RU2775194C1 - Apparatus for removing single roots on the upper and lower jaws - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: dentistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to general surgical instruments, in particular, to surgical dentistry, and can be used to remove single roots on the upper and lower jaws. Apparatus for removing single roots on the upper and lower jaws includes a rounded handle, a connecting rod, a mechanism providing an angle of rotation of the rod and the working tip around an axis of 20 to 30 degrees, and a working part presented in the form of a sharp replaceable tip shaped as a cone with an angle of attack of 25°, with a fine thread for screwing in, ensuring injury-free removal of single roots.

EFFECT: use of the invention allows for a reduction in the injury rate of the edges of the alveolar socket and the alveolar process, improvement in the ergonomics of the medical instrument, reduction in the physical costs for the dentist.

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Description

The medical device belongs to general surgical instruments and, in particular, to surgical dentistry, and can be used to remove single roots on both jaws, roots of separated multi-rooted teeth, as well as dystopic or impacted teeth.

The device consists of a rounded handle, a connecting rod, a mechanism that provides an angle of rotation around the axis of 20-30 degrees, as well as a working part, presented in the form of a sharp (replaceable) tip - a cone, the angle of attack of which is 25 degrees, which has a small thread, to ensure the effect of screwing.

The proposed dental tool facilitates the work of a dentist, improves ergonomics and provides minimal trauma to the tooth socket when removing roots or their fragments, on the upper and lower jaws.

The device relates to medicine, in particular to dentistry, which ensures minimal trauma to the socket of the alveolar process of the upper and/or lower jaws during the operation of removing the tooth root.

As an analogue, a direct elevator is presented, designed to remove the roots of single-rooted teeth or the roots of separated multi-rooted teeth, as well as dystopic or impacted teeth.

The device presented in the Patent SU No. 1156675 A

Elevators are instruments that are designed in maxillofacial surgery and surgical dentistry for the removal of teeth and dental roots, as well as for the extirpation of root fragments from dental sockets https://vandex.ru/patents/doc/SU1156675A1 19850523.

The functions of different types of elevators are somewhat different. The direct elevator is intended for extraction of the roots of single-rooted teeth or disconnected roots of multi-rooted teeth of the upper jaw, as well as the extraction of teeth located outside the dental arch and, less often, the removal of the lower third molar.

In the design of the elevator, the working part of Fig. 1(3), the axial connecting element of FIG. 1(2) and the handle of FIG. 1(1).

Depending on the nature of the location of the components, there are several types of elevators. According to the type of construction, they distinguish: a bayonet-shaped elevator (Lekluze), an angular (lateral) elevator, when considering the projection of the elevator, the shape of the cheek can be - oval, rectangular, spear-shaped and asymmetric.

The elevator is used as a lever tool. Structurally, several subspecies are distinguished, which are used depending on the complexity of surgical interventions.

Work with a direct elevator is shown in (Fig. 2). During tooth extraction, the alveolar process is fixed with the first and second fingers of the left hand, the right hand, using sufficient force, introduces the working part of the elevator into the periodontal gap, which expands under the influence of the instrument, providing the creation of a retention point of Fig. 2(4). The ligamentous apparatus of the periodontium is torn. The elevator produces rotational movements, which ensure the immersion of the working part of the tool to a depth of 4-5 mm, and then it is used already as a lever and, in which the applied force is transferred to the cheek of the tool, the tooth is dislocated from the alveolus of Fig. 2(5).

Almost the same is the operation to eliminate impacted / semi-impacted molars. The elevator here is used straight.

The disadvantage of the direct elevator and other lever-type tools is:

1. The difficulty of moving it into the lumen of the periodontal gap. The periodontal gap is relatively small, and the working part of the instrument, i.e. the tip of the instrument is thick enough, so the dentist has to sharpen the working part of the instrument, or create a retention point with a drill, for the convenience of inserting the tip of the working part of the instrument into the periodontal gap. 2. Working with a lever-type tool is associated with a number of complications:

slippage of the applied tool, especially the straight elevator,

rupture of the mucous membrane of the alveolar process and spallation of the cortical plate of the edge of the hole,

deep penetration of the sharp working part of the instrument into the soft tissues of the maxillary fossa (pterygopalatine fossa, etc., etc.), perforation of the maxillary sinus floor or a fracture, in particular, of the lower jaw.

Therefore, work with this tool is associated with strict fixation of the working part and is available only to experienced specialists with sufficient work experience.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the traumatization of the edges of the tooth socket and the alveolar process, improve the ergonomics of the medical instrument, reduce the physical costs of the dentist.

The technical result can be expressed in reducing the friction force by advancing the tip blade with a fine thread not deep, within 2-3 mm, penetrating into the periodontal gap, the tip blade practically does not injure the cortical layer of the tooth socket plate.

The task is solved due to the fact that the device consists of a rounded handle, a connecting rod, a mechanism that provides an angle of rotation around the axis of 20-30 degrees, as well as a working part, presented in the form of a sharp (replaceable) tip-cone, the angle of attack of which equal to 25 degrees, having a fine thread, to ensure the effect of screwing in and delicate removal of a single root, is presented.

The device consists of a rounded handle of Fig. 3(6), the connecting rod of FIG. 3(8), a mechanism providing a rotation angle around the axis of 20-30 degrees of FIG. 3(7), as well as the working part, presented in the form of a sharp (replaceable) tip - a cone of Fig. 3(9), the angle of attack of which is 25 degrees, having a fine thread to ensure the effect of screwing in and delicate removal of a single root.

The device has an external similarity to the prototype, but differs in design and principle of operation, because. contains:

The mechanism is the so-called "ratchet", which allows only rotational (rotational) movement of the handle within 20-30 degrees, along the axis of the instrument, without creating a force load on the axis of the instrument, thereby not destroying the edge of the tooth socket and without creating conditions for a possible spallation of the cortical bone plates from the vestibular side of the tooth socket, and also eliminates the possibility of slipping of the instrument.

The working part of the tool is presented in the form of a removable (for convenience of sterilization) sharp tip with an attack angle of 25 degrees, having a thread, working on the “wedge” principle.

A device that provides minimal trauma to the tooth socket when removing single roots in the upper and lower jaws is used as follows:

- the working part of the tool is presented in the form of a sharp, removable (for the convenience of sterilization) tip, which has an angle of attack of 25 degrees and fine thread, which will provide us with a double effect:

- as the sharp tip moves into the depth of the periodontal gap, it works - the "wedge" principle,

- a fine thread ensures the advancement of the tip into the depth of the periodontal gap, while the tip of the tip simultaneously contacts with two surfaces of the periodontal gap - this is the cortical layer of the socket of the removed tooth and the lateral surface of the tooth root.

In the cortical layer, the tip is, as it were, “screwed in”, and the force vector is directed towards the apex, and on the surface of the tooth root, a fine thread provides a reverse force vector that pushes the tooth root out of the socket, and the axial load on the tool is minimal. Due to the "ratchet" mechanism, which provides a minimum rotational movement within 20-30 degrees, i.e. the instrument is strictly fixed and there is no threat of damage to both soft tissues and other complications described earlier.

Claims (1)

A device for removing single roots on the upper and lower jaws, which includes a rounded handle, a connecting rod, a mechanism that provides an angle of rotation of the rod and a working tip around the axis of 20-30 °, as well as a working part presented in the form of a sharp replaceable tip - cone, the angle of attack of which is 25 °, having a fine thread for screwing in and non-traumatic removal of single roots.

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