RU2786095C1 - Antiparasitic composition for maral stags and its application method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary medicine; veterinary parasitology.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of veterinary medicine, namely to veterinary parasitology; it is intended for the treatment of helminthiasis in maral stags. An antiparasitic composition includes a “Helmicide” anthelmintic preparation, chalk, and feed salt. Components are used in the claimed amounts. A method for the treatment of helminthiasis in maral stags is also presented, including feeding of the specified composition by triple laying of the composition in solonetzic soils from May to August with an interval between laying of 40 days, in amount of 2.3 kg per one animal in one laying.

EFFECT: use of the group of inventions allows for an increase in the efficiency of treatment of helminthiasis in maral stags.

2 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to veterinary parasitology, in particular to agents for the treatment of helminthiases in stag deer.

It is known the use of phenothiazine in strongyloidiasis of antler deer when given once with food in doses of 10 to 70 g, depending on the age of the deer (“Medicines in veterinary medicine”, Chervyakov D.K., Evdokimov P.D., Vitker A.S., M.: Kolos, 1997, pp. 362-364).

Known anthelmintic agent albendazole 10%, a wide spectrum of action used individually or in a group way at a dose of 75-100 mg per 1 kg of animal (cattle) weight, (“Guidelines for the use of albendazole granules for deworming animals”, approved 12/29/2001 Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Russia No. 13-3-04/0294).

However, with a short prolonging action of drugs and with extensive contamination of pastures by an invasive onset, their use causes (especially with a single treatment) re-infestation throughout the pasture period, and given the semi-wild content of marals, even a single treatment causes difficulty, since any herding of animals into a limited space causes stress and not infrequently the death of animals. In addition, albendazole does not have a sufficiently wide spectrum of action.

A known method of deworming wild ungulates is characterized by the fact that before deworming salt is removed from the licks, after 5-7 days the required amount of the drug is added with a small amount of salt, which will be immediately eaten by animals. This procedure is carried out twice a year (RF Patent No. 2687146, IPC A61R 33/10).

Long-term use of anthelmintics with the same active substance, according to a number of researchers, causes addiction in helminths, reducing the effectiveness of drugs, which is reflected in extensive and intensive indicators towards an increase in the biomass of parasites. To prevent the process of adaptation of helminths to the active substance of anthelmintic drugs, it is necessary to change the active substance, and, accordingly, the drugs, and more importantly, use a combination of drugs with different chemical composition, their joint use will be more effective and slow down the process of adaptation of helminths.

Known antiparasitic composition and method of its use for the treatment of ruminants. The composition includes a supramolecular complex of albendazole with arabinogalactan, a supramolecular complex of ivermectin with arabinogalactan, carboxymethylcellulose and is intended for the treatment of ruminants by oral administration of the antiparasitic composition once, individually. The test of this drug (with a combination of two known anthelmintics with a water-soluble polymer arabinogaloctan) in the form of a stable aqueous suspension showed a significant advantage of this composition over the original forms (RF patent No. 2699799, IPC A61K 31/415, A61R 33/10 publ. No. 26).

However, a single therapeutic dose of an anthelmintic drug in conditions of extensive contamination of pastures for deer and the duration of the pasture period (May-September) cannot be sufficiently effective, and the form of drug administration in the form of an aqueous suspension, and even individually, in principle, is not possible due to the semi-wild content deer at natural watering places (streams, springs) in the park.

The objective of the proposed invention is to expand the arsenal of antiparasitic agents and methods for the treatment of helminthiases of stag deer, taking into account the peculiarities of their content.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the antiparasitic composition for deer stags includes an anthelmintic drug mixed with chalk and salt, according to the claimed invention, "Gelmicide" is used as an anthelmintic drug in the following ratio of components, wt,% - "Helmicide" - 0, 9-1.3, chalk - 35.0, fodder salt - the rest, and the method of using the antiparasitic composition for the treatment of deer stags, including feeding the composition, according to the claimed invention, is carried out by three times laying the composition in the amount of 2.3 kg per animal in one bookmark from May to August, inclusive, with an interval between bookmarks of 40 days. Chalk GOST - 17498 - 72; Sol TU 08.93.10 - 052 - 00203944 - 2018.

In the biorhythm of antler deer, there is a cycle of active fattening, which falls on the summer-pasture period, during which the animals are not subjected to any manipulations, that is, they are not disturbed. Marals are at rest, fattening live weight, which subsequently significantly affects their productivity. However, it is at this time that animals become infected with most types of parasites and accumulate in the body of marals. In connection with the semi-wild content of marals for the treatment and prevention of helminthiases in the summer-pasture period, the most optimal method of deworming is feeding preparations using salt licks, which are actively visited by animals. Regular intake of salt provides the body with sodium, which, with an insufficient amount of calcium, is ineffective in metabolism. Calcium in nature is found in clay, which wild marals find on washed-out river banks and mountain slopes. The concentration of calcium in some types of clay is low, while deer for agricultural purposes are kept in limited areas, which deprives them of the natural opportunity to search for clay, in addition, natural outcrops of clay to the surface of the earth are rare in a limited area, while how calcium in a living organism serves as the main material for building bone tissue, is part of all cells of the body, participates in regulating the reaction of the blood, the excitability of muscle and nervous tissues, blood clotting, improves digestion and metabolism. It should be noted that calcium is not absorbed well enough from plant foods and is consumed in large quantities by the body during stress.

The essence of the invention is as follows. Studies have shown that a single therapeutic dose of an anthelmintic drug, especially in conditions of extensive contamination of pastures and the duration of the pasture period (May-September), is not effective enough, due to the fact that feeding the recommended single (shock) dose of the drug when working with deer, and their specific conditions of detention, is almost impossible. Thus, the drug placed in salt licks located in the park is eaten gradually, and the longer this period, the lower the dose of the drug consumed when the animal approaches the salt lick, the lower its effect. Marals approach salt licks, feeling the need for salt, not regularly, unpredictably, and taking into account individual needs. It is possible to reduce the time of eating the mixture only by some method that attracts animals to salt licks, for example, using chalk, which is a source of calcium, as a bait in the composition with an anthelmintic drug. This technique became possible due to the fact that in fenced parks where deer are kept, as a rule, there is a shortage of clay, with which animals replenish their calcium supply. In addition, the efficiency of discrete consumption of the drug can be increased by the found multiplicity of its issuance during the grazing period. Therefore, the possibility of two and three single treatment of stag marals was studied when determining a sufficient dose of chalk in the composition, while monitoring the behavioral reactions of animals (the intake of the mixture) and the effectiveness of the anthelmintic drug when introduced into the composition of chalk and the further influence of its sufficient amount, in combination with natural calcium consumption (clay and feed), on the antler productivity of stag deer. It should also be noted that with a high hygroscopicity of the salt, when the humidity rises significantly, this exposure loses its powdery structure and can reduce its therapeutic properties (leaching of the anthelmintic from the salt), while the presence of chalk in the composition helps to preserve its integrity, delaying part moisture on yourself.

The antiparasitic drug "Gelmicide" is a small gray granules for oral use. As an active ingredient, the drug contains in 1 g of granules: albendazole - 200 mg and oxyclozanide - 70 mg, as well as some excipients. The composition of the drug provides a wide range of anthelmintic action against nematodes, cestodes and trematodes. With oral administration of the drug, the active substance is rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract of animals and penetrates into organs and tissues; It is excreted from the body with urine and partly with faeces in unchanged form and in the form of metabolites. According to the degree of impact on the body, "Gelmicide" belongs to low-hazard substances (hazard class 4 according to GOST 12.1.007-76) and is well tolerated by animals. The drug is used by animals individually or in groups in a mixture with concentrated feed.

Production tests of the Helmicid preparation (manufactured by LLC AVZ S-P, Russia, Sergiev Posad) for two years (2019-2020) using the recommended doses (taking into account losses), chalk and salt.

Preliminary experience of feeding a mixture of chalk and salt (without "Helmicide") calculated according to the recommended norms for 60 days showed that in the presence of chalk, the duration of the mixture was eaten shorter, that is, the bookmarks were eaten not in 60 days (as when laying one salt), but in 48 days, but there was a slight overdose of salt. Based on this, in the experiments of 2019-2020, in order to avoid overdose, the compositions of the experimental groups were formed in the form of half the recommended daily doses of salt and chalk (salt - 36.5 g / day, chalk - 15-20 g / day) that were eaten from 15 to 20 days. In the empty salt licks for the remaining days, salt was placed at a dose of 73.5 g/day per animal. The chalk was not fed during the remaining period, so that during the subsequent laying of the composition, the effect of its faster eating would be repeated in the presence of chalk, which ensured a higher dose of consumed "Helmicide" with a one-time approach of the deer stag to the salt lick.

Since in the experiment of 2019 the season for treating animals with Helmicid was carried out twice from May to August, inclusive, the interval between treatments was 60 days (May 10 and July 10).

Studies on the effectiveness of the compositions were carried out by studying the scatological material taken from animals throughout the entire experimental period (May-September). In the first year (2019), the experiment was carried out on three groups of stag deer (live weight of one animal on average 300 kg), 92 heads in each group. The composition was fed to the first group:

"Helmicide" - 30 g (including losses) per animal;

Chalk - 15 g/day per animal;

Salt - 37 g / day. for one animal.

Second group:

"Helmicide" - 30 g;

Chalk - 20 g / day.

Salt - 37 g / day.

Third group:

"Helmicide" - 30 g;

Salt - 73 g / day.

When recalculating the constituent compositions in percentage terms, they were:

As studies have shown, the palatability of the anthelmintic mixture in the first group was at the level of 19-20 days, in the second 15-16 days, while salt with anthelmintic (group 3) was eaten at the time of usual eating of salt when laying it in salt licks (40 -45 days), that is, there was a clear preference for animals compositions with chalk, which predetermined when eating a higher dose of the anthelmintic with a single approach of the deer stag to salt licks.

During the experiment period, three collections of scatological material from stag deer of all groups were carried out. The first collection was carried out before the first laying of mineral mixtures, the second - before laying the second portion of mineral mixtures, and the third after the end of the grazing period (October), a comparative result of the extensive and intensive efficiency of mixtures is shown in Table 1.

The effectiveness of three antiparasitic mineral mixtures in 2019 with a double bookmark.

As a result of the experiment on the effectiveness of the compositions, it was found that in the first and second groups, EE and IE were higher compared to the third group, especially with trichuriasis and dicroceliasis, and there was a tendency to increase the effectiveness of the treatment of deer stags of the second group, where the chalk content was at the level 35% compared with the first group (29%). Studies have shown that the absence of chalk (third group) probably affected the palatability of the antiparasitic composition (respectively, the dose of Helmicide) in the direction of its decrease and, as a result, reduced EE and IE, especially in gastrointestinal strongylates (GI) and dicroceliasis. Thus, the presence of chalk in the antiparasitic composition significantly affects its palatability and antiparasitic efficacy, respectively, and the dose of the Helmicid preparation to be consumed with each approach to the salt lick.

In the experiment of 2020, two groups of stag deer were involved, 120 heads each, with a live weight of deer, on average, 300 kg. The composition of the studied compositions was as follows: for the first group (2020), the composition with the best performance in the experience of 2019 "Gelmicide" - 0.9%, chalk - 35.0%, salt - the rest was used. The second group of animals was given - 45 g - per animal, chalk - 40 g per day per animal, salt - the rest, which in terms of percentage was: "Helmicide" - 1.3%, chalk - 35.0, salt - the rest with a triple laying of mixtures in both groups of stag deer during the flight-pasture period with an interval between treatments of 40 days (120:3) and a four-fold scatological study. Thus, in the 2020 experiment, a higher dose of Helmicide was tested than recommended by the Instructions for Use - 45 g per animal (1.3% in the composition). Such a dose at discrete (rather than one-time) consumption could not adversely affect the health of animals, but, as studies have shown, it predetermined, albeit slightly, better results and can be used with very extensive contamination of pastures. A comparative analysis of the extensive and intensive indicators of the effectiveness of the Helmicid preparation in the experiment of 2020 and the studies obtained in 2019 is shown in Table 2. The involvement of the second group of 2019 for the comparative analysis of the indicators of the extensive efficiency of the second group of 2019 is justified by the fact that with the same composition of the composition for the first group of stag deer 2020 year and the second group of stag deer in 2019, the laying of compositions in 2019 was carried out twice, and in 2020 three times.

Comparative analysis of extensive and intensive indicators of the effectiveness of the drug "Gelmicid" in the experiments of 2019-2020.

Studies have shown that the use of the composition at a dose of the drug "Helmicide" - 1.3% in the composition predetermined the high extensive efficiency of its use. Thus, the highest EE and IE were found in trichuriasis, dicroceliasis and elaphostrongylosis. Similar mixtures (Group 2, 2019 and Group 1, 2020) showed the best result when fed three times (Group 1, 2020), that is, when the composition is fed three times, a dose of Helmicid can be used - 0.9%. Observation of animals did not reveal signs of an overdose of the drug (anorexia, disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, and so on).

The effectiveness of the composition, in which the dose of helmicide was at the level recommended by the "Manual for use" - 30 g (taking into account losses) per head (Group 1, 2020) with three times feeding of the anthelmintic during the pasture period was better compared to the results of two times feeding the mixture of the second group in 2019 with the same amount of chalk in the composition of the mixture, which predetermined the possibility of effective use of the dose of the drug "Helmicide" - 30 g, but with a three-fold bookmark.

The analysis of hematological data of blood serum of marals before and after feeding the antiparasitic composition showed that they correspond to the physiological norm, therefore, there are no metabolic disorders in animals, but positive differences are still found. Significant differences were noted in terms of hematocrit, glucose and urea. High levels of urea in the blood of stag deer indicate chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract or a deficiency of carbohydrates and macro-microelements. At the end of the experiment, there is a decrease in urea in the blood by 18%. Hematocrit slightly increased, which indicates an improvement in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. The stag marals have a low glucose content at the beginning of the experiment, which indicates a lack of easily digestible carbohydrates, which in turn is a consequence of a lack of macronutrients. At the end of the research, the level of glucose in the blood of stag marals increased, the animals showed an improvement in their physiological state, which was reflected in the timing of molting.

Thus, the optimal composition of the claimed composition is wt.% "Helmicide" - 0.9-1.3, chalk - 35 per animal per day, salt - the rest when the composition is laid three times in salt licks from May to August, inclusive in the amount 2.3 kg (according to calculations) per animal in one tab from May to August, inclusive, with an interval between tabs of 40 days. Since the percentage of "Helmicide" in the composition is very small (0.9-1.3%) compared to the total percentage of chalk and salt (99.1-98.7%), according to calculations, the amount of the composition per animal per 40 days (per bookmark) ranges from 2.29 kg (with the content of "Helmicide" 0.9%) to 2.305 kg (with the content of "Helmicide" 1.3%), and with the content of "Helmicide" 1.1% ( average from the extreme limits) per animal is 2.30 kg, then for the convenience of using the method, the amount of the composition per animal with one tab is 2.3 kg, and farms, depending on the contamination of parks or financial possibilities, can use any dose in the composition the drug "Gelmicide" of the declared in the range from 0.9 to 1.3%.

The method of preparation of the composition

Feed salt and chalk were used to prepare the mixture. The components (for better mixing) were mixed with a mixer (SGO-4) three times. First, salt and chalk were mixed until a homogeneous mass, after which the required amount of Helmicide anthelmintic was added and mixed according to the recipe for each test composition. Chalk GOST - 17498 - 72; Salt TU 08.93.10 - 052 - 00203944 - 2018. Method of application of the antiparasitic composition After cutting the antlers (May 20), 100 marals are released into the garden of the park for natural fattening. At the same time, the claimed composition in the amount of 2.3 kg per animal is added to the prepared (salt-free) salt licks. With a high infestation of the park with helminthiases, 230 kg of the prepared mixture per 100 animals should contain, for example, 1.3% of the Helmicid preparation (2.99 kg), 35% of chalk (80.5 kg) and 146.5 kg of salt. After the stag deer eat the mixture, salt licks are filled with ordinary salt, and 40 days after the first tab of the antiparasitic composition (July 1), the mixture is added again (second tab), also with control of palatability, after the second tab after 40 days (10 August) produce the third bookmark of the antiparasitic composition, as a result of which the therapeutic effect of the composition is prolonged until the end of the grazing period.

The antler productivity of stag deer (group 2) participating in the 2020 experiment was determined during the assessment in May 2021 and was 12% higher than the average for the herd over 5 years.

Thus, the claimed antiparasitic composition, taking into account the method of its application, can be used for deer stags for the prevention and treatment of helminthiasis, despite the specific features of the content of deer.

Claims (3)

1. Antiparasitic composition for deer stags, characterized in that it includes the anthelmintic drug "Gelmicide" mixed with chalk and salt in the following ratio, wt. %: "Helmicide" 0.9-1.3 Chalk 35.0 Feed salt rest 2. A method for the treatment of helminthiases in stag marals, including feeding an antiparasitic composition, characterized in that the antiparasitic composition according to claim 1 is used by three times laying the composition in solonetzes in the amount of 2.3 kg per animal in one tab from May to August inclusive with an interval between bookmarks 40 days.