RU2781655C1 - Automatic small arms and cartridge for it - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weaponry.

SUBSTANCE: automatic small arms consists of a barrel 1 with a receiver 2, a bolt frame 3, a reloading handle 8, a bolt 6, a return mechanism, a trigger frame 61 and a magazine 9. In the proposed solution, the barrel 1 has an end with a bullet inlet 12. Chamber 4 is installed on the barrel 1. On the receiver, the inner surface of which has a conical shape, two diametrically located windows are made: a window 18 for the cartridge 10 inlet during loading and a window 19 for the passage of the ejected cartridge case 14. The bolt frame 3 is made in the form of a flywheel. The shutter 6 has a conical shape. The return mechanism is made in the form of a flat spring 7. The gas chamber 4 has openings for the inlet 48 and outlet 49 of powder gases and a gas piston 5 is installed in it, consisting of a piston 50, an axis 40 and a protrusion 39 for connection with the tooth 38 of the bolt frame 3. The shutter has a conical protrusion 52 with a cutout 53 for the cartridge 10 when loading. The cartridge for automatic small arms consists of a cartridge case 14, a bullet 13, a powder charge 68, and a primer 69. In the suggested decision the cartridge case is made in the form of a cone frustum, its cross section features two equally spaced arcs and two equal chords placed between the arcs.

EFFECT: increasing the accuracy and rate of fire of weapons.

4 cl, 19 dwg

Description

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to weapons and ammunition, namely to a device for automatic small arms and a cartridge for it, and can be used in firearms.

Known automatic small arms - Kalashnikov assault rifle AK-74M ["Manual on shooting" https://nsd-nastavlenie.ru/ak74/], consisting of a barrel with a receiver, a sighting device and a butt, a receiver cover, a bolt carrier with gas piston, bolt, return mechanism, gas tube with a barrel nozzle, firing mechanism and magazine.

Known automatic small arms, taken as a prototype, -

7.62-mm Degtyarev light machine gun ["Instructions on shooting" https://nastavleniya.ru/DCHK/dchk15.html], consisting of a barrel with a receiver, a bolt carrier, a reloading handle, a bolt, a return mechanism, a trigger frame , trigger and magazine. To lock the bore, move the bolt forward and turn the bolt handle to the right. When the bolt moves forward, the lugs move along the screw cutouts of the receiver. When the bolt is turned to the right, the lugs slide along the screw cutouts of the receiver, which causes the shutter to move forward and to the right at the same time. In this case, the lugs of the bolt finally go beyond the reference planes, and the barrel bore is finally locked.

The following combination of the prototype coincides with the essential features of the invention in terms of weapons: a barrel with a receiver, a bolt carrier, a reloading handle, a bolt, a return mechanism, a trigger frame and a magazine.

A 7.62-mm live cartridge is known for the Degtyarev light machine gun [“Chapter III. Purpose, arrangement of machine gun parts and mechanisms, accessories and cartridges ”https://arsenal-info.ru/b/book/3213146621/4] consists of a bullet, cartridge case, powder charge and primer. The sleeve has a cylindrical shape and consists of a body, a muzzle and a bottom.

With the essential features of the invention in terms of the cartridge coincides with the following combination of the prototype: a bullet, a cartridge case, a powder charge and a primer.

The disadvantages of the known solutions is that the large stroke of the bolt carrier with the bolt relative to the receiver, determined by the length of the cartridge, limits the rate of fire of the weapon. With an increase in the length of the cartridge, the force of friction of the sleeve against the walls of the chamber increases, which makes it difficult to extract it. To reciprocate the bolt frame with the bolt during firing, a large receiver is required, which requires additional metal consumption and an increase in the length of the weapon, as well as the fact that a large mass of moving parts of the automation (bolt assembly) leads to an increase in the total mass of the weapon . Significant power characteristics of the bolt spring, which transmits forces during the movement of the bolt frame to the receiver, cause a large recoil force of the weapon and worsen the accuracy of fire. Dynamic loads that do not coincide with the longitudinal axis of the barrel lead to a deterioration in accuracy. The removal of the barrel from the direction of aiming occurs due to the misalignment of the force vector (both during recoil and during the reverse movement of the bolt and closing the bolt) and the center of inertia of the weapon.

The invention is aimed at increasing the accuracy of fire and increasing the rate of fire of weapons.

This is achieved by the fact that automatic small arms consist of a barrel with a receiver, a bolt carrier, a reloading handle, a bolt, a return mechanism, a trigger frame and a magazine. In the proposed solution, the barrel has an end with a bullet entry. A gas chamber is installed on the barrel. On the receiver, the inner surface of which has a conical shape, two diametrically located windows are made: a window for entering the cartridge during loading and a window for passing the ejected cartridge case. The shutter frame is made in the form of a flywheel. The shutter has a conical shape. The return mechanism is made in the form of a flat spring.

The gas chamber may have openings for the entry and exit of powder gases and a gas piston is installed in it, consisting of a piston, an axis and a protrusion for connection with a tooth of the bolt frame.

The shutter may have a conical protrusion with a cutout for the cartridge when loading.

A cartridge for automatic small arms consists of a cartridge case, a bullet, a powder charge and a primer. In the proposed solution, the sleeve is made in the form of a truncated cone, and its cross section is represented by two arcs evenly spaced apart from each other, and two equal chords inserted between the arcs.

The bolt has lugs for sliding along the screw cutouts. A limiter is installed on the receiver to ensure consistent flow of cartridges into the bolt during loading, consisting of a shaft installed in the hole of the receiver, on which the bolt frame locking lever is fixed, a rocker arm with a locking shoulder for the cartridge and a trigger arm for removing the bolt frame from fixing and spring plunger. An ejector is installed on the receiver for ejecting spent cartridges, consisting of a shaft installed in the hole of the receiver, on which a linkage lever with the bolt frame, a system of levers and an ejector arm with a spring are fixed. The bolt frame is made in the form of a flywheel and has longitudinal protrusions for engagement with the longitudinal protrusions of the bolt. The stop limits the rotation of the bolt carrier relative to the receiver of the order of 90 °. The tooth engages with the protrusion of the axis of the gas piston. The gas chamber has a spring, holes for the entry and exit of powder gases. A gas piston is installed in the gas chamber, consisting of a piston, an axis of the gas piston and a protrusion for connection with the tooth of the bolt frame. The shutter has longitudinal protrusions for engagement with the longitudinal protrusions of the bolt frame and a conical protrusion with a cutout into which the cartridge is placed during loading, and transverse guide protrusions are made inside the conical protrusion for moving the cartridge. The shutter has a striker, on which a washer with curvilinear protrusions is fixed to ensure the exit of the firing pin from the cavity of the cutout of the shutter at the moment of loading. The shutter has curvilinear protrusions that slide along the curvilinear protrusions of the washer during loading, ensuring that the firing pin exits the cavity of the shutter cutout at the time of loading. In addition, such a shutter has a small linear movement, acting solely due to rotation around its axis, which reduces the dimensions of the receiver. When the bolt carrier is turned to the right, the lugs slide along the screw cutouts of the receiver, which causes the shutter to simultaneously move back and to the right. Moving back and to the right, the shutter, together with the curvilinear protrusions of the washer, compresses the mainspring. The return mechanism consists of a flat spring. The trigger frame has a self-timer lever, a self-timer sear, a trigger, a sear, and a recess for the reloading handle. The reloading handle is mounted for rotation around the receiver and has a leaf spring and a ledge for rotating the bolt carrier. The store has a spring.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a section of an automatic small arms (the cartridge is not cut), figure 2 - section A-A in figure 1, figure 3 - section of the cartridge, figure 4 - section Z-Z figure 3, figure 5 - view of the cartridge from the side of the bullet (to show the ratio of the sides of the sleeve), figure 6 - section G-D in figure 1 (limiter and ejector), figure 7 - section B-B on Fig.1 (gas chamber and gas piston), Fig.8 - gas chamber spring, Fig.9 - section B-B in Fig.1 (shutter in the closed state), Fig.10 - kinematic connection between the shutter and the bolt frame when using the longitudinal projections, Fig.11 - shutter (transverse guide projections), Fig.12 - section I-I in Fig.11 (shutter to show the transverse guide projections), Fig.13 - section D-D in Fig.1 (kinematic connection of the axis of the gas piston with the bolt frame, elements of the limiter and ejector, bolt lugs), Fig.14 - a three-dimensional drawing of a curved washer on a scale of 3: 1, fixed on the arnica (similarly, in mirror image, reciprocal curvilinear protrusions made on the shutter look), Fig.15 - curved washer, Fig.16 - section E-E in Fig.1 (limiter and ejector (the dashed line shows the invisible contours of screw cutouts with lugs of the receiver for the lugs of the bolt)), Fig.17 - return spring, Fig.18 - section W-F in Fig.1 (scheme of rotation of the bolt carrier relative to the receiver), Fig.19 - diagram of the limiter at the time of start ejection of the spent cartridge case and feeding the next cartridge into the bolt (ejector not shown).

Automatic small arms has a barrel 1 with a receiver 2, a bolt carrier 3, a gas chamber 4, a gas piston 5, a bolt 6, a return mechanism made in the form of a flat spring 7, a reloading handle 8, a magazine 9 and a cartridge 10.

The barrel 1 has a grooved channel 11, an end with a bullet inlet 12 for the head of the bullet 13 and a cartridge case mouth 14.

The receiver 2, the inner surface of which is made conical for the shutter 6, has:

- screw cutouts 15 with lugs 16 for lugs 17 of the shutter 6;

- two diametrically located windows: a window 18 for the entrance of the cartridge 10 during loading, a window 19 for the passage of the ejected cartridge case 14;

- limiter 20, to ensure the consistent flow of cartridges 10 into the shutter 6 during loading, consisting of a shaft 21 installed in the hole 22 of the receiver 2, on which the lever 23 of fixing the bolt frame 3 is fixed, the rocker arm with the locking shoulder 24 for the cartridge 10 and the trigger shoulder 25 for removal from the fixation of the bolt frame 3 and the pusher 26 of the spring 27;

- ejector 28, for ejection of spent cartridges 14, consisting of a shaft 29 installed in the hole 30 of the receiver 2, on which the lever 31 of connection with the bolt frame 3, the lever system and the ejector arm 32 with the spring 33 are fixed.

Bolt frame 3, made in the form of a flywheel, rotates around the receiver and has:

- pin 34 for return spring 7;

- longitudinal projections 35 for engagement with the longitudinal projections 36 of the shutter 6;

- stop 37, which limits the rotation (of the order of 90°) of the bolt carrier 3 relative to the receiver 2;

- tooth 38 for engagement with the protrusion 39 of the axis of the gas piston 40;

- cutout 41 for the protrusion 42 of the reloading handle 8;

- self-timer protrusion 43 for turning the self-timer sear 44;

- cutout 45 for the lever 23 of the limiter 20 of the receiver 2 for fixing the bolt carrier 3 at the time of loading;

- cutout 46 for the lever 31 of connection with the bolt frame 3 to drive the ejector 28.

The gas chamber 4 has a spring 47, holes for inlet 48 and outlet 49 of powder gases. A gas piston 5 is installed in the gas chamber.

Gas piston 5 consists of piston 50, pin 51 for spring 47, axle 40 and protrusion 39 for connection with tooth 38 of bolt frame 3.

The shutter 6 has a conical shape:

- a conical protrusion 52 (Fig. 10) with a cutout 53 for the cartridge 10 during loading, and inside the conical protrusion 52 there are transverse guide protrusions 54 for the cartridge 10;

- longitudinal ledges 36, on which the lugs 17 are made for sliding along the screw cutouts 15 of the receiver 2 and locking the bolt 6;

- channel for striker 55 with striker, mainspring 56, cocking 57, self-timer cocking 58 and curvilinear washer 59 fixed on striker 55 to ensure exit of striker striker 55 from recess cavity 53 of bolt 6 at the time of loading;

- reciprocal curved ledges 60, which slide on the curved ledges of the washer 59 during loading.

The return mechanism is made in the form of a return flat spring 7.

Trigger frame 61 has:

- self-timer lever 62, self-timer sear 44;

- trigger 63 and sear 64;

- notch 65 for the reloading handle 8.

The reloading handle 8 is mounted for rotation around the receiver 2 and has:

- leaf spring 66 and protrusion 42 for turning the bolt carrier 3.

Shop 9 has a spring 67.

Cartridge 10 (Fig. 3-5) has:

- a sleeve 14 made in the form of a truncated cone, so that in cross section it represents two arcs evenly spaced apart from each other, and two equal chords inserted between the arcs, and the central angles α, contracting the chords, are greater than the central angles β, contracting the arcs;

- powder charge 68;

- capsule 69;

- bullet 13 cylindrical.

On the flat surfaces of the sleeve 14, transverse guide grooves 70 are made, which, when loaded, move along the protrusions 54 of the shutter 6, ensuring the parallelism of the longitudinal axes of the cartridge 10 and the barrel 1. The bullet 13 is cylindrical in shape along the head part is recessed in the powder charge 67 and fixed in the muzzle of the sleeve 14.

OPERATION OF AUTOMATIC SMALL ARMS

a) STARTING POSITION

The bolt frame 3 with the bolt 6 under the action of the return spring 7, mounted on the pin 34, is in the extreme left position (clockwise movement around the longitudinal axis, if you look in the firing direction, is considered right, and counterclockwise movement is left). The shutter 6 and the drummer 55 are in the extreme forward position. The lugs 17 of the bolt 6 are located in the screw cutouts 15 on the lugs 16 of the receiver 2. The windows 18 and 19 of the receiver 2 are closed by the bolt 6. The lever 23 of the receiver 2 set the trigger arm 25 down to remove the bolt carrier 3 from the fixation, and the lock shoulder 24- up ready to fix the cartridge 10 in the shutter 6 when loading. Under the action of the lever 31 of the receiver 2, the arm of the ejector 32 is in the ejection position of the sleeve 14. The return spring 7 and the spring 47 of the gas chamber 4 have the least compression. The self-timer protrusion 43 of the bolt carrier 3 led the self-timer sear 44 out of the self-timer cocking 58 . The trigger 63 is lowered and brought the sear 64 out of the cocking 57. The drummer 55 rests against the bolt 6, the protrusions 60 of which are in the hollows of the curved washer 59 of the drummer 55. The mainspring 56 is in the least compression. The reloading handle 8 is in the leftmost position. Magazine 9 is equipped with cartridges 10 and connected to the receiver 2, while the first cartridge 10 is pressed through the inlet window 18 of the receiver 2 to the conical protrusion 52 of the bolt 6 by means of the spring 67.

b) CHARGING

To load the weapon, it is necessary, by compressing the spring 66, to move the reload handle 8 forward, while the protrusion 42 enters the cutout 41 of the bolt frame 3 and connects the reload handle 8 to the bolt frame 3. When you turn the reload handle 8 in the recess 65 of the trigger frame to the right, the bolt frame 3 presses self-timer protrusion 43 for turning the self-timer sear 44, making it possible to set the drummer 55 on the self-timer cocking 58. When the bolt frame 3 is turned to the right, the lugs 17 slide along the screw cutouts 15 of the receiver 2, which causes the shutter to advance simultaneously back and to the right. At the same time, the bolt 6 with its longitudinal projections 36 moves along the longitudinal projections 35 of the bolt frame 3. So that the firing pin 55 does not interfere with the passage of the cartridge 10 into the cavity of the cutout 53 of the bolt 6 at the time of loading, the bolt 6, moving backward, slides with its projections 60 along the curved projections of the washer 59 , thereby ensuring the exit of the firing pin 55 from the cavity of the cutout 53 of the bolt 6. Moving back, the bolt 6 compresses the mainspring 56 until the drummer 55 is on the cocking 57 and cocking the self-timer 58. Holding the trigger shoulder 25 of the limiter 20 with your finger , turn the bolt carrier 3 with the help of the reload handle 8 to the right until it stops 37 in the trigger frame 61. In this case, the bolt 6 fully opens the windows 18 and 19 of the receiver 2 and the cartridge 10 with guide grooves 70 from the magazine 9 under the action of the spring 67 is fed along the guide ledges 54 into the cutout 53 of the conical protrusion 52 of the shutter 6 until it stops against the stop arm 24 of the limiter 20. The return spring 7 is fully harvest. We release the bolt carrier 3, for this we withdraw the protrusion 42 of the reloading handle 8 with the leaf spring 66 from the cutout 41 of the bolt carrier 3. In this case, the bolt carrier 3 begins to turn to the left under the action of the return spring 7. When the bolt frame 3 is turned to the left, the lugs 17 of the bolt 6 slide in the screw cutouts 15 of the receiver 2, and at the same time the bolt 6 with the cartridge 10 moves forward with its longitudinal projections 36 along the longitudinal projections 35 of the bolt frame 3, while the head of the bullet 13 together with the muzzle the sleeve 14 enters the bullet inlet 12 of the channel 11 of the barrel 1. At the end of the turn of the bolt frame 3 to the left, the lugs 17 of the bolt 6 go along the screw cutouts 15 to the lugs 16 of the receiver 2. The surfaces of the conical protrusion 52 of the bolt 6 are pressed tightly against the conical surface of the receiver 2 . The ends of the conical protrusion 52 of the shutter 6 are tightly pressed against the cut of the barrel 1. The shutter 6 with its conical protrusion 52 tightly closes the windows 18 and 19 of the receiver 2. Thus, the cartridge 10 is reliably isolated from the environment. The lugs 17 of the bolt 6 are located in the screw cutouts 15 on the lugs 16 of the receiver 2. The bolt carrier 3, with the self-timer 43 ledge using the self-timer sear 44, removes the drummer 55 from the self-timer cocking 58. The weapon is ready for firing.

c) AUTOMATIC SHOOTING

To carry out automatic firing, it is necessary to press the trigger 63, mounted on the trigger frame 61, which disengages the sear 64 from engagement with the combat platoon 57 of the drummer 55. The drummer 55, under the action of the mainspring 56, vigorously strikes the primer 69 with the striker and breaks it. The flame of the capsule 69 ignites the powder charge 68. The bullet 13 under the action of compressed powder gases enters the channel 11 of the barrel 1 and moves along it. As soon as the bullet 13 passes the hole 48 for the entry of gases, part of them enters the gas chamber 4 and presses on the piston 50, which, turning the axis 40 of the gas piston 5 to the right and, compressing the spring 47 mounted on the pin 51, strikes the protrusion 39 on the tooth 38 of the shutter frame 3, throwing it to the right around the longitudinal axis of the barrel 1. After the gases from the gas chamber 4 exit through the outlet 49, the gas piston 50 will return to its original position due to the energy of the compressed spring 47. Turning to the right, the bolt carrier 3 retracts its protrusion of the self-timer 43 from the self-timer lever 62 and the self-timer sear 44, making it possible to set the firing pin 55 on the self-timer cocking 58. When the bolt carrier 3 is further rotated to the right, the lugs 17 of the bolt 6 slide in the screw cutouts 15 of the receiver 2, and at the same time, the bolt 6 with its longitudinal projections 36 moves along the longitudinal projections 35 of the bolt frame 3. So that the striker head 55 does not interfere with the passage of the cartridge 10 into the cavity of the cutout 53 of the bolt 6 at the time of loading, the bolt 6, moving backward, with its projections 60 slides along the curved protrusions of the washer 59, thereby ensuring the exit of the striker head 55 from the cavity of the cutout 53 of the shutter 6 . Moving backward, the bolt 6 compresses the mainspring 56 until the firing pin 55 is on the cocking 57 and cocking the self-timer 58. the pusher 26 of the spring 27 enters the cutout 45 of the bolt carrier 3 . Return spring 7 mounted on pin 34 is fully charged. The lever 23 during the entry into the cutout 45 turns the shaft 21 in the hole 22 of the receiver 2 to the left, which raises the trigger shoulder 25 and lowers the locking shoulder 24 of the limiter 20. The shutter 6 fully opens the windows 18 and 19 of the receiver 2 and the cartridge 10, with guide grooves 70, from the store 9 under the action of the spring 67 is fed along the guides 54 into the cutout 53 of the conical protrusion 52 of the shutter 6, pushing out the spent cartridge case 14. The ejected sleeve 14, pressing the trigger arm 25, turns the shaft 21 to the right, raising the locking arm 24, which fixes cartridge 10 in the gate 6, and removes the locking lever 23 from the cutout 45, releasing the bolt carrier 3, which, under the action of the cocked return spring 7, begins to turn to the left. When the bolt frame 3 is rotated, the lugs 17 of the bolt 6 slide in the screw cutouts 15 of the receiver 2, and at the same time the bolt 6 with the cartridge 10 with its longitudinal projections 36 moves forward along the longitudinal projections 35 of the bolt frame 3, while the head of the bullet 13 together with the muzzle of the cartridge case 14 enters the pool entrance 12 of the channel 11 of the trunk 1.

Ejector 28 works as follows. As soon as the bolt carrier 3 at the end of the turn to the left presses the end of the cutout 46 on the lever 31, it turns the shaft 29 installed in the hole 30 of the receiver 2 to the left. Shaft 29 through a system of levers with a spring 33 shoulder 32 hits the sleeve 14, ejecting it. The surfaces of the conical protrusion 52 of the shutter 6 are tightly pressed against the conical surface of the receiver 2. The ends of the conical protrusion 52 of the shutter 6 are tightly pressed against the cut of the barrel 1. The shutter 6 with its conical protrusion 52 tightly closes the windows 18 and 19 of the receiver 2. Thus, the cartridge 10 is reliably isolated from the environment. The lugs 17 of the shutter 6 are located in the screw cutouts 15 on the lugs 16 of the receiver 2. The bolt carrier 3 with the self-timer ledge 43 through the self-timer lever 62 with the help of the self-timer sear 44, removes the drummer 55 from the self-timer cocking 58. The drummer 55 under the action of the mainspring 56 Vigorously strikes the primer 69 and breaks it. There is a shot. The work of parts and mechanisms of automatic small arms is repeated. The reload handle 8 remains stationary during automatic firing. Automatic firing will continue as long as the trigger 63 is pressed and there are cartridges 10 in the magazine 9. To stop firing, the trigger 63 must be released. ready for further automatic firing.

Thus, the proposed automatic small arms provides an increase in the accuracy of fire by eliminating the momentum from the recoil of the moving parts of the weapon and bringing dynamic loads to forces coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the barrel, increasing the rate of fire by replacing the reciprocating movement of the bolt frame with the bolt and the gas piston during firing on rotational movement around an axis parallel to the axis of the barrel and by reducing the length of the cartridge. In addition, the invention provides a reduction in the size and weight of small arms, as well as saving metal in its manufacture.

Claims (4)

1. Automatic small arms, consisting of a barrel with a receiver, a bolt carrier, a reloading handle, a bolt, a return mechanism, a trigger frame and a magazine, characterized in that the barrel has an end with a bullet entry, a gas chamber is installed on the barrel, on the receiver, the inner surface of which has a conical shape, two diametrically located windows are made: a window for entering the cartridge during loading and a window for the passage of the ejected cartridge case, the bolt frame is made in the form of a flywheel, the bolt has a conical shape, and the return mechanism is made in the form of a flat spring. 2. Automatic small arms according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas chamber has openings for the entry and exit of powder gases and a gas piston is installed in it, consisting of a piston, an axis and a protrusion for connection with a tooth of the bolt frame. 3. Automatic small arms according to claim 1, characterized in that the shutter has a conical protrusion with a cutout for the cartridge when loading. 4. A cartridge for automatic small arms according to claim 1, consisting of a cartridge case, a bullet, a powder charge and a primer, characterized in that the cartridge case is made in the form of a truncated cone, and its cross section is represented by two arcs evenly spaced apart from each other, and two equal chords inserted between arcs.

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