RU2783562C2 - Crane - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a crane of large load capacity. The crane includes a running part, crane module (1) without the running part with frame (3), on which telescopically retractable boom (7) is attached, and with support beams (8) put from sides, equipped with support racks (9) at their ends. Crane module (1) is equipped with docking elements (10), using which it is attached to the running part equipped with suitable locking elements (11), providing sustainability.

EFFECT: improvement of a crane is achieved.

13 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a crane, in particular to a heavy-duty crane, which is mobile due to the corresponding undercarriage, and a crane module is provided without a undercarriage with a frame on which a telescopically retractable boom is attached and with adjustable support beams equipped with support posts, moreover, the crane module equipped with docking elements, with which it is connected to the undercarriage, equipped with suitable locking elements, ensuring stability.

A crane of this type is presented, for example, in the application DE 102013009357 A1. In this known configuration, a crane module without running gear, called a crane unit, is mounted on top of the undercarriage. It is completely designed as a heavy duty truck with its own drive unit and driver's cab. This heavy duty truck is used without a crane to transport other goods. In this case, the heavy-duty truck forming the undercarriage does not provide a simple adaptation of the characteristics of the undercarriage to various purposes of use, and for docking it is not installed using the crane module boom, but drives with its own drive device under the crane module mounted on the trestles, which then descends on him.

From EP 0 919 508 A2 a crane is known with a frame consisting of separate parts, accommodating a frame without a counterweight arm for the crane boom. This multi-part frame, in which the necessary counterweight is built in, consists of a middle part without a running gear and outer parts of the frame attached to it in front and behind, equipped with heavy-duty rollers. Attached in front and behind to the middle part of the frame, the outer parts of the frame are not replaceable, but are part of the frame, completing it.

DE 102008047737 B4 presents a crane of modular design with several modules that are joined to each other in the form of a panel module, which forms the main component and carries the crane boom, a drive module, an auxiliary module, an accessory module, etc. The panel module, which forms the main components, is equipped with axles and rollers, like the other modules.

In the application DE 202016101503 U1, a crane is presented that is installed for transportation on a semi-trailer, made in the form of a trailer. Here there is no other possibility of moving except with the help of a trailer.

From application KR 100907727 B1, a crane module is known, which, with its frame, is installed on a platform supported by side crawler running gears. In this case, the platform with lateral caterpillar running gears practically forms a running trolley on which the crane module is installed. There is no other possibility of movement here.

Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to improve the faucet of the type described at the outset in such a way that, by means of simple economical means, it will be possible to use it in many different ways.

This problem is solved in accordance with the invention by the fact that the crane module on the longitudinal and transverse sides is equipped with docking elements, with which they are joined, equipped with suitable locking elements, moved by means of an arrow at the crane module raised on the supporting posts, running units made as replaceable units , selectable and adaptable depending on the purpose of use.

These measures make it possible to connect the appropriate running units for each intended purpose of using the crane, and for connecting the selected running units, the crane can be raised on the support legs of its support beams, and the docking running units can be moved using an arrow. For this reason, the crane according to the invention can be adapted very simply and quickly to the required application and provides a variability in use, which guarantees a good loading and a correspondingly high economic efficiency.

The advantages of the embodiments and the preferred improvements to the basic solution are given in the dependent claims.

According to the first embodiment, the docking elements can be located directly on the frame. As an alternative, the frame can be mounted on a loading platform, which in turn is equipped with docking elements. An advantage here is provided by the conversion kit, which makes it possible to easily convert existing cranes with the means according to the invention. At the same time, this ensures that the support beams provided on the side of the frame can pass without collisions the connecting elements associated with the load platform located below. Of course, in order to ensure versatile use, the docking elements can be located both on the frame and on the loading platform.

With further improvement of the basic solution, as running units for moving on a fixed base on opposite sides, preferably on the front and rear sides, at least one running element can be attached, including a running frame containing locking elements associated with the docking elements and, according to at least two paired rollers. Front and rear attachment bogies are inexpensive to manufacture and allow a compact crane system on a fixed base, where the bogies can advantageously be equipped with a loading surface and be used for transporting goods.

The rollers can be made in the form of single rollers for rolling movement along the floor of the workshop or the territory of the plant. This ensures that the crane can be easily positioned at the desired working position. Alternatively, the rollers can be designed as road rollers, preferably fitted with heavy duty tires. This is a system that can move on the road, thanks to which the crane can be transported as a trailer using a towing vehicle. In this case, the front running element is preferably equipped with a towing device. In this case, it is most preferable to provide a semi-trailer element attached to the running element, as a result of which a semi-trailer attached to the tractor will be obtained.

To create a rail-movable crane, at least one running element is attached behind and in front, which include a running frame containing locking elements associated with the docking elements and at least two paired rail rollers equipped with flanges located on one wheel rack on which the chassis frame rests. These solutions ensure the creation of a reliable rail vehicle.

In this case, each running element free at one end is preferably equipped in the area of its free end with a towing device for attaching to an adjacent train car. Thus, the cargo crane according to the invention can be easily integrated into a train equipped with a locomotive and does not need its own drive.

In addition or as an alternative to the towing device, it can be provided that at least one attached running element is provided with drive rollers. This running element can be connected directly to the frame, load platform or to one of the already connected running elements. In this way, independence from an additional tractor or the like is easily ensured.

Further developments of the basic solution can provide two driven caterpillar running gears located opposite each other as running units for moving on an unsecured platform, which can optionally be connected to the longitudinal and transverse sides of the crane. These solutions make it possible to use the crane according to the invention even on unsecured sites, and also provide the possibility of choosing the direction of movement in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the crane and, accordingly, the possibility of its versatile use.

In addition, it is preferable to provide that docking elements associated with at least one side of the crane are extended in the direction of the connecting running unit. This allows the track width to be increased in a simple way.

Preferably, the docking elements include a flange pair with two parallel, outwardly spaced vertical flanges, and the locking elements include a flange pair with two parallel, vertical flanges, forming a corresponding docking element, a flange pair inside or flanges located along the flanks on the outside, and one flange pair includes an open a groove in the engagement direction, and the corresponding other flange pair contains a transverse bolt entering the groove of the first flange pair, and at least two adjacent flanges, preferably all flanges of both flange pairs, detect a coaxial drilled transverse hole for a through transverse valve. These solutions provide a quick connection for a tip-over and sway-resistant docking of each undercarriage, and consequently increase overall serviceability and reliability.

Another improvement of the basic solution can consist in the fact that at least one crossbar equipped with appropriate locking elements can be docked with the free side docking elements, which, with the help of the locking elements also provided at its opposite end, is docked with the free side docking elements of the next crane . Here, the advantage is that a combination of cranes from several connected cranes is possible, which can interact in the required way, which in certain cases can contribute to the required increase in the overall lifting capacity.

Further development advantages and preferred improvements to the basic solution are indicated in the remaining dependent claims and are described in more detail in the examples below with reference to the drawings.

From the drawings described below, the following can be seen:

Fig. 1 is a side view of the crane in accordance with the associated running unit in a perspective three-dimensional image with a spatial separation of parts;

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a design sample for docking and locking elements;

Fig. 3 - a sample of execution with a crane moving on a fixed basis;

Fig. 4 - variant to figure 3;

Fig. 5 - a sample of execution with a crane moved on rails;

Fig. 6 - variant to figure 5;

Fig. 7 - a sample of execution with a caterpillar running gear;

Fig. 8 - combination with several cranes joined together.

Based on FIG. 1, the configuration shows an upper crane module 1, to which the lower running units 2, indicated here only schematically, are attached. 5a, which holds a rotary and folding, telescopically retractable boom 7. As a counterweight for the boom 7, a ballast system 6 located on the support bracket 5 with the possibility of removal can be provided. can also be extended telescopically; they are equipped at their free ends with support posts 9 which are hydraulically retractable or formed by hydraulic cylinders.

Running units 2, of which in FIG. 1, only one is schematically indicated, provided as interchangeable units, selectable and adaptable depending on the purpose of use. For this purpose, the faucet according to the invention is equipped according to the example of FIG. 3 with docking elements 10 of the crane coupled with the frame 3, with which the running units 2, equipped as interchangeable units, equipped with suitable locking elements 11, are docked with a tip-over and swing-resistant connection. In the example of execution according to FIG. 1 docking elements 10 are located on opposite longitudinal sides of the frame 3, and here on each side there are two docking elements 10 offset from each other in the longitudinal direction. Additionally or alternatively in the region of the front and rear sides located transversely to the longitudinal sides frame 3 can be provided with appropriate docking elements. The lower side of the frame 3 can also be provided with appropriate docking elements.

To carry out the docking process, indicated by the double arrow in FIG. 1, the dockable running units 2 are moved by means of the boom 7, as indicated by the lifting device included here. In this case, the crane module 1, that is, the system carrying the boom 7 without running gear, can be in an elevated state on the support posts 9 of the support beams 8.

In the simple design shown in figure 2, the docking elements 10 and locking elements 11 consist of respective flanged pairs with flanges 10a, b and flanges 11a, b, which are located vertically and directed away from the respective bearing element. In this case, the flange pair 11a, b forming one locking element 11 is located so that it passes along the flanks of the flange pair 10a, b forming the corresponding docking element 10 from the outside or inside, in the example shown outside, and here only a relatively small play can be provided to ensure possible backlash-free docking. The flange pair of the docking element 10, in the example shown these are the flanges 10a, b, has a coaxial groove 13, which is open in the direction opposite to the direction of engagement, passing here from top to bottom, that is, from above. Another flange pair of the corresponding locking element 11, here it is the flange 11a, b, has a transverse bolt 14, which is engaged with the groove 13. adjacent flanges. To do this, the flanges 10a, b and 11a, b located on the flanks of each other have a coaxial drilled transverse hole 16.

Instead of the presented embodiment, it is possible to completely replace one of the flange pairs with a block, along the flags of which another flange pair will pass. So, for example, instead of the flanges 10a, b forming the docking element 10, a block located in the middle, including the groove 13 and the transverse drilled hole 16, can be provided, along the flanks of which the flanges 11a, b, including the transverse bolt 13, will pass from the outside. which, instead of the flanges 11a, b, is provided in the middle of the block, along the flanks of which the flanges 10a, b extend from the outside, and which, instead of the transverse bolt 14, has protruding pins that can be inserted into the groove 13 of the flanges 10a, b. With regard to the transverse drilled hole, everything remains the same.

In the embodiments shown in Fig. 3-8, the crane module 1 without a running gear is equipped with another additional loading platform 17, on which the frame 3 is mounted, and the docking elements 10 are connected here with the loading platform 17. In this case, the loading platform 17 can be equipped with at least two opposite sides, preferably on four sides around its periphery and/or also at the bottom by docking elements 10. This ensures that the docking elements 10 are arranged without being tied to the configuration of the frame 3, i.e. more freedom in terms of arrangement. In addition, the docking elements 10 are in this case under the lateral exposed support beams 8, as a result they can pass them without collision. Here, the frame 3 may not have docking elements or also include additional docking elements 10.

In the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 3 to move on a fixed basis, such as the floor of the workshop or a reinforced surface on the territory of the plant, the corresponding running units 2 are used. They are made here as docking on the front and rear side of the loading platform 17 running elements 18, including a running frame 19 containing associated with crane docking elements 10 locking elements 11 and at least two paired rollers 20, and at least one such running element is required in front and behind. In order to increase the length of the runners thus formed, several runners of this kind or longer runners can be provided. In the example shown, running elements 18 arranged one behind the other are provided, which in turn are connected to each other, which gives two pairs of rollers 20 at the back and front and a corresponding load distribution, and also increases the load capacity. The docking device for docking running elements 18 arranged one behind the other can correspond in execution to the device for docking running units with crane docking elements, that is, for example, the embodiment in accordance with FIG. 2. However, it has already been mentioned that it is possible to provide longer running elements with several pairs of rollers. The number of running elements provided one after another or their length is preferably determined in such a way that the formed running unit has free access to the end remote from the docking point on the side of the crane, for example, so that it protrudes beyond the support posts 8 raised in the starting state. readiness, which will ensure unhindered contact with the tractor and/or pusher. Preferably, an associated coupling device can be installed.

With the help of rollers 20, the entire crane can be moved and precisely positioned at the place of operation. The rollers for such movement can be single rollers without tires or with single tires. It is also possible to provide rollers suitable for traveling on roads. Here we can talk about rollers equipped with appropriate heavy-duty tires. In any case, the attached running elements 18, provided with rollers 20, 20a, provide the necessary mobility on a fixed base.

FIG. 4 shows a road-travelable variant of FIG. as heavy duty tyres. The variant for road travel, which is the basis of the type of execution in figure 4, is preferably connected to a tractor and equipped with a suitable towing device for this. This towing saddle 26 can be attached to the front running element 18, or preferably be docked with it, which implies that appropriate docking and locking means are provided. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the front running element 18 is provided with a protruding towing vehicle 26, which is engaged with a tractor not shown here to form a truck combination.

The running frames 19 of the running elements 18 provided for forming the front and rear running units preferably include a loading surface 27 on which goods are loaded. This applies primarily to the running elements 18 extending beyond the ends of the supports 8. In figure 4, 4 running elements 18 that are joined to each other are provided to form the rear running unit. Accordingly, this running unit has a large length, provided here by two running elements 18, extending beyond the ends of adjacent support posts 8. The cargo surface 27 of the last two running elements is well accessible and can be freely used to receive goods. In the example shown, the ballast system 6, removed from the support bracket 5, is located here, so that the transport is carried out separately from the crane module 1.

In the above-described embodiments of FIG. 3 and 4, only the front and rear crane docking elements 10 are involved. The side docking elements 10 are free here. However, it is possible, in addition or alternatively, to provide abutting running elements on the longitudinal sides. It is also possible to provide running elements 18, docked on the underside of the loading platform 17.

The cargo crane according to Fig. 5 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 3 and 4 in that it is designed as a rail vehicle. To do this, the running elements 18b, which are joined on the front and rear sides of the loading platform 17, are provided with rail running rollers 21 having circular flanges. In this case, each running element 18b has four rail running rollers 21, which are arranged in pairs one after the other. At the same time, both pairs of rollers are mounted on a common rack 22, on which the running frame 19 is based, which carries the locking elements 11 associated with the docking elements 10. to the next car of the train, which is indicated by the buffer.

The embodiment according to Fig. 6 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 4 by the fact that long running elements 18c are provided, with which two racks 22 are associated, as a result of which each running element finds eight paired rail running rollers 21. It is possible that all, or at least part of the provided rail running The rollers 21 are equipped with an associated driving device, resulting in a self-propelled system that can be attached to a train or drive independently.

Of course, it is also possible that, instead of one long running element 18c, several shorter running elements docked with each other, and the rail track rollers 21 driven by the drive can be associated with a special running element 18c, which increases the possibility of versatile use. In addition, it is also possible in the embodiment according to FIG. 3 to make running rollers 20 of at least one running element 18 as drive rollers.

The embodiment of figure 7 is equipped to move on a loose basis. For this docked with the crane module 1 running units 2 are made as elements 23 of the caterpillar running gear. In the example shown, they are joined on the longitudinal sides of the loading platform 17, which ensures the direction of movement in the longitudinal direction. As an alternative, the crawler elements 23 can also be joined at the front and rear sides of the loading platform 17, which will provide a direction of movement in the transverse direction. The cargo platform 17, as seen from FIG. 6 is provided both in the area of its longitudinal and in the area of its transverse sides with docking elements 10. Of course, the same applies to the above examples. In each case, there are at least two parallel rows of docking elements 10. FIG. 7, two side rows are indicated and a row of docking elements 10 running across them. To increase the gauge, the docking elements 10 of at least one row can be extended in the direction of the docking running unit, as indicated in FIG. 6 by means of side docking elements 10. Of course, the same applies to the above examples.

The embodiment according to Fig. 8 is based on a combination of cranes with several cranes interacting with each other. In the example shown, four cranes are combined in a combination of four units, and there are two rows with two cranes located one behind the other, which can be connected to each other by the ends of their running units connected to the loading platform 17, here in the form of running elements 18, preferably also connect with each other in the manner described above. Both rows of valves formed in this way are connected to each other by means of a cross member 24, which at its ends is equipped with locking elements corresponding to the locking elements 11 of the running units, which ensures docking with free docking elements 10 of parallel valves that are opposite to each other, which ensures reliable mutual fixation. In the example shown, only two crossbars 24 are provided. However, multiple crossbars may be used. Also, the cranes located one behind the other can be docked with each other using appropriate jibs, if you need to provide a greater distance.

Claims (13)

1. Crane, in particular a heavy-duty crane, which is mobile due to an appropriate undercarriage, containing a crane module (1) without a undercarriage with a frame (3) on which a retractable boom (7) is telescopically fixed, and with support beams located on the sides (8) equipped with support posts (9) at their ends, wherein the crane module (1) is equipped with docking elements (10) with which it is connected to the undercarriage equipped with suitable locking elements (11) that ensure stability, characterized in that the docking elements elements (10) are located on the longitudinal and transverse sides of the crane module (1), while they are made with the possibility of docking with interchangeable running units (2), selectively used and adapted to a specific purpose of use, while running units (2) are equipped with suitable locking elements and are made movable by means of the boom (7) relative to the crane module (1) raised on its support posts (9). 2. Crane according to claim. 1, characterized in that the docking elements (10) are located on the frame (3). 3. Crane according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame (3) is mounted on a loading platform (17), which is equipped with docking elements (10). 4. The crane according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one running element (18), including a running frame, can be connected as running units (2) for moving on a fixed basis on opposite sides, preferably on the front and rear sides (19), containing locking elements (11) coupled with docking elements (10) and at least two paired rollers (20, 20a), preferably equipped with heavy-duty tires. 5. The crane according to claim 4, characterized in that the running units (2) formed by the running elements (18) are at least partially equipped with an upper cargo surface (27) and have a length that provides at least partial free access from above to accommodate the load. 6. Crane according to claim 4, characterized in that the front running unit (2) is equipped with a coupled with its front running element (18), preferably a dockable coupling device (26). 7. The crane according to claim 1, characterized in that the running units (2) for moving on rails on the front and rear sides of the crane contain at least one running element (18b), which includes a running frame (19) containing conjugated docking elements (10) locking elements (11) and at least two paired rail running rollers (21) equipped with flanges, located on one wheel rack (22), on which the running frame (19) rests. 8. Crane according to claim 7, characterized in that each running element (18b) free at one end contains, in the area of its free end, a towing device (25) for attaching to an adjacent train car. 9. Faucet according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one running element (18, 18b) is provided with drive rollers (20, 20a, 21). 10. Crane according to claim 1, characterized in that as running units (2) for moving on an unreinforced surface, there are two drive elements (23) of the caterpillar running gear located opposite each other, which can optionally be joined on the longitudinal and transverse sides of the crane . 11. Crane according to claim 1, characterized in that the docking elements (10) associated with at least one side of the crane can be extended from the side. 12. A valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting elements (10) are connected along a flange pair with two parallel vertical flanges (10a, b) spaced from the receiving plane, and the locking elements (11) are connected along a flange pair with two parallel , vertical flanges (11a, b), forming a corresponding mating element (10) a flange pair inside or flanges located along the flanks outside, with one flange pair including a groove (13) open in the engagement direction, and the corresponding other flange pair containing a groove (13) entering the groove ( 13) transverse bolt (14), wherein at least two adjacent flanges (10a, 11a; 10b, 11b), preferably all flanges (10a, 11a; 10b, 11b) of both flange pairs, have a coaxial drilled transverse hole (16) for through cross valve (15). 13. A faucet according to claim 1, characterized in that a cross member (24) equipped with appropriate locking elements (11) is joined to the free side docking elements (10), which, with the help of other locking elements (11) provided at its opposite end, is docked with free side docking elements (10) of the next crane.

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