RU2774468C1 - Transport system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: public transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a transport system. Two-level interchanges are provided for the movement of a high-speed tram at the intersections of roads with tram tracks. Along the entire route, the tram track is shielded with a metal or reinforced concrete fence, and passenger platforms, in addition, are protected by canopies that provide protection from precipitation, wind, birds and foreign objects. At the final stopping points, traffic is carried out as in the metro: by corner arrivals, there are no tram rings. The transport system uses low-floor tram cars, the multiple units are controlled from the cab of the head car, the doors of the cars are located on both sides and are also controlled from the cab of the head car. Each tram in the head and tail has cars with a cab for the driver, these cars are motor cars, with the possibility of placing one or more motor cars or cars without traction engines between them. Trams of different capacities are used to transport passengers, the time of day and days of the week are taken into account when drawing up schedules for trams, all trams are used during rush hour, and only part of the rolling stock is used the rest of the time.

EFFECT: as a result, the time spent by passengers on the road decreases, the safety of the transport system increases, and the amount of polluting emissions into the environment decreases.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The field of technology to which the invention belongs

The invention relates to the field of regulation of public transport.

State of the art

Ground vehicles are known for transporting passengers in cities, these include trams, trolleybuses, buses, fixed-route taxis, official and personal vehicles. Each of these vehicles has its own advantages and disadvantages.

The tram does not pollute the environment, energy consumption and traffic resistance are moderate. At the same time, there are also disadvantages: it is required to build and maintain the TP tram tracks and the contact network of the CS, it is difficult to change the TM tram routes, to bypass the emergency section.

The trolleybus does not pollute the environment. At the same time, it is required to build and maintain a contact network, it is impossible to change the route without reconstructing the contact network, the relatively high cost of rolling stock, high resistance to movement, and high energy consumption.

Bus routes can quickly change, it is easy to bypass the emergency section. The disadvantages of bus traffic are: environmental pollution, expensive rolling stock, high traffic resistance, high fuel consumption.

Fixed-route taxis, official and personal vehicles transport a small number of passengers, have a high cost per seat.

None of the vehicles is ideal for transporting passengers in the city. The most suitable vehicle for transporting passengers in the city is a tram. This technical solution was chosen as a prototype.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result, to which the technical solution is directed, is the reduction of pollution of the urban environment, the time spent by a passenger on the road, the increase in traffic comfort, the reduction in the cost of a passenger-kilometer, the possibility of dispersing passengers among the cars. It is advisable to create conditions for the implementation of high-speed tram traffic using two-level controlled overpass interchanges, where the TS tram tracks do not cross the routes of other vehicles. The laying of TS at the edge of the road creates the prerequisites for excluding the intersection of tram tracks with traffic lanes of other vehicles.

A transport system containing a tram - a head car with traction motors and several trailer cars controlled from the cab of the head car, with the ability to move at a speed set by the tram driver, taking into account the plan and profile of the track, the traction characteristics of the electric motors,

characterized in that

at the intersection of roads with tram tracks, two-level interchanges are made, while if the roads intersect at the same level and a tram track is laid along one of them, then it passes under the crossing road in a shallow tunnel, and if tram tracks are laid along both roads, then they pass under intersected roads in shallow tunnels, while tram tracks are laid at the edge of the road, which makes it possible to exclude the intersection of tram tracks with routes of other vehicles;

when laying tram tracks along narrow roads in a shallow tunnel, one tram track is laid at each edge of the road, and the reinforced concrete floor above the tunnel is used as a sidewalk or a pedestrian zone, in addition, the edge of the road is made with the possibility of laying two tram tracks;

the tram track along its entire length is fenced with a metal or reinforced concrete fence, and passenger platforms, in addition, are protected by canopies;

stopping points are made on the ground, including using the first floors of buildings, or located in tunnels; stopping points are made on the ground, including using the basement floors of buildings;

at the final stopping points, the movement is carried out as in the metro - corner races, without tram rings;

along the route, each high-speed tram is made with the ability to change the direction of movement to the opposite, for this, between the even and odd tram tracks, a ramp is laid, along which the trams pass in the direction of the wool, to change the direction of movement, the high-speed tram passes and releases the exit arrow, then the exit arrows are transferred and start moving in the opposite direction;

low-floor tram cars are used, motor cars are controlled from the cab of the head car, the doors of the cars are located on both sides and are also controlled from the cab of the head car;

each high-speed tram at the head and tail has cars with a cab for the driver, these cars are motor cars, they are made with the possibility of placing one or more motor cars or cars without traction engines between them;

the depth of the tunnel is made 10-20% more than the height of the car, while instead of a contact wire, current-carrying tires are used, fixed to the ceiling by means of insulators;

outside the tunnel, the contact wire is mounted 20-30% lower than the usual contact suspension, since the tram tracks do not cross vehicles and pedestrian crossings;

when approaching the stopping point from the odd side, the tram track has a gentle curve and counter rail;

the tram track at the stopping point is laid in parallel or in such a way as to exclude the passage of passengers along the rails, for which the distance between the axes of the tracks is reduced to 15-20 cm;

to regulate the movement of light rail at the stopping point, where the distance between the axes of the tram tracks is reduced to 15-20 cm, a traffic signal is provided with moon-white and red lights of traffic lights, while the condition of the receiving and departure tracks of the stopping point, the ways of approach and removal, is controlled by the first the stopping point is entered by a high-speed tram, which is closer to the axis of the stopping point;

trams of different capacities are used to transport passengers, when scheduling a high-speed tram, the time of day and days of the week are taken into account, all trams are used at rush hour, and only a part of the rolling stock is used at other times;

long trams are made with the possibility of composing them from short trams, they must serve passengers at rush hour, the capacity of trams must correspond to the actual demand at peak time, the rest of the time shortened high-speed trams are used for running, the interval and time of running of high-speed trams is provided constant;

fare is paid with the participation of a cell phone and a turnstile at the entrance to the platform of the stopping point, while fares are charged to the farthest stopping point, when leaving the stopping point at the destination station, the unused part of the money is refunded with the participation of a cell phone and a turnstile at the exit from platforms.

Brief description of the drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a top view of a part of a stopping platform with tram cars; in fig. 2 - section along the AA part of the stopping platform with tram cars; in fig. 3 - track development at the stopping platform with tram cars with joint laying of tracks to create the possibility of excluding the crossing of tram tracks by passenger traffic; in fig. 4 - two-level interchange with the possibility of any movement of STR and other vehicles without crossing tram routes by other modes of transport; in fig. 5 - two-level interchange for tram lines, in Fig. 6 - exit to change the direction of the tram in the opposite direction.

Implementation of the invention

In FIG. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and the following designations are given in the text:

1 - high-speed tram STR, moving in an odd direction;

2 - high-speed tram STR, moving in an even direction;

3, 4 - rails for the movement of high-speed trams in the odd and even directions, respectively;

5, 6 - contact wires for the movement of high-speed trams in the odd and even directions, respectively;

7, 8 - canopies at stopping points for the movement of high-speed trams of odd and even directions, respectively;

9, 10 - the upper transparent parts of the walls at stops for high-speed trams of odd and even directions of movement, respectively;

11, 12 - lower reinforced concrete parts of the walls at the stops on the odd and even sides of the stops of high-speed trams;

13, 14 - continuation of platforms at stops on the odd and even sides of light rails;

15, 16 - ballast on odd and even tram tracks;

17, 18 - pantographs for high-speed trams moving in odd and even directions;

19, 20 - sleepers on the section of the odd and even track;

21, 22 - shunting traffic lights M1, M4 for high-speed trams moving in an odd direction;

23, 24 - shunting traffic lights M3, M2 for light rails moving in an even direction;

25 - counter rail and gentle curve (radius of the rail curve 300-500 m) when approaching the stopping point from the odd side, excludes the possibility of the wagon derailing;

26 - doors to the platform and turnstiles;

27 - upper road;

28 - lower road;

29 - traffic lanes of the upper road;

30 - traffic lanes of the lower road;

31 - tram tracks of the upper road;

32 - tram tracks of the lower road;

33 - exits between the tram tracks of the upper and lower roads;

34, 35 - stopping platforms at the tram tracks of the upper and lower roads;

36, 37 - the first canvas on the upper road in the odd and even direction of travel;

38, 39 - the first canvas on the lower road in the odd and even direction of movement;

40, 41, 42 - ramps between the non-rail lanes of the vehicle of the upper and lower roads;

43 - road bridge over tram tracks;

44 - second tram exits;

45 - the second tram tracks;

46 - stopping platforms at the second tram tracks;

47 - the first road;

48 - second road;

49 - upper shallow tunnel;

50 - lower shallow tunnel;

51 - woolly arrow of the exit, the tram passes it in an odd direction;

52 - wool exit arrow, trams pass it in an even direction;

53 - congress for changing the direction of movement;

54 - an arrow participating in the first part of the route of the corner arrival when changing the direction of movement;

55 - an arrow participating in the second part of the route of the corner entry when changing the direction of movement;

DR - two-level interchange;

KS - contact network;

OP - stopping points;

PD - traffic lane;

PNP - the first odd canvas;

PPP - the first even canvas;

STM - light rail route;

TP - tram track;

TC is a vehicle.

Two-level junctions of the DR allow vehicles to cross roads located at different levels without hindrance. DRs are additionally equipped with tram ramps and ramps for off-rail transport, which are laid so that the TP tram tracks do not cross the traffic lanes of other vehicles. The tram tracks of the TS of each road are located at the edge of the roadway.

In the explanations to the drawings, the direction of movement from left to right, and from top to bottom, is called odd, and the opposite direction of movement is even, the rightmost PD for movement in the odd direction is called the first odd canvas of the PNP, the rightmost PD for movement in the even direction is called the first even canvas of the PPP , at the same time it is necessary to indicate to which road the canvas belongs: to the upper road of the HP or to the lower road of the ND.

The odd tram track of the upper road (Fig. 4) is connected by a ramp to the odd tram track of the lower road, and the even tram tracks are similarly connected.

PPP VD is connected by two ramps with PPP ND, one of which allows you to climb from ND to VD, the second - to descend from VD to ND, in addition, PPP ND is connected by a ramp to PPP VD, the ramp is laid under the bridge for tram tracks, PNP ND is connected by a ramp to PPP VD. The congress is laid on the bridge over the tram tracks.

In FIG. 1 shows the following devices and components

light rail moving in an odd direction - 1;

light rail moving in an even direction - 2;

rails for the movement of high-speed trams in the odd and even directions, respectively - 3, 4;

contact wires for the movement of high-speed trams in the odd and even directions, respectively - 5, 6;

canopies at stops for high-speed trams of odd and even directions of movement, respectively - 7, 8;

the upper transparent parts of the walls at stops for high-speed trams of odd and even directions of movement, respectively - 9, 10;

the lower reinforced concrete parts of the walls at the odd and even sides of the light rail stop, respectively - 11, 12;

continuation of platforms at stops on the odd and even sides of the light rail, respectively - 13, 14;

ballast on odd and even tram tracks, respectively - 15, 16;

pantographs for high-speed trams moving in odd and even directions, respectively - 17, 18.

In FIG. 2 shows the mentioned devices and sleepers on the section of the odd and even paths, respectively - 19, 20.

In FIG. 3 shows the mentioned devices and shunting traffic lights M1, M4 for light rails moving in an odd direction, respectively - 21, 22;

shunting traffic lights M3, M2 for high-speed trams - 23, 24, moving in an even direction, respectively; counter rail and flat curve (curve radius of the rail 300-500 m) 25 when approaching the stopping point from the odd side excludes the possibility of the wagon derailing; doors to the platform and turnstiles - 26.

In FIG. 4 are shown: upper road - 27; lower road - 28; traffic lanes of the upper road - 29; traffic lanes of the lower road - 30; tram tracks - 31 upper roads; tram tracks - 32 lower roads; ramps between the tram tracks of the upper and lower roads - 33; stopping platforms at the tram tracks of the upper and lower roads, respectively - 34, 35; the first canvas on the upper road in the odd and even direction of movement, respectively - 36, 37; the first canvas on the lower road in the odd and even direction of movement, respectively - 38, 39; exits between non-rail lanes of the vehicle of the upper and lower roads, respectively - 40, 41, 42; road bridge over tram tracks -43; second tram ramps - 44; second tram tracks - 45; stopping platforms at the second tram tracks - 46.

In FIG. 5 shows: the first road - 47; the second road - 48; upper shallow tunnel - 49; lower shallow tunnel - 50.

In FIG. 6 shows: the woolly arrow of the exit - 51, the high-speed tram passes it in an odd direction; the woolly arrow of the exit is 52, the high-speed trams pass it in an even direction; congress for changing the direction of movement - 53; arrow-pointer - 54, participating in the first part of the route of the corner arrival when changing the direction of movement; arrow-pointer - 55, participating in the second part of the route of the corner arrival when changing the direction of movement.

The transport system for regulating the movement of light rail is based on the fact that the tram - the head car with traction motors and several trailer cars, controlled from the cab of the head car, moves at a speed that the tram driver sets, taking into account the plan and profile of the track, traction characteristics of electric motors and others. factors affecting the amount of resistance to movement.

To ensure the safety of high-speed tram traffic, STR 1 at the intersections of roads with tram tracks, TP 31 (32) provide for two-level interchanges DR, if the roads intersect at the same level and TP 31 is laid along one of them, then it passes under the crossing road in a shallow tunnel 49 (50), if TPs are laid along both roads, then they pass under intersected roads in shallow tunnels (Fig. 5), TPs are laid at the edge of the road (Fig. 4), which makes it possible to exclude the crossing of TP 31 by routes of other vehicles.

When laying TP 31 along narrow roads in a shallow tunnel, one TP 31 is laid at one end of the road, and the reinforced concrete floor above the tunnel is used as a sidewalk or a pedestrian zone, in addition, two TP 31 can be laid at one edge of the road.

Along the entire route, TP 31 (Fig. 1, 2) is fenced with a metal or reinforced concrete fence, and passenger platforms, in addition, are protected by canopies 7, 8, which provide protection from precipitation, wind, birds and foreign objects.

Stopping points can be ground, including using the first floors of buildings, or in shallow tunnels, including using the basement floors of buildings.

On the OP TP 31 can be laid in parallel (Fig. 1, 2), or with convergence so (Fig. 3) to reduce the distance between the axes of the tracks to 15-20 cm, in the first case, passengers will have to cross through TP 31, in the second case you don't have to cross the paths, the second case is more preferable.

At the final stopping points of the OP, the movement is carried out as in the metro - corner arrivals (the term is used on the railway), there are no tram rings.

On the way, each STR can change the direction of movement to the opposite (Fig. 6), for this, exit 53 is laid between the even and odd TS, along which the trams pass in the direction of the wool (the term is used on the railway), this is safer than following the STR in the opposite direction. To change the direction of movement, the STR must pass and release the arrow of the exit 51, then the arrows 51 and 52 of the exit 53 translate and start moving STR 1 (2) in the opposite direction.

For the transportation of passengers, low-floor tram cars are used, motor (leading) cars are controlled from the cab of the head car, the doors of the cars are located on both sides and are also controlled from the cab of the head car.

Each tram at the head and tail has cars with a cab for the driver, these cars are motor cars, one or more motor cars or cars without traction engines can additionally cling between them.

The depth of the tunnel 49, 50 is 10-20% more than the height of the car, because instead of a contact wire, current-carrying tires are used, fixed to the ceiling by means of insulators.

Outside the tunnel, the contact wire 17, 18 is mounted 20-30% lower than the usual contact suspension, since the TS 31, 32 do not cross any vehicles, they are not even crossed by pedestrian crossings, which significantly increases traffic safety.

A gentle curve (radius 300-500 m) when approaching the OP from the odd side (Fig. 3) and the counter rail 25 excludes the possibility of the car derailing when the STR approaches the platform.

TP at the platform is laid in parallel (Fig. 1, 2) or so that in order to exclude the passage of passengers along the rails, the distance between the axes of the tracks is reduced to 15-20 cm (Fig. 3).

To regulate the movement of STR 1 at the OP, where the distance between the axes of the TP is reduced to 15-20 cm, a traffic signal is provided with moon-white and red lights of traffic lights (Fig. 3), while the state of the receiving and departure tracks of the OP, the ways of approach and removal (terms used on the railway), the first to enter the OP is STR 1, which is closer to the axis of the OP.

The energy consumption when driving on a rail track is lower than when driving on rubber tires, the resistance to movement is reduced, and, consequently, the cost of transporting passengers is reduced, and the amount of polluting emissions into the environment is reduced.

For the transportation of passengers, trams of different capacities are used, when scheduling STR 1, time of day, days of the week and other circumstances are taken into account, all trams are used at rush hour, at other times only part of the rolling stock.

Long trams (6-8 wagons) can be made up of short trams (2-4 wagons), they must serve passengers during rush hour, the capacity of the trams must correspond to the actual demand at peak time, at other times shortened trains (2-4 wagons) can run ), the interval during the cruising of the STR is assumed to be constant.

Fare is paid using a cell phone (instead of a plastic card) and a turnstile at the entrance to the OP platform, while the fare is charged to the farthest OP, when leaving the OP at the destination station, the unused part of the money is refunded with the participation of a cellular phone and a turnstile at exit from the platform.

Claims (18)

A transport system containing a tram - a head car with traction motors and several trailer cars controlled from the cab of the head car, with the ability to move at a speed set by the tram driver, taking into account the plan and profile of the track, the traction characteristics of the electric motors, characterized in that at the intersection of roads with tram tracks, two-level interchanges are made, while if the roads intersect at the same level and a tram track is laid along one of them, then it passes under the crossing road in a shallow tunnel, and if tram tracks are laid along both roads, then they pass under intersected roads in shallow tunnels, while tram tracks are laid at the edge of the road, which makes it possible to exclude the intersection of tram tracks with routes of other vehicles; when laying tram tracks along narrow roads in a shallow tunnel, one tram track is laid at each edge of the road, and the reinforced concrete floor above the tunnel is used as a sidewalk or a pedestrian zone, in addition, the edge of the road is made with the possibility of laying two tram tracks; the tram track along its entire length is fenced with a metal or reinforced concrete fence, and passenger platforms, in addition, are protected by canopies; stopping points are carried out on the ground, including using the first floors of buildings, or are located in shallow tunnels, including using the basement floors of buildings; at the final stopping points, the movement is carried out as in the metro - corner races, without tram rings; along the route, each high-speed tram is made with the ability to change the direction of movement to the opposite, for this, between the even and odd tram tracks, a ramp is laid, along which the trams pass in the direction of the wool, to change the direction of movement, the high-speed tram passes and releases the exit arrow, then the exit arrows are transferred and start moving in the opposite direction; low-floor tram cars are used, motor cars are controlled from the cab of the head car, the doors of the cars are located on both sides and are also controlled from the cab of the head car; each high-speed tram at the head and tail has cars with a cab for the driver, these cars are motor cars, they are made with the possibility of placing one or more motor cars or cars without traction engines between them; the depth of the tunnel is made 10-20% more than the height of the car, while instead of a contact wire, current-carrying tires are used, fixed to the ceiling by means of insulators; outside the tunnel, the contact wire is mounted 20-30% lower than the usual contact suspension, since the tram tracks do not cross vehicles and pedestrian crossings; when approaching the stopping point from the odd side, the tram track has a gentle curve and counter rail; the tram track at the stopping point is laid in parallel or in such a way as to exclude the passage of passengers along the rails, for which the distance between the axes of the tracks is reduced to 15-20 cm; to regulate the movement of light rail at the stopping point, where the distance between the axes of the tram tracks is reduced to 15-20 cm, a traffic signal is provided with moon-white and red lights of traffic lights, while the condition of the receiving and departure tracks of the stopping point, the ways of approach and removal, is controlled by the first the stopping point is entered by a high-speed tram, which is closer to the axis of the stopping point; trams of various capacities are used to transport passengers, when scheduling a high-speed tram, the time of day and days of the week are taken into account, all trams are used at rush hour, and only part of the rolling stock is used at other times; long trams are made with the possibility of composing them from short trams, they must serve passengers at rush hour, the capacity of trams must correspond to the actual demand at peak time, the rest of the time shortened high-speed trams are used for running, the interval and time of running of high-speed trams is provided constant; fare is paid with the participation of a cell phone and a turnstile at the entrance to the platform of the stopping point, while fares are charged to the farthest stopping point, when leaving the stopping point at the destination station, the unused part of the money is refunded with the participation of a cell phone and a turnstile at the exit from platforms.

Images