RU2788018C1 - Compressor unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering; it can be used in pumping systems, compressor and refrigeration equipment. A compressor unit contains cylinders with pistons, oppositely installed and rigidly interconnected with the formation of working and driven cavities, a partition separating driven cavities, a flow distributor, channels of high and low pressure, alternately communicating with driven cavities via the flow distributor. The flow distributor is placed in the partition, and it contains a chamber, in which a distributor spool is located with the possibility of axial movement, and a through hole, in which a switcher spool is located with the possibility of axial movement, on which pushers and a spring are installed. In the distributor spool, channels are made, communicating with driven cavities and channels of high and low pressure, and, on the switcher spool, grooves are made, communicating with the chamber and channels of high and low pressure. Moreover, a working body supplied to driven cavities can be gas, or steam, or liquid; and a working body supplied to working cavities can be gas or steam. Working bodies supplied to driven and working cavities can be both different chemicals and one chemical.

EFFECT: increase in the reliability of a compressor unit, increase in its manufacturability and compactness.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in pump systems, compressor and refrigeration equipment.

An invention is known (AC 442314, publ. 12/15/74) of a hydraulically driven reciprocating compressor containing a cylinder with end caps and opposite differential pistons, between which accumulating pneumatic chambers are located, and a control spool is placed in one of the pistons.

The disadvantage lies in the low efficiency, this is due to the presence of pneumatic chambers, where energy is spent on compressing and expanding the same air, in the complex repair of the compressor and low specific productivity.

The closest solution is (RU 2215186 publ. 27.10.2003) a compressor containing oppositely mounted and rigidly interconnected cylinders with pistons fixed on a common rod with the formation of gas and hydraulic cavities. The pump is connected through a distributor with hydraulic cavities. The limit switches are connected to the pistons in their extreme position. Each of the hydraulic cavities is equipped with telescopic bushings, outer and inner, spring-loaded relative to the end of the cylinder and installed with the possibility of limited axial movement. The end face of the piston is made with an annular protrusion interacting with the end face of the inner sleeve to form a chamber of variable volume. The outer sleeve is installed with the possibility of interaction with the end face of the limit switch. The inner sleeve is spring-loaded relative to the outer sleeve. The outer bushings are provided with radial holes, and the cylinders are provided with channels for communicating the hydraulic cavity with the chamber of variable volume. The radial holes are made with the possibility of partially overlapping the communication with the channels. The valve switching time is reduced, thereby preventing the occurrence of pulsation at the outlet and cavitation at the pump inlet.

The disadvantage of the prototype lies in the complex and unreliable switching system, which is associated with a large number of structural elements of the distributor and movable interfaces between them.

In the proposed design, due to the use of a simple flow distributor built into the unit, the unit control system is more reliable, technologically advanced and more compact.

The compressor unit contains oppositely mounted and rigidly interconnected cylinders 1 and 2 with pistons 3 and 4 fixed on a common rod 5 with the formation of working cavities 6, 7, and drive cavities 8, 9, separated by a partition 10. A flow distributor is placed in the partition 10 , which provides switching the direction of movement of the system piston 3 - rod 5 - piston 4 and includes high pressure channels 11, 12, 13 and low pressure channels 14, 15, 16, 17, as well as a spool-switch 18 with the possibility of axial movement, on the ends of which are made on both sides of the pushers installed in the through hole 19, and the spool valve 20, installed with the possibility of axial movement in the chamber 21 and having grooves 22, 23. Also on the spool 18 is a spring 24. The unit operates as follows.

When the pistons 3,4 move to the right (figure 1), the spool 18 is extended in the through hole 19 to the left, the working fluid enters through the channel 12 into the hole 19 and then into the chamber 21, shifting the spool 20 all the way to the left, while the channels 11 and 15 are blocked spool 18, through channel 13 and groove 23, working fluid A enters cavity 9, moving the system piston 3 - rod 5 - piston 4 to the right. In this case, compression occurs in cavity 7, suction of working fluid B in cavity 6, and working fluid A exits cavity 8 through channel 16 and groove 22. When pistons 3,4 approach the extreme right position, piston 3 acts on the heel of valve 18, moving it in the through hole 19 to the right. In this case, the position of the spool 18 (figure 2) is possible in which the channels 11, 12, 14, 15 are blocked, but the pistons 3,4 continue to move, since the working fluid A under pressure continues to flow into the cavity 7 through the channel 13 and the groove 23. Further, the channel 12 is blocked and the channel 11 opens, through which the working fluid A enters under pressure into the chamber 21 of the spool 20, shifting it to the right until it stops in the chamber 21. The working fluid through the channel 13 and the groove 22 now enters the cavity 8, acting on the piston 3 , that is, the system piston 3 - rod 5 - piston 4 starts to move to the left, the direction of movement of the pistons 3,4 is switched. When this occurs in cavity 6, compression occurs, and in cavity 7 - suction of the working fluid B (figure 3). In this position, the working fluid A leaves the cavity 9 through the channel 17 and the groove 23. When the pistons 3,4 reach the extreme left position, the piston 4 acts on the heel of the spool 18, moving it to the left, and the process is repeated again. Thus, the alternating movement of the system piston 3 - rod 5 - piston 4 to the left and right is provided.

When the unit is idle, it is possible to fix the spool 18 in a position where the channels 11, 12, 14, 15 are simultaneously blocked (figure 2) and the spool 20 is also in the neutral position (for example, both channels 22 and 23 of the spool 20 are blocked (not shown conventionally) Then the movement of the pistons 3,4 and the rod 5 is impossible.To exclude this, a spring 24 is installed in the left or (right) part of the spool 18, which provides a guaranteed return of the spool 18 to its extreme position to ensure the start of the unit.

The working fluid A supplied to the drive cavities can be gas, or steam, or liquid; and the working fluid B supplied to the working cavities can be gas or steam. Working fluids A and B can be either different chemicals or the same chemical.

The operation of the unit is explained by the pictures:

in FIG. 1 shows the unit when the pistons move to the right;

in FIG. 2 shows the unit with a possible stop in the intermediate position of the spool-switch;

in FIG. 3 shows the unit when the pistons move to the left.

Claims (1)

A compressor unit containing oppositely mounted and rigidly interconnected cylinders with pistons to form working and drive cavities, a partition separating the drive cavities, a flow distributor, high and low pressure channels, alternately communicating with the drive cavities through a flow distributor, characterized in that the distributor flow is placed in the partition and contains a chamber in which the valve-distributor is placed with the possibility of axial movement, a through hole in which the valve-switch is placed with the possibility of axial movement, on which the pushers and the spring are installed, while the channels are made in the valve-distributor, communicating with drive cavities and channels of high and low pressure, and on the spool-switch there are grooves that communicate with the chamber and channels of high and low pressure.

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