RU2777195C2 - Additive for fuel composition, improving operational characteristics, and its application method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a fuel composition for diesel engines. An additive composition for fuel is proposed, consisting of a combination or a mixture of: (i) acid amide; and (ii) amine derivative treated with oxide, wherein acid amide consists of a product of reaction of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIBSA) and tetraethylene pentaamine (TEPA); wherein the amine derivative treated with oxide consists of a product of reaction of oxide and amine; wherein amine consists of triisopropanolamine (TIPA); wherein oxide consists of propylene oxide (PO); wherein the amine derivative treated with oxide consists of triisopropanolamine derivative treated with propylene oxide (PO-TIPA). The use of an additive composition, a method for the improvement of operational characteristics of an engine or fuel, and a fuel composition are also disclosed.

EFFECT: obtaining an additive composition for a fuel composition, using which power loss of a modern diesel engine is reduced.

10 cl, 1 tbl

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a performance enhancing additive for a fuel composition, to a fuel composition containing a performance enhancing additive, and to a method of using the same.

TECHNICAL FIELD AND NEED FOR THE INVENTION

Modern injection diesel engines are becoming more energy efficient.

Thus, the industry is seeking an additive that can improve fuel performance, in particular to reduce power loss in the case of a diesel engine application.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a performance enhancing additive for a fuel composition, a fuel composition containing a performance enhancing additive, and a method of using the same.

Problem solved by the present invention

Thus, the present invention is intended to offer a solution to the power loss problems of modern diesel engines.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to provide a performance enhancing additive for a fuel composition, a fuel composition containing a performance enhancing additive, and a method of using the same.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention become more apparent from the following description when considered in conjunction with the examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Description and preferred embodiments of the present invention

With the aim of offering a solution to the power loss problems of diesel engines, the present inventor has found that when a combination or mixture of an acid amide and an oxide-treated amine is added to a fuel, the resulting fuel composition exhibits an unexpected and surprising improvement in diesel engine or fuel performance by reducing engine power loss. .

Thus, in one embodiment, the present invention relates to a performance enhancing additive composition comprising a combination or mixture of (i) an acid amide (component A) and (ii) an oxide-treated amine derivative (component B),

Thus, according to another embodiment, the present invention also relates to the use of a performance enhancing additive composition comprising a combination or mixture of (i) an acid amide (component A) and (ii) an oxide-treated amine derivative (component B) to improve engine performance, or fuel used for the engine by reducing engine power loss.

Thus, according to the following embodiment, the present invention relates to a fuel composition containing (A) a fuel used in a modern engine; and (B) a performance enhancing additive composition comprising a combination or mixture of (i) an acid amide and (ii) an oxide-treated amine derivative.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the acid amide (component A) is the reaction product of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIBSA) and tetraethylenepentamine (TERA),

In accordance with one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, PIBSA specifically reacts with TERA at a temperature of less than about 100°C. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the oxide-treated amine derivative (component B) is the reaction product of the oxide and amine

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the oxide is selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), butylene oxide (BO) and the like.

In accordance with one of the embodiments of the present invention, the amine is preferably a tertiary amine, preferably a tertiary amine containing one or more hydroxyl groups in the alkyl chain, even more preferably triisopropanolamine (TIPA),

Thus, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the oxide-treated amine derivative is selected from the group consisting of an ethylene oxide (EO) treated amine derivative, a propylene oxide (PO) treated amine derivative, and a butylene oxide (BO) treated amine derivative.

In accordance with one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the oxide-treated amine derivative can be obtained by any known method, preferably by the reaction of amine and oxide taken, respectively, in a weight ratio of from about 0.5:4 to about 2:16 , more preferably by reaction of amine and oxide, respectively, in a weight ratio of from about 1:8 to about 2:16, even more preferably by reaction, amine and oxide, respectively, taken in a weight ratio of about 1:8 .

According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, an oxide-treated amine derivative is obtained by reacting an amine and an oxide in the presence of a hydroxide or an alcoholic solution of a hydroxide, preferably potassium hydroxide.

In accordance with one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the combination or mixture of (i) acid amide (component A) and (ii) oxide-treated amine derivative (component B) according to the present invention can be obtained by mixing or combining component A and component B in any molar ratio or in any mass ratio. For example, the weight ratio of acid amide to oxide-treated amine may be from about 99:1 to about 1:99. An oxide-treated amine can be prepared by mixing the amine and oxide in a molar ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:50.

In accordance with one of the embodiments of the present invention, the additive composition described above may additionally contain a detergent (component C).

Thus, in a further embodiment, the present invention relates to a performance enhancing additive composition comprising (i) a combination or mixture of (i) an acid amide (component A) and (ii) an oxide-treated amine derivative (component B) and (ii) a detergent substance (component C).

Thus, according to the following embodiment, the present invention also relates to the use of a performance enhancing additive composition comprising (I) a combination or mixture of (i) an acid amide (component A) and (ii) an oxide-treated amine derivative (component B) and (II ) detergent (component C) to improve the performance of the engine or the fuel used for the engine by reducing engine power loss.

Thus, according to a further embodiment, the present invention relates to a fuel composition comprising (I) a performance enhancing additive composition comprising a combination or mixture of (i) an acid amide (component A) and (ii) an oxide-treated amine derivative (component B); (II) detergent (component C) and (III) fuel used in a modern engine.

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the detergent is a polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBSI).

According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBSI) is the reaction product of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIBSA) and tetraethylenepentamine (TERA).

In accordance with one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, PIBSA specifically reacts with TERA at an elevated temperature of more than about 1000C.

In accordance with one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, PIBSA can be obtained by any known method, preferably it can be obtained from highly reactive polyisobutylene (HRPIB).

According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, traditional polyisobutylenes and so-called "highly reactive polyisobutylenes" (see, for example, EP-B-0565285) are suitable for use in the present invention. In this context, highly reactive polyisobutylene is defined as polyisobutylene in which at least 50% and preferably 70% or more of the terminal olefinic double bonds are of the vinylidene type, such as in the GLISSOPAL compounds supplied by BASF.

It may be noted that, according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the detergent (component C) may be mixed or combined with a combination or mixture of (i) an acid amide (component A) and (ii) an oxide-treated amine derivative (component B), or, alternatively, the detergent (component C) may be mixed or combined with (i) an acid amide (component A) and (ii) an oxide-treated amine derivative (component B) to form a composition according to the present invention.

According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, (i) the acid amide (component A), (ii) the oxide-treated amine derivative (component B), and (iii) the detergent (component C) of the present invention may be mixed or combined. in any molar ratio or in any weight ratio. For example, the weight ratio of acid amide to oxide-treated amine may be from about 99:1 to about 1:99. The oxide-treated amine can be prepared by reacting the amine and oxide in a molar ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:50. Additionally, the acid amide, amine oxide treated, and detergent may be mixed or combined in a weight ratio of from about 1:0.1:0.1 to about 0.1:1:1.

Thus, according to a further embodiment, the present invention also relates to a method for improving the performance of an engine fuel and an engine by reducing its power loss using the performance enhancing additive compositions of the present invention.

According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the detergent is a polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBSI), which can be obtained by a method known in the art. Preferably PIBSI can be obtained in two steps through the following reactions.

Stage 1: synthesis of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIBSA) (not an invention)

a) Approximately 1297.5 g of 750 molecular weight highly reactive polyisobutylene (HRPIB) in commercial form was charged into a clean and dry four neck flask; the temperature was raised to about 125°C;

b) added approximately 201.8 g of maleic anhydride, and the resulting reaction mixture continued to heat to a temperature of approximately 170°C for approximately 2 hours;

c) the reaction mixture continued to be heated to approximately 205°C for approximately 3 hours and kept at this temperature, i.e. at a temperature of approximately 205°C for approximately 6 hours;

d) after that, the excess of maleic anhydride was distilled off;

e) the reaction mixture was diluted with toluene and received PIBSA, which showed 85% activity in toluene.

Step 2: Synthesis of polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBSI) from PIBSA prepared in Step 1 [referred to as PDA1 in the examples]

Approximately 400 g of the 85% active PIBSA in toluene prepared in Step 1 above was charged to a clean and dry four-necked flask, and approximately 76.1 g of TERA was added thereto with continuous stirring at room temperature. The reaction mixture thus obtained was then heated to a temperature of approximately 140°C to 150°C, preferably for the present example it was heated to a temperature of approximately 145 to 147°C and held at that temperature for approximately 4 hours, thus to complete the reaction to form a cyclic ring compound (PIBSI). After that, the toluene was completely distilled off. The reaction mixture was diluted with a heavy aromatic solvent (HAR), which for this example was a naphtha solvent, to give a cyclic ring compound (PIBSI) which had the following properties:

• average molecular weight (M _w ) of approximately 750 daltons as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC);

• nitrogen content of 7% when calculated from elemental analysis; and

• a total amine number of approximately 133 mg KOH/g as calculated by the method according to ASTM D 2074-16.

According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the acid amide is a reaction product of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIBSA) and TERA, which can be obtained by a method known in the art. Preferably, the acid amide can be obtained by the following reactions. Stage A: synthesis of acid amide (component A)

Approximately 200 g of the 85% activity PIBSA in toluene prepared in Step 1 above was charged to a clean and dry four-necked flask, approximately 40.18 g of TERA was added thereto while stirring at room temperature. The reaction mixture thus obtained was heated to a temperature of from about 60°C to about 100°C, preferably from about 70°C to about 90°C, for the purpose of this example, in particular, about 80°C, and held for a time of up to about 7 hours, preferably up to about 7 hours, for the purpose of this example, in particular up to about 5 hours. It can be noted that the present reaction can also be carried out at room temperature, but not at a temperature above 100°C, because in such a case, a cyclic ring compound (PIBSI) would be formed in the above step 2, while the purpose of this example is in order to prevent the formation of a cyclic ring compound (PIBSI) in the above step 2. Thereafter, toluene was distilled off to obtain an acid amide, which for the purpose of the present invention is defined as component A. Component A (acid amide) was found to have the following properties :

• an acid number of approximately 18 mgKOH/g when calculated by the D664-16 method;

• nitrogen content of 5% when calculated from elemental analysis; and

• total amine number of approximately 123 mg KOH/g calculated by the method according to standard D 2074-16.

Stage B: obtaining a derivative of PO-TIPA (component B)

Approximately 437 g of TIPA was charged to the autoclave, approximately 7.5 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) was added and the resulting reaction mixture was heated to a temperature of approximately 130° C. and then approximately 1062.5 g of PO was added thereto. The temperature of the resulting reaction mixture was maintained at a level of approximately 130°C for approximately 2-3 hours, so as to form a derivative of PO-TIPO. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature (RT) and the PO-TIPA derivative was isolated, which for the purpose of the present invention is defined as component B. Component B (PO-TIPO derivative) was found to have the following properties:

• nitrogen content of 3% when calculated from elemental analysis; and

• a total amine value of approximately 91 mg KOH/g calculated by the method according to D 2074-16,

Preparation of a mixture or combination of component A and component B [referred to as PDA71 in the examples

According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a combination or mixture of component A and component B can be obtained using the following method [referred to as PDA7 in the examples]

Approximately 150 g of component A (acid amide) obtained in the above step A was charged into a clean and dry four-neck flask, to which was added about 95 g of component B [the PO-TIPA derivative obtained in the above step B from TIPA and PO, taken in a weight ratio of approximately 1:8], and the resulting reaction mixture was heated to a temperature of approximately 78 to 80°C for approximately 4 hours. It was observed that this resulted in the formation of two separate layers, which confirmed that there was no chemical reaction occurring between component A and component B according to the present invention, even when the respective reaction mixture was heated to a temperature of approximately 78 to 80°C for approximately 4 hours.

When analyzing these two separate layers, it was found that mixing and heating component A and component B did not lead to the formation of a quaternary salt, and therefore confirms that no chemical reaction occurred between component A and component B according to the present invention.

According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the above two separate layers, which were obtained in this way, were diluted with toluene to obtain 50% activity, which led to the formation of a homogenized single layer containing a combination or mixture of component A and component B, which is a combination or a mixture according to the present invention.

Analysis of a mixture or combination of component A having 50% activity and component B having 50% activity

• An acid number of approximately 5 mg KOH/g calculated by the method according to D664-16;

• a nitrogen content of 3% as calculated from elemental analysis; and

• a total amine number of approximately 65 mg KOH/g calculated by the method according to D 2074-16,

Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in the present invention:

• TIPA is triisopropanolamine;

• PO-TIPA is a propylene oxide (PO) derivative of TIPA;

• 750 PIBSI is a polyisobutylene succinimide having an average molecular weight (M _w ) of 750 daltons;

• HRPIB is a highly reactive polyisobutylene;

• TERA is tetraethylenepentamine;

• PIBSA is polyisobutylene succinic anhydride; and

• HAR is a heavy aromatic solvent.

Accordingly, in one embodiment, the performance enhancing additive composition of the present invention comprises a mixture/combination of (i) an acid amide (which is the reaction product of PIBSA and TERA, i.e. component A from step A); and (ii) an oxide-treated TIPA derivative, such as a PO-TIPA derivative (i.e., the reaction product of TIPA and PO, and which is component B obtained in step B),

Accordingly, according to the second embodiment, the performance enhancing additive composition of the present invention comprises a mixture/combination of (i) an acid amide (which is the reaction product of PIBSA and TERA, i.e. component A obtained in step A) and (ii) an oxide treated derivative of TIPA , such as a derivative of PO-TIPA (which is the reaction product of TIPA and PO, that is, component B obtained in step B) and further contains (iii) PIBSI, which is a detergent (component C).

Additional embodiments of the present invention become apparent from the accompanying examples, which are presented for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Examples

In order to evaluate the performance of the additive compositions of the present invention, a variety of diesel fuel compositions have been prepared by using a commercially available comparative fuel suitable for testing the method used. For example, for test method CEC-F-98-08, reference fuel CEC RF-79-07, which is commercially available, can be used. Such a reference fuel is known to have a cetane number of from about 52 to about 54 as measured by the EN ISO 5165 method, a density at 15°C of from about 833 to about 837 kg/m ³ as measured by the EN ISO 5165 method. ISO 12185, fire point of approximately 62°C or more when measured by the EN ISO 2719 method, viscosity at 40°C of approximately 2.3 to approximately 3.3 mm ² /s when measured by the EN ISO method 3104 In addition, CEC RF 06 03 comparative fuel, which is commercially available, may be used. Such reference fuel is known to have a cetane number of from about 52 to about 54 as measured by the method according to EN ISO 5165-98, a density at 15°C of from about 833 to about 837 kg/m ³ as measured by the method according to EN ISO 5165-98. EN ISO 3675-98 flash point of approximately 55°C or more when measured by the method of EN ISO 22719, viscosity at 40°C of approximately 2.3 to approximately 3.3 mm2/s when measured by the method of EN ISO 22719 standard EN ISO 3104. Approximately 1 ppm was added to these exemplary compositions. zinc in the form of zinc neodecanoate. The resulting compositions were tested by CEC-F-98-08. Comparative fuel CEC RF-79-07 was used for these experiments, which is the standard reference fuel recommended by the European Coordinating Council (CEC) for engine testing using the CEC-F-98-08 method. It may be noted that the scope of the present invention is neither limited by the method nor by the comparative fuel used for this test method.

In the following exemplary compositions, PDA1 and PDA7 are the same as described above herein.

Table 1

As can be seen from the results of the studies presented above in table 1, the base fuel containing 74 ppm. additives PDA1, represents a power loss of 2.3%; base fuel containing 100 ppm PDA7 additive represents a significantly lower power loss of 0.9%, and the addition of PDA1, which is a detergent, to the PDA7 additive leads to an additional significant reduction in power loss of 0.7% or 0.5%. Thus, the compositions of the present invention have shown surprising and unexpected benefits in terms of synergistic effects.

As can be seen from the results of the studies presented in Table 1 above, the compositions of the present invention containing PDA7 or PDA7 and PDA1 demonstrated improved performance by reducing the percentage power loss compared to the blank sample and samples consisting of the additive of the prior art, representing is a PDA1 additive that does not contain an additive composition according to the present invention.

Claims (19)

1. Additive composition for fuel, consisting of a combination or mixture of: (i) acid amide; and (ii) an oxide-treated amine derivative, wherein the acid amide consists of the reaction product of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIBSA) and tetraethylenepentamine (TERA); wherein the oxide-treated amine derivative consists of the reaction product of an oxide and an amine; moreover, the amine consists of triisopropanolamine (TIPA); wherein the oxide consists of propylene oxide (PO); wherein the oxide-treated amine derivative consists of a propylene oxide-treated triisopropanolamine derivative (PO-TIPA). 2. Composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a detergent. 3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the detergent is polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBSI). 4. Composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs. 1-3, in which the fuel is diesel fuel. 5. The use of an additive composition according to any of the preceding paragraphs. 1-4 to improve the performance of an engine or fuel used for an engine by reducing engine power loss. 6. The use of an additive composition according to claim 5, wherein the fuel is diesel fuel and the engine is a diesel engine. 7. A method for improving the performance of an engine or fuel used for an engine by reducing engine power loss, the method comprising adding an additive composition according to any one of the preceding claims. 1-4 to the engine or the fuel used for the engine. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the fuel is diesel fuel and the engine is a diesel engine. 9. Fuel composition containing: (A) engine fuel; and (B) an additive composition according to any one of the preceding paragraphs. 1-4. 10. The fuel composition of claim. 9, wherein the fuel composition is a diesel fuel composition, the fuel is a diesel fuel, and the engine is a diesel engine.