RU2783544C1 - Flying car - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hybrid vehicles.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of hybrid vehicles. Vehicle with flying properties contains an engine, a fuselage with a propeller at the end, rotary wings with turning centers on the fuselage or near it, mechanisms for turning, lowering and raising wings, an automobile gear-wheel transmission from the steering column connected by a transmission to the engine, devices for folding the remote part with the tail unit and its controls for the angle of attack of the wing and turn. The car is equipped with two spherical hinges for turning the wing in two planes on the side walls of the fuselage, a rear wheel transmission and propeller gearbox, with the function of turning and fixing the tail compartment in the front, and the wings in the rear positions.

EFFECT: reduced landing speed and, at the same time, reduced wing span.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

Known cars with flight properties with devices to maintain in the air of the rotary type, for example, the gyroplane Pal-V LIBERTY auth. Mike Stekelenburg et al., The Netherlands, Wikipedia, 07/01/2021 This flightable vehicle includes a fuselage (car interior), flight and ground propulsion engine, large-span folding helicopter blades, and ground and in-flight motion controls for the device. The retractable fuselage rear part and propeller provide small longitudinal dimensions, which has a positive effect on parking the device in the city, however, the large span of the propellers can prevent landing on highways. In addition, all helicopters have poor fuel consumption, which reduces the flight range.

Known for a car with flying properties of a multi-rotor type, shown in patent RU2551300 C1 "Vehicle with flying properties" ed. Enaev A.A. and others, 05/20/2015. This car contains a fuselage (car interior), an electric current generator driven by an engine and electrically connected electric motors of four fans, of which the last two are located one above the other in the rear of the device. The device is compact, as it does not have wings and is well adapted for driving on highways. The disadvantages of this device are the low fuel efficiency of the multi-rotor installation, due to the small diameters of the fan blades. In addition, when parrying disturbances from a roll, difficulties may arise due to the small thrust arms of the front fans.

In the literature, cars with flight properties are known that contain one-piece rotary wings in one or two planes. A device of similar design, listed on Wikipedia as Stefan Klein's Air Car, Slovakia, 1.07.2021, is taken as a prototype of the proposed invention. The device contains a fuselage (car interior), a flight and ground movement engine, rotary wings with turning centers on the fuselage, devices for folding a remote part with a propeller and tail assembly, and controls for the movement of the device on the ground and in flight. A positive quality is the fuel efficiency of the wings of the device in comparison with the rotary mechanisms for balancing the mass of the device and a simpler (reliable) system for controlling the position of the device in flight. The disadvantages of this device are the wings of high elongation, which are the ailerons and flaps. The latter reduce the aerodynamic efficiency of the wings and require strengthening of the fuselage structure of more massive wings with an increased lift arm. In addition, the large wingspan increases the difficulty of landing the device on highways.

The task set before the authors is to reduce the dimensions of the device, the minimum flight speed, simplify the design of the wing control devices and, accordingly, improve its aerodynamics.

The technical effect of the proposed device is to reduce the landing speed and reduce the wing span.

A car with flying properties, characterized in that it is equipped with two spherical hinges of rotation in two planes on the side walls of the fuselage, a rear wheel transmission and propeller gearbox, with the function of turning and fixing the tail section in the forward position, and the wings in the rear position.

The proposed device is shown in Fig.1, 2, 3.

Figure 1 shows a side view of the Car with flying properties.

The car with flying properties contains a fuselage 1, including a car interior 2 and a tail section 3, an engine 4 for flight and movement on the ground with a gearbox housing 5 for automobile and flight movement connected to the engine 4 by a shaft 6. To the side surface of the car interior on spherical hinges type 7, rotary composite wings 8 are fixed, and two rotary arc-shaped rails 9 supporting the fuselage 1 in flight are attached to its upper part. In the tail section of the fuselage 3 there is a tail unit 12, reclining on its hinges 10 together with the propeller body 11, equipped with 13 rudders and 14 pitch rudders located on 15 vertical and 16 horizontal profiles, respectively. The latter is additionally attached in the center of the screw shaft sleeve 11. 51 - levers.

Figure 2 shows a top view of the proposed vehicle with flying properties. This figure shows one of the lower 17 parts of the wing 8 with a cable drum 18 with cables 19 wound on both sides of it, interacting with steel tubes 20 with slots for fastening the lower part 17 to the middle part 21 of the wing 8, located at the ends of these parts of the wing 17. On the top of the fuselage there is a hydraulic cylinder for lifting 22 and holding in a vertical position one of the arched rails 9 supporting one of the upper metal parts 23 of the composite wing 8 in flight. Nearby are shown synchronizing hinges 24,25 for the simultaneous lifting of arc rails by known gear mechanisms 52.

Figure 3 shows a cross-section of the Car with flying properties.

The car with flying properties is equipped with a wing 8 of two identical components, each of which contains three parts - the lower 17 and the upper 23 made of metal or its substitutes, the middle 21 made of soft material. In the section of explosives, sections of the middle and lower parts are presented from top to bottom. In the latter, along the edges, there are two metal tubes 26 with longitudinal cuts and details 27 for fastening the cables 19 to the bottom plate 28 of the middle part 21. In the section of the middle part, the hinges of rotation 29 by 90 ° are presented. her metal frames.

Figure 4 shows the device spherical hinge rotation of the wings.

The spherical hinge device 7 for turning the wings contains an outer spherical body 30 of two halves with flanges 31 fixed on the side surface of the fuselage 1, an inner spherical surface 32 with two mating parts 33 of a splined sleeve 34 and a cylindrical body 35, into which it is inserted through a known electromagnetic clutch 36 housing 37, equipped inside with a hydraulic cylinder 38, the piston 39 of which is connected with a splined sleeve 34 and a return spring 40. Housings 35 and 37 are connected by annular rubber inserts 41, into which bronze plates 42 are pressed. Housing 35 is mounted on a spherical support 43 and interacts with a known hydraulic cylinder through the lower hinge 44. The device is equipped with a lock for rotation of the spherical hinge of the wing relative to its body, which contains

In FIG. 5 shows the node of the docking of the wings along their upper parts.

The wing docking unit along their upper parts includes two well-known locks 45 for rigid connection of these parts and a roll hydraulic cylinder 46, in which the body is connected to one of the upper parts, and the rod 47 connected to the piston to the other. In each upper part there is a well-known pressurization fan 48 of the middle parts with an electric drive at the same time for the well-known oil pumps of the roll hydraulic cylinders 46 and the springs for closing the locks 45 (not shown in the figures). Oil is supplied from tank 49.

A car with flying properties works as follows. In the mode of parking and movement on the ground (figure 1) rear tail together with the propeller column is tilted to the front position, while the wings are tilted back until they stop on the shelves located on the vertical plates of the rudders. The rotation of the engine shaft is transmitted through the gearbox to the rear wheels, and the steering control from the steering column is transmitted to the front wheels. Before the flight mode, the tail unit leans back, the wings turn to a vertical position. At this moment, the device of the spherical hinge for turning the wings is activated and the return spring disengages the splined sleeve from the mating part, and the pilot is given a signal to turn on the hydraulic cylinder, which interacts through the rod with the housing and the electromagnetic clutch. The lowering of the wings begins during several strokes back and forth of the hydraulic cylinder piston. At the same time, the lower end of the middle part of each wing slides along its chord, spinning the wing lift cable drum. At some point in the lowering of the wings, the arc rails engage with the spherical rollers 50 of each upper part of the wing. In the final horizontal position of the wings, each splined sleeve, with the help of its hydraulic cylinder with a piston, moves into engagement with the counterpart of the wing. The air blowers of the middle parts of the wings are turned on and the locks of the upper parts of the wings are disengaged. With the help of a hydraulic cylinder, the cam profile of the cylindrical body is moved and the plate for fixing the angle of rotation of the spherical joint relative to its body is transferred to the working position. Further, each hydraulic cylinder almost without resistance transfers its wing to the calculated angle of attack on the takeoff of the car, which in flight is transferred to the nominal flight position in accordance with the flight speed. In this case, the plate for fixing the angle of rotation of the spherical cylinder remains stationary, since the profile of the cam remains cylindrical. When the roll is eliminated, the angle of attack of the wings changes in opposite directions, the hydraulic cylinders also work, and the profiles of the cams in these areas remain cylindrical, and the plates for fixing the angle of rotation of the spherical cylinder remain motionless. When the roll is eliminated, the working fluid is poured into both hydraulic cylinders through a changeover throttle, which increases the flow of working fluid into one of the cylinders compared to the other, and the angle of attack of the wing (lift) of the first hydraulic cylinder will increase. In this case, the pistons of both hydraulic cylinders can continue to move as before, for example, when the vehicle enters the landing mode. The roll hydraulic cylinder can enter into operation simultaneously with the hydraulic cylinders, increasing the speed of rotation of the wings in the spherical support nodes. Before landing, the hydraulic cylinders shift the angles of attack of the wings to large values using the oncoming air flow to balance the friction forces on the rollers, without deviating the angles of the upper wings relative to the lower ones, ensuring the minimum landing speed of the vehicle. Upon landing, the center cylinder fluid will drain and the return spring will disengage the splined hub, allowing the wings to move to the top position using their cable drums. Arc rails are transferred to a horizontal position. In the final upper position, the working fluid is supplied to the central cylinder and the splined sleeve engages with the counterpart of each wing to lower it.

Thus, in more dangerous flight modes - takeoff and landing, the angles of installation of the upper parts of the wings are well regulated and work in their given values. In other modes, the movement of the rollers in arc rails is ensured by the longitudinal rigidity of the frames of the middle parts of the wings and the air pumped into them. Compared with the prototype, the specified wing design provides significant changes for the better - to reduce the wingspan, increase the take-off (landing) parameters - shortening the runway, and flight efficiency. This follows from the fact that the proposed laminar wing does not contain ailerons and rotary flaps with poor aerodynamic quality. An increase in the total length of the wings with a small wingspan will reduce the landing speed and ensure its wide operation in urban conditions without restrictions from the presence of road transport on the streets.

Claims (5)

1. A car with flying properties, containing an engine, a fuselage with a propeller at the end, rotary wings with turning centers on the fuselage or near it, mechanisms for turning, lowering and raising wings, an automobile gear-wheel transmission from the steering column connected by a transmission to the engine, devices folding the remote part with the tail unit and its controls for the angle of attack of the wing and turning, characterized in that it is equipped with two spherical hinges for turning in two planes on the side walls of the fuselage, a gearbox for the rear wheel transmission and propeller, with the function of turning and securing the tail compartment in the front, and the wings in the rear positions. 2. A car with flying properties according to claim 1, characterized in that each rotary wing consists of three parts - a central one, intermediate ones made of semi-soft material and a lower end part of lamellar rubber, to which frames made of metal are hinged with a range of deviations of about 90 ° alloy, to which a dense fabric is attached on top along the perimeter, in the lower sections along the perimeter it is additionally fastened with the edges of lamellar rubber, in the upper part the intermediate part of the wing along the perimeter is attached to the central part, and in the lower part with the help of two cables and two tubes on both sides the lower end of the wing to an electrically driven drum located inside the wing. 3. A car with flying properties according to claim 1, characterized in that each spherical joint contains a movable splined sleeve interacting separately with two splined sleeves of the spherical joint, the movable splined sleeve is located inside the shutter and is connected to the last splines, and is mechanically connected to the piston a hydraulic cylinder with a return spring, which, in turn, is connected through an electromagnetic clutch to the drive hydraulic cylinder through the valve body and the pivot of its rotation through a certain angle. 4. A car with flight properties according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part of the fuselage is provided with arcs of communication with the central parts through the wing rollers, respectively, relative to the longitudinal axis of the car, each arc at the ends is equipped with levers rotating around horizontal hinges on their bushings or together with these hinge axes with synchronization of rotation of the levers using gear mechanisms, one of the arcs interacts with the hydraulic cylinder for turning and fixing one of the levers of the arcs. 5. A car with flight properties according to claim 1, characterized in that at the boundaries of the central parts of the wings there is a hydraulic cylinder for additional provision of the roll function in flight, while the body of the hydraulic cylinder is pivotally connected to one of the central parts of the wings, and the hydraulic cylinder rod is pivotally connected to the other central part of the wings, in each central part of the wing there is a fan with a drive and two locks for the mutual engagement of these parts.

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