RU2776793C1 - Method for feeding juvenile trepang - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fisheries.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of fisheries and can be used in the artificial breeding of trepang. The method for feeding juvenile trepang is intended for settled juvenile trepang with a size from less than 0.1 cm to more than 1 cm and is carried out with a feed mixture containing a live culture of spirulina Arthrospira platensis with a density of 10 thousand cells/ml in an amount of 200-2000 ml, a filtered homogenate from macrophytes - 0.01-0.1 g, compound feed - 0.02-0.2 g per day. Immediately before feeding, all components of the feed mixture are mixed, dissolved in 250-1000 ml of purified sea water, mixed and added to a container for growing trepang fry, gently stirring, in full. Feeding is carried out in two steps, the number of components of the feed mixture is added to the feed mixture depending on the size of the individuals.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to provide trepang juveniles with complete nutrition having a high nutritional and biological value and contributing to the juveniles' body weight gain and increase in their viability.

5 cl, 1 dwg, 5 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of fisheries and can be used in the artificial breeding of trepang.

An important condition in the process of growing trepang fry is their effective feeding at different stages of development with optimally selected feeds in terms of composition and quality, which affect the growth rate, weight and viability of fry.

A method of feeding echinoderms is known, including the introduction of a feed mixture into the diet of trepang fry, containing animal raw materials in the form of fish waste, cucumaria entrails, vegetable raw materials in the form of kelp algae, additionally added bakery waste and chitosan (RF patent 2410896, A23K 1/00).

The disadvantage of this method is the low nutritional value of the feed mixture and the granular form of the mixture, which limits the use of the mixture for young trepang.

A known method of feeding trepang with a fodder product, the main component of which is activated sludge, additionally, fish meal, algal meal and fodder yeast are added to the mixture (RF patent 2343712, A23K 1/00).

The disadvantage of this method is the duration of the feed preparation process, the short shelf life of the feed, as well as the low weight gain of the sea cucumber (per day, no more than 1.36%).

A known method of feeding juvenile trepang with a feed mixture, which includes as a plant component various types of algae (kelp, anfeltia, gracilaria, sargasso algae and others), as well as waste from cutting fish and shellfish (soft tissues, entrails), is additionally introduced into a mixture of potassium iodate (RF patent 2537547, A23K 1/10).

There is a known method of feeding pigmented fry of trepang with food, the components of which are organic raw materials of plant origin (algae and terrestrial plants), raw materials of animal origin (fish waste and / or waste from the meat and dairy industry, shellfish and / or their waste), minerals ( shellfish shells and/or eggshells), sea silt, biologically active additives (a mixture of medicinal herbs, garlic powder, vitamin and mineral premix, vitamin C) and binders (sodium alginate or carrageenan) (RF patent 2536633, A23K 1/10 ).

The disadvantages of these methods is also a low weight gain in juvenile trepang.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a method of feeding juvenile trepang, including the introduction into the diet of a feed mixture containing sargassum, soft tissues of bivalve mollusk waste, dry detritus, soy and fish meal, shellfish shell powder, dried leaves and roots of Eleutherococcus, the mixture is used for feeding juvenile trepang until the size of an individual reaches 0.8-1 cm, providing an increase in body weight per day of 4.6-5.8% (RF patent 2555035, A23K 1/18).

The disadvantage of this method is the insufficiently high body weight gain of sea cucumber juveniles, as well as the use of plant components of terrestrial origin (eleutherococcus) in the feed mixture, which is not physiological for sea cucumber.

The objective of the claimed invention is the use of an effective feed mixture in the diet of sea cucumber juveniles, which provides an increase in the body weight of sea cucumber juveniles and an increase in its viability from the moment the larvae settle to obtaining viable juveniles.

The technical result of the proposed method consists in the additional introduction of seaweeds into the composition of the feed mixture, which have a high nutritional and biological value, are easily digestible and contribute to an increase in body weight and survival of settled sea cucumber fry.

This task is achieved by the fact that in the claimed method of feeding juvenile trepang, a feed mixture is introduced into the diet, containing a live culture of spirulina Arthrospira platensis with a density of 10 thousand cells / ml in an amount of 200-2000 ml per day, a filtered homogenate from macrophytes - 0.01-0 .1 g per day and compound feed - 0.02-0.2 g per day, the calculation of the number of components is taken per 1 g of the weight of the sample of settled juveniles. Immediately before feeding, all components of the feed mixture are mixed, dissolved in 250-1000 ml of purified sea water, mixed and added to a container for growing trepang fry, gently stirring, in full.

The feed mix uses compound feed "Jiao Long the Feed for special sea cucumbers" made in China (Table 1).

Seaweeds are important components in the diet of trepang from the moment of settling of larvae to obtaining viable juveniles.

The use of a filtered homogenate from macrophytes is advisable to use at the first stage of development of settled juveniles, since it contains Cystoseira algae (Cystoseiracrassipes) and Sargassum sp. Sargassum contains the maximum amount of minerals (31.7%), non-protein nitrogen (0.58%), protein (11.8%), easily hydrolysable polysaccharides (20.8%) and the minimum amount of alginic acid (12.5%). Sargassum proteins are characterized by a high content of essential amino acids (26.9% of the total amino acids) (Mokretsova N.D., Viktorovskaya G.I., Sukhin I.Yu., Instructions for the technology of obtaining viable sea cucumber fry in the factory // TINRO-Center , Vladivostok, 2012, pp. 24-25; Kadnikova I.A., Aminina N.M., Mokretsova N.D., Rogov A.M., The use of different types of algae in the composition of feed for sea cucumber fry // Bulletin of the Astrakhan State University, series Fisheries, 2015, No. 4, pp. 62-68).

The main component in the claimed feed mixture is spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) - a blue-green algae, completely different from other types of algae, as it is closer to bacteria than to plants, it rather occupies a niche between bacteria and plants. This is a unique type of cyanobacteria, rich in vitamins A1, B1, B2, B6, B12, C and E, containing beta carotenes, a number of minerals and essential amino acids, fatty acids, antioxidants. Unlike other microalgae, whose cells are made of rigid cellulose, those of spirulina are soft, contain sugars and protein, which contributes to easy digestion, assimilation and is beneficial for the digestive tract of sea cucumber juveniles.

The claimed method uses a live culture of spirulina Arthrospira platensis (Nordstedt) Gomont from the IPPAS-B-287 collection. Spirulina is grown continuously to increase the volume of the crop and is added to the feed mixture immediately before feeding.

On the basis of the aquarian FGBOU VO "Dalrybvtuz" in 2021, for 1.5 months, studies were carried out on the effect of the culture of spirulina Arthrospira platensis on the survival rate and size-weight parameters of juveniles of the Far Eastern trepang. The individuals were grown in the conditions of the mini-factory of the Primorsky production base of the FGBU "Glavrybvod" in the b. North, Slavic Bay. The age of the animals was 30 days from the moment of settling. The total number of studied objects - 210 pieces, planting density 0.007 ind./ml. Before the start of the experiment, control measurements of the mass of individuals in the sample were made, which varied from 0.001 to 0.03 g, the size of juveniles was less than 0.1 cm. Feed was supplied daily, water was changed, temperature and salinity were measured. The experimental feed ration included a live culture of Arthrospira platensis (density ≈10 thousand cells/ml) mixed with compound feed (from Table 1). Microalgae additives were not included in the control diet, only the same compound feed was used (Table 2).

Studies have shown that even with a single use per day of a live culture of spirulina, additionally added to the compound feed, the survival rate of individuals increases by 3.8% (Fig. 1) and a significant increase in body weight of sea cucumber is observed compared to juveniles receiving only compound feed (tab. 3, 4).

Feeding juvenile sea cucumber in the proposed method is carried out in two steps. The first feeding is carried out in the first half of the day, the second - in the afternoon. The feed mixture is intended for feeding settled juveniles of trepang with a size from less than 0.1 cm to more than 1 cm. The number of components of the feed mixture is added depending on the size of the individuals (Table 3).

It is more expedient to feed before changing the water in the tank for rearing juvenile trepang for a more economical consumption of the feed mixture. For better settling of the feed mixture, aeration of the water in the tank is not performed during the feed supply.

The method is carried out as follows:

Sea cucumber juveniles are fed twice a day. The first feeding is carried out in the first half of the day with a feed mixture, which includes a live culture of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) with a density of ≈10 thousand cells/ml, a filtered homogenate from macrophytes, compound feed. The second feeding of sea cucumber juveniles is carried out in the second half of the day with a feed mixture containing a filtered homogenate from macrophytes and compound feed. Immediately before feeding, all components are mixed, dissolved in 250-1000 ml of purified sea water, mixed to speed up the dissolution process and added to the container for growing trepang fry, stirring gently, in full.

The number of components of the feed mixture for feeding contribute depending on the size of juveniles based on the weight of the sample settled juveniles 1 g (tab.5). The average daily weight gain of juveniles of the Far Eastern trepang to the initial value is 5.4% -10.9%.

The invention is confirmed by the following examples.

Example 1

Feeding of juveniles of the Far Eastern trepang with a size of 0.05-0.1 cm, weighing 100 g, is carried out twice a day:

- the first feeding is carried out in the first half of the day with a feed mixture, which includes a live culture of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) with a density of ≈10 thousand cells / ml in the amount of 20,000 ml, a filtered homogenate from macrophytes - 0.5 g, compound feed - 1 g ., immediately before feeding, all components are mixed, dissolved in 250 ml of purified sea water, mixed to speed up the dissolution process and added to the container for growing trepang fry, stirring gently, in full;

- the second feeding is carried out in the afternoon with a feed mixture, which includes a filtered homogenate of macrophytes - 0.5 g, compound feed - 1 g, immediately before feeding, all components are mixed, dissolved in 250 ml of purified sea water, mixed to speed up the dissolution process and bring into the container for growing juvenile trepang, gently stirring, in full.

The average daily weight gain of juveniles of the Far Eastern trepang to the initial value is 5.4%.

Example 2

Feeding of juveniles of the Far Eastern sea cucumber with a size of 0.5-0.8 cm, weighing 100 g, is carried out twice a day:

- the first feeding is carried out in the first half of the day with a feed mixture, which includes a live culture of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) with a density of ≈10 thousand cells / ml in the amount of 100,000 ml, a filtered homogenate from macrophytes - 2.5 g, compound feed - 5 g , immediately before feeding, all components are mixed, dissolved in 500 ml of purified sea water, mixed to speed up the dissolution process and added to the container for growing trepang fry, stirring gently, in full;

- the second feeding is carried out in the afternoon with a feed mixture, which includes a filtered homogenate of macrophytes - 2.5 g, compound feed - 5 g, immediately before feeding, all components are mixed, dissolved in 500 ml of purified sea water, mixed to speed up the dissolution process and bring into the container for growing juvenile trepang, gently stirring, in full.

The average daily weight gain of juveniles of the Far Eastern trepang to the initial value is 10.9%.

Example 3

Feeding of juveniles of the Far Eastern trepang with a size of 1.5-2 cm, weighing 100 g, is carried out twice a day:

- the first feeding is carried out in the first half of the day with a feed mixture, which includes a live culture of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) with a density of ≈10 thousand cells / ml in the amount of 200,000 ml, a filtered homogenate from macrophytes - 5 g, compound feed - 10 g, directly before feeding, all components are mixed, dissolved in 1000 ml of purified sea water, mixed to speed up the dissolution process and added to a container for growing trepang fry, stirring gently, in full;

- the second feeding is carried out in the afternoon with a feed mixture, which includes a filtered homogenate of macrophytes - 5 g, compound feed - 10 g, immediately before feeding, all components are mixed, dissolved in 1000 ml of purified sea water, mixed and added to speed up the dissolution process into a container for growing juvenile trepang, stirring gently, in full. The average daily weight gain of juveniles of the Far Eastern trepang to the initial value is 6.4%.

Claims (5)

1. A method of feeding juvenile trepang, including the introduction of a feed mixture into the daily diet, characterized in that the feed mixture contains a live culture of spirulina Arthrospira platensis with a density of 10 thousand cells / ml, a filtered homogenate from macrophytes, compound feed and is introduced into the diet with a sample weight settled juvenile sea cucumber 1 g in the amount of components, respectively, 200-2000 ml, 0.01-0.1 g, 0.02-0.2 g per day. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that immediately before feeding, all components of the feed mixture are mixed, dissolved in 250-1000 ml of purified sea water, mixed and added to the container for growing trepang fry, gently stirring, in full. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that for feeding settled young trepang with a size of less than 0.1 cm with a sample weight of 1 g, a feed mixture is used in the number of components per day: live culture of spirulina 200 ml, filtered homogenate from macrophytes 0.01 g, compound feed 0.02 g. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that for feeding settled young trepang with a size of 0.2-0.9 cm with a sample weight of 1 g, a feed mixture is used in the number of components per day: a live culture of spirulina 1000 ml, a filtered homogenate from macrophytes 0.05 g, compound feed 0.1 g. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that for feeding the settled juvenile sea cucumber with a size of more than 1 cm with a sample weight of 1 g, a feed mixture is used in the number of components per day: a live culture of spirulina 2000 ml, a filtered homogenate from macrophytes 0.1 g, compound feed 0.2 g

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