The disadvantage of the known anchor is the high metal consumption and low bearing capacity.

The closest to the claimed technical solution is a tubular ground anchor (RF patent No. 174632, October 24, 2017. Bull. No. 30), including a drilled well, a casing pipe with slots on its side surface, an anchor rod attached to the tubular body, a retainer, butts which are placed in the grooves of the guide bushings, drop-down blades, fixed with the help of hinges on the latch, freely moving in the grooves of the guide bushings, while the latch is located at the bottom of the well.

The sequence of operations is as follows. In the well drilled to the design mark, a casing pipe with an anchor rod with pre-mounted blades, hinged on a movable latch placed with its ends in the grooves of the guide bushings, is installed at the bottom of the well. Next, a percussion device (for example, a pneumatic punch) is launched into the well and a shock is applied to the casing pipe, which, plunging into the bottom of the well and penetrating into the soil by means of a percussion mechanism, produces a full opening of the blades, which take on the working position.

With the essential features of the invention coincides with the following set of features of the prototype: a well drilled in the soil massif, a casing placed in the well, a hollow anchor rod with a drop-down blade.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the low bearing capacity associated with the need to use a percussion mechanism when installing the anchor and the complexity of the design of the opening mechanism of the blade.

The problem to be solved by the invention is to increase the bearing capacity of the anchor, to simplify the design of the blade opening mechanism.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the ground anchor includes a well drilled in the soil massif, a casing pipe placed in the well, an anchor rod with a drop-down blade.

In the proposed solution, the ground anchor is equipped with an anchoring unit rigidly fixed in the lower part of the hollow anchor rod, made in the form of a four-lobed drop-down blade and a cone-shaped capsule placed inside it, filled with a non-explosive destructive substance.

The present invention is illustrated by graphic material.

Figure 1 schematically shows a longitudinal section of the anchoring unit mounted on a hollow anchor rod; figure 2 - node anchoring with unopened four-blade blade; (section A-A from figure 1); figure 3 - anchoring unit with an open four-blade blade (section B-B from Fig. 1).

The ground anchor includes a borehole 1 drilled in the soil mass with a casing pipe 2 installed in it and a hollow anchor rod 3 on the outer surface of which a thread is made. An anchoring unit 4 is placed in the lower part of the hollow anchor rod 3. The anchoring unit 4 consists of a drop-down four-lobed blade 5 and a cone-shaped capsule 6 with a central landing hole. The cone-shaped capsule 6 is filled with a non-explosive expanding substance and is placed between the petals 7, inside the blade 5. The expanding blade 5 has four petals 7, reinforced with stiffeners 8. Holes are made in the stiffeners for installing an annular hinge 9, which unites all the blades 7. In the process of installing the annular hinge 9 forms the seating surface of the blade 5. A destructive non-explosive substance is a powder, for example, a mixture of quicklime with alumino-ferrite, silicate and sulfate additives that increase the expansion pressure. Water is added to the powder before use. The resulting suspension is placed in a capsule 6 and installed in the inner cavity of the drop-down blade 5. The cone-shaped capsule 6 can be made of plastic.

The anchoring unit 4 is rigidly fixed in the lower part of the hollow anchor rod 3 due to the annular hinge 9 (connecting all petals 7), the lower nut 10, the middle washer 11 and the upper nut 12 with the washer. A hollow anchor rod with an anchoring unit 4 is installed in the well 1, made in the soil mass 13. For reliable fixing of the ground anchor in the drilled well 1, a cement-sand mortar 14 is pumped into it.

The ground anchor is mounted and installed as follows.

Well 1 is drilled under the protection of casing pipe 2 in soil mass 13 to the design mark.

Pre-assemble the anchoring unit 4 on the hollow anchor rod 3 in the following sequence.

An upper nut with a washer 12 is installed on the lower end of the hollow rod 3 on the thread.

At the lower end of the hollow rod, close to the washer with nut 12, a cone-shaped capsule 6 is installed, filled with a non-explosive destructive substance, while the central mounting hole in the capsule 6 is used. The middle washer 10 is installed close to the capsule.

At the lower end of the hollow rod 3, close to the capsule 6, a four-blade drop-down blade 7 is installed, united by means of an annular hinge 9, installed through the holes in the stiffening ribs 8.

The lower washer 11 is installed close to the four-lobed drop-down blade 5 and the entire anchoring unit 4 is fixed with the lower nut 10 on the thread, while making sure that the blades 7 do not go beyond the dimensions of the casing pipe.

After installing a hollow anchor rod 3 with an anchoring unit 4 at the wellhead 1, the casing pipe 2 is partially removed from the well 1, allowing the petals 7 to open under the influence of a non-explosive destructive substance, gradually occupying the working (opened) position. In this position, the ground anchor is maintained for 1.5-2.5 days, during which the volume of the non-explosive destructive substance increases by 2.5-3.0 times, opening the four-blade blade 5 by pressing the petals 7 into the soil outside the well, leading them to the open (working) state. Additional opening of the petals 7 is achieved by applying a pulling force applied to the upper end of the anchor rod 3 using a jack (not shown in the figure). After that, cement-sand mortar 14 is pumped through the hollow rod 3 using a pump (not shown in the figure), forming a solid broadening at the mouth of the ground anchor.

The use of the anchoring unit in the claimed invention allows to significantly increase the area of support on the ground, which leads to a significant increase in the bearing capacity of the ground anchor when it is pulled out.

In the inventive ground anchor, the process of opening the blades is based on the use of a non-explosive destructive substance, which, increasing in volume by 2.5-3.0 times, pushes the petals of the opening blade, pressing them into the soil outside the well, i.e. by placing them in their working position, which simplifies the design of the ground anchor blade opening unit.

Claims (1)

A ground anchor comprising a borehole drilled in the soil massif, a casing pipe placed in the borehole, an anchor rod with drop-down petals, characterized in that the ground anchor is provided with an anchoring unit rigidly fixed in the lower part of the hollow anchor rod, while the anchoring unit is made in the form of a four-lobed a drop-down blade and a cone-shaped capsule placed inside it, filled with a non-explosive destructive substance.

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