RU2785114C1 - Device for complication of flax stems - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to equipment for flattening flax stalks. The device for flattening flax stalks is made in the form of flattening rollers installed behind the stripper of the flax harvester. The flattening rolls are installed behind the pulling part of the flax harvester with the possibility of moving in the axial direction within the limits of the change in the technical length of the plants. The flattening rolls are mounted on a frame that can be moved on rollers along the support frame in the direction of the axes of the flattening rolls by means of a hydraulic cylinder. In this case, the lower roller is rigidly mounted on the frame, and the upper roller is mounted on a movable frame, which is connected to the frame with the help of a hinge system and is pressed towards the lower roller by springs controlled by screw mechanisms. Both rollers are driven, and the lower roller is driven by chain and gear gears located in the crankcase frame of the flax harvester, and the upper roller is driven from the lower roller by gear and cardan gears.

EFFECT: efficiency of flattening flax stalks is increased.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used when harvesting fiber flax.

World practice proves that in order to obtain high-quality flaxseed, stalks must be flattened. The flattening of the pulled flax plants is aimed at destroying the structure of the stem by compressing it until cracks appear in it to improve air filtration, speed up drying and uniform maceration of the stems along their length, which will make it possible to obtain a trust that is uniform in terms of curing. The compression deformation of plants is ensured by the use of flattening devices that carry out a continuous technological process of stem flattening [1 p. 17].

It is also known that the most effective are those methods of crushing stems when they are carried out on freshly plucked flax [1 p. 22], that is, when performing the pulling of plants - the first harvesting operation in all applied technologies (combine, separate, etc.). Such an arrangement of flattening in the technological sequence of harvesting operations will ensure the earliest start of stem tissue maceration, which will shorten the preparation time of the trust, improve the quality and increase the yield of long fiber.

A device [2] is known for implementing the method of harvesting fiber flax, which contains a pulling apparatus mounted on the crankcase, a device for forming pulled out stems into a tape, a flattening apparatus made in the form of rollers located one under the other, and a spreading device in which the rollers of the flattening apparatus are made in the form of truncated cones, turned with large bases towards the stripper of the machine.

Known flax harvester [3], containing a sectional pulling device, output device, combing apparatus and other working bodies, in which flattening rollers are mounted in front of the combing apparatus.

Known self-propelled frontal flax cutter LTS-1.65 [4 p. 122], consisting of a lifting apparatus, a spreading conveyor with a flattening device and a power unit.

Also known terebilka-conditioner TPL-4K [4 p. 124, 5], which includes a pulling part, an apparatus for flattening the butt of the stems, a device for forced spreading of the flax tape, which are mounted on the crankcase frame.

A common disadvantage of the known device [2] and flax harvesters [3, 4, 5] is the flattening of the stems only in the root part of the flax plants. Moreover, the size of the possible flattening zone has a constant value and is limited by the length of the flattening rollers, which will not provide a uniform degree of curing over the entire technical length of the stems, which can vary from 50 to 110 cm [6 p. 7]. The part of the length of the stems that is outside the flattening zone will mature longer, delaying the harvesting of the trust from the field and reducing the quality of the fiber.

In this regard, there was an urgent need to introduce into flax harvesters and flax balers such mechanisms that would make it possible to issue pulled flax with a completely flattened stalk from flax harvesters to the flax [1 p. 12].

A device for processing flax into fiber [7] is known, containing a pair of flattening rollers made of several hinged elements with the possibility of changing the length of the rollers and, thereby, allowing the entire length of the stem to be processed with flattening rollers.

The disadvantages of the known device include the complexity of the design and the need to perform disassembly and assembly work to change the length of the rollers, which does not provide speedy regulation of the size of the zone of crushing of the stems when changing the technical length of the plants.

The closest in technical essence and set technical tasks to the proposed one is a device for implementing a combine method of harvesting and processing flax into fiber [8], made in the form of flattening rollers installed behind the combing machine of a flax harvester. This design of the crushing rollers will evenly process the stem of the plant along its entire length.

A disadvantage of the known device [8] for combine harvesting is the location of the crushing rollers behind the stripper of the flax harvester, since the conditioning of the entire plant stem by such a device is possible only after the seed part is separated from it. If the device is placed in front of the stripper after the pulling part, the conditioning rollers will not only affect the stem structure, but also the seed pods. The last variant of using the known device will cause a decrease in the sowing qualities of the seeds due to their damage by the flaking rollers.

With a separate (two-phase) harvesting technology, it is also possible to flatten the entire stem of a plant with a known device [8] only after separating the seed part from it, that is, when performing the second phase of harvesting or after it, after 5–10 days or more after pulling the plants. Such an arrangement of flattening in the flax harvesting technology will delay the preparation of the trust and reduce the quality of the fiber. Therefore, it is necessary to flatten the stems at the earliest possible time of harvesting, that is, when pulling the plants. However, the design and principle of operation of the known device [8] makes it impossible to use it in the implementation of the first phase of separate harvesting of fiber flax, as this will cause inevitable loss of seeds from destroyed seed pods and a decrease in the sowing qualities of most of the remaining seeds due to their damage by crushing rollers. .

The noted shortcomings of the known device [8] limit its effective use only by the combine harvesting method with the location of the flattening rollers in the design of the flax harvester after the stripper.

The technical objective of the invention is to improve the efficiency of flattening flax stalks.

The stated technical problem is solved due to the fact that in the proposed device for flattening flax stalks, made in the form of flattening rollers installed behind the stripper of the flax harvester, according to the present invention, the flattening rollers are installed behind the picking part of the flax harvester with the possibility of moving in the axial direction within changes in the technical length of plants.

A positive technical result is to reduce the time of preparation of trusts and improve the quality of the fiber obtained using the proposed device. The result is achieved due to the uniform flattening of the stems along the entire technical length of freshly pulled plants.

With the proposed design of the device for flattening flax stalks, when the flattening rollers are installed behind the pulling part of the flax harvester with the ability to move in the axial direction within the limits of the change in the technical length of the plants, uniform flattening of the stalks along the entire technical length of freshly pulled plants will occur due to the fact that the entire part of the stem, containing fiber, will be evenly treated with flattening rollers capable of changing the position of the upper limit of its flattening zone so that when the length of the plants changes, this limit always coincides with the upper limit of the technical length of flax plants. Thus, due to the location of the proposed device behind the pulling part of the flax harvester with the possibility of moving the flattening rollers in the axial direction within the range of changes in the technical length of the plants, the entire part of the stem containing the fiber will be evenly processed by the flattening rollers at the earliest stages of harvesting, and thereby an increase in efficiency of flax stalks crushing. In addition, the proposed device can be used in the implementation of all known flax harvesting technologies, starting with the pulling of plants. The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the proposed device for crushing flax stalks in a variant of its execution on a flax puller-conditioner TPL-4K [4 p. 124, 5].

The device 9 for flattening flax stalks is installed on a flax harvester, for example, a flax puller-conditioner TPL-4K, containing a pulling part 1, a spreading device 11 and a drive system 15 (for example, from a tractor PTO), mounted on a crankcase frame 2 with a link 14 and wheel travel 12. To change the height of the pulling plants and transfer the machine from the working position to the transport position, the hydraulic cylinder 18 is used. and 4 should not be less than the maximum possible technical length of plants - 110 cm [6 p. 7]. Frame 10 with flattening rollers 3 and 4 is made with the possibility of moving on rollers 13 along the support frame 17 in the direction of the axes of flattening rollers 3 and 4 using a hydraulic cylinder 16. The lower roller 3 is mounted rigidly on the frame 10. The upper roller 4 is mounted on a movable frame 7, which is connected to the frame 10 with the help of a system of hinges 8. The hinge allows the upper roller 4 to move away from the lower roller 3 when the thickness of the stem mass changes both along the length and width of the plant belt. The movable frame 7 of the upper roller 4 is pressed towards the lower roller 3 by springs 6, the action of which is regulated by screw mechanisms 5. Both rollers 3 and 4 are driven. The lower roller 3 is driven by chain and gear drives 21 located in the frame-case 2 of the flax harvester. The upper roller 4 is driven from the lower roller 3 by means of gear 19 and cardan 20 gears. The cardan gear 20 allows the upper roller 4 together with the frame 7 to change its position under the action of the stem mass.

The device for crushing flax stalks works as follows.

The layer of flax plants, leaving the pulling part 1 of the flax harvester, is pulled by the proposed device 9 into the gap between the flattening rollers 3 and 4, rotating towards each other. The springs 6 transmit the force from their compression through the frame 7 to the upper roller 4. The compression force of the springs 6 is adjusted using the screw mechanism 5. Under the action of the compression force of the flattening rollers, the structure of the flax stalks is partially destroyed, which is necessary to accelerate the start and increase the intensity of the maceration process . The flattened stems fall into the area of action of the next working body of the flax harvester (for example, spreader 11 or combing machine) and then spread on the surface of the field for aging in the trust.

When changing the height of the stalks, the machine operator, using the hydraulic cylinder 18, makes the corresponding changes in the height of the pulling part and, at the same time, moves the frame 10 with the crushing rollers along the support frame 17 on the rollers 13 with the help of the hydraulic cylinder 16 to such a position that the upper boundary of the flattening zone coincides with the upper limit of the technical length of flax plants.

Thus, the conditioning of the stalks in the flax layer will be carried out at the earliest stages of flax harvesting with maximum effect along the entire technical length of the plants, due to the possibility of adjusting the size of the conditioning zone depending on the height of the stalks by moving the conditioning rollers in the axial direction.

List of sources used:

1. Kovalev, M.M., Kozlov, V.P. Flattening apparatus of flax harvesters (design, theory, calculation): Monograph. - Tver regional book and magazine publishing house, 2002. - 208 p.

2. A.s. 1658878 USSR, MKI A01D 45/06. Method for harvesting fiber flax and device for its implementation. / MM. Kovalev, A.I. Brotsman, M.M. Trush, V.G. Chernikov, V.P. Goldovich and V.M. Kalugin. No. 4713543/15, appl. 07/04/89, publ. 06/30/1991. Bull. No. 24.

3. A.s. 1746932 USSR, MKI A01D 45/06. Flax harvester. / N.N. Bykov, M.M. Kovalev and S.V. Vinogradov. No. 4778975/15, application. 01/08/90, publ. 07/15/1992. Bull. No. 26.

4. Kolchina, L.M., Kovalev M.M. Experience in mastering progressive technologies and technical means for harvesting and primary processing of fiber flax: Nauch. analytical review. - M.: FGNU "Rosinformagrotech", 2008 - 152 p.

5. Zintsov, A.N., Smirnov, N.A., Sokolov, V.N. Separate harvesting of fiber flax and a machine for its implementation (Treebilka-conditioner TPL-4K) / Achievements of science and technology of the agro-industrial complex. - 2006, No. 11 - S. 45-46.

6. Trush M.M., Karpunin F.M. Reference book of flax grower. - L .: Agropromizdat, 1985. - 240 p., ill. 7. A.s. 1743453 USSR, MKI A01D 45/06. A device for processing flax into fiber. / L.A. Solodyankin, V.N. Morozov. No. 4775172/15, appl. 12/28/1989, publ. 06/30/1992. Bull. No. 24.

8. A.s. 130272 USSR, MKI A01D 45/06. A method of harvesting and processing flax for fiber and a device for implementing the method / G.A. Hylis, P.K. Kondrashchuk, L.Yu. Gurvich, N.N. Bykov and F.V. Teeth. No. 644060/30, Appl. 11/16/1959, publ. 1960. Bull. No. 14.

Claims (1)

A device for flattening flax stalks, made in the form of flattening rollers installed behind the stripper of the flax harvester, characterized in that the flattening rollers are installed behind the pulling part of the flax harvester with the possibility of moving in the axial direction within the range of changes in the technical length of the plants, and the flattening rollers are mounted on a frame , made with the possibility of moving on rollers along the support frame in the direction of the axes of the crushing rollers using a hydraulic cylinder, while the lower roller is mounted rigidly on the frame, and the upper roller is mounted on a movable frame, which is attached to the frame by means of a hinge system and pressed towards the lower roller springs, adjustable screw mechanisms, both rollers are driven, and the lower roller is driven by chain and gear gears located in the crankcase frame of the flax harvester, and the upper roller is driven from the lower roller by gear and cardan gears.

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