RU2770911C1 - Induction fluid heater - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering. The induction fluid heater includes a three-phase transformer with a ferromagnetic core. Primary winding coils are located on the core rods. The secondary electrically conductive winding is a heat exchanger for the heated fluid, consisting of three chambers for heating the fluid. Each of the chambers is made of external and internal hollow cylinders of different diameters installed concentrically in one another, connected at the top and bottom by end caps to form a chamber for heating the fluid in it. Each of these chambers covers a core rod with a primary winding coil and contains nozzles for the inlet and outlet of the fluid. The coils of the primary winding are connected to a high-voltage alternating current source and are made in the form of a cylinder with ventilation ducts located along the axis of the cylinder between the winding layers and rods located inside the ventilation duct.

EFFECT: increase in the reliability, as well as increase in the efficiency of the induction fluid heater.

13 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to induction-type heaters, which are designed for heating fluids.

A technical solution is known from the prior art, which is an induction fluid heater, including a laminated three-phase core made of ferromagnetic material with a primary winding located on the rods, connected to the AC mains, and a secondary electrically conductive winding, which is a heat exchanger for the heated fluid, with nozzles for inlet and fluid outlet. The heat exchanger consists of three chambers for heating the fluid, each of which is made of two cylinders of different diameters, installed concentrically one inside the other, connected at the top and bottom by end caps to form a sealed hollow chamber for heating the fluid in it, inside which rods with a primary winding, the turns of which are located in a horizontal plane with an air gap to form a closed loop around the corresponding core rod, each chamber has branch pipes for the inlet and outlet of the fluid. Application for a patent of the Russian Federation No. 2006121117, IPC H05V 6/10, publ. 01/10/2008.

Also known is a technical solution chosen as the closest analogue, which is an induction fluid heater, which includes a three-phase transformer with a ferromagnetic core, with a primary winding located on the rods, connected to the AC network, and a secondary electrically conductive winding, which is a heat exchanger for heated fluid medium, consisting of three chambers for heating the fluid medium, each of which is made of two cylinders of different diameters, installed concentrically one inside the other, connected at the top and bottom by end caps to form a sealed hollow chamber for heating the fluid medium in it, inside which rods are installed with primary winding. RF patent No. 2371889, IPC H05V 6/00, publ. October 27, 2009.

Distinctive features of the proposed technical solution are the connection of the primary winding coils to a high-voltage alternating current source, the implementation of the coils in the form of a cylinder with a ventilation channel located along the axis of the cylinder between the layers of the winding, and rods located in the ventilation channel, as well as the presence of two additional cylinders inside each chamber heat exchanger, and the presence of reinforcement of the inner cylinder of the heat exchanger chamber with a steel bar.

The disadvantages of the known devices is their unreliability, as well as relatively low power. This disadvantage can be compensated by increasing the number of installations, which will lead to the need to increase the size of the room for their placement.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is manifested in increasing the reliability of the claimed device, as well as in increasing the efficiency of the induction fluid heater.

The reliability of an induction fluid heater is manifested, in particular, by maintaining its performance, increasing rigidity.

The efficiency of an induction fluid heater is manifested, in particular, by increasing its power factor.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in an induction fluid heater, including a three-phase transformer with a ferromagnetic core, with coils of the primary winding located on the core rods, and a secondary electrically conductive winding, which is a heat exchanger for the heated fluid, consisting of three chambers for heating the fluid, each of which it is made of external and internal hollow cylinders of different diameters, installed concentrically one inside the other, connected at the top and bottom by end caps to form a sealed hollow chamber for heating the fluid in it, each of these chambers enclosing the core rod with the primary winding coil, and contains branch pipes for the inlet and outlet of the fluid, the coils of the primary winding are connected to a high-voltage alternating current source, made in the form of a cylinder with ventilation channels located along the axis of the cylinder between the layers of the winding, and the rods located inside and ventilation duct. Preferably, the coils are made of wire, which is surrounded on all sides by fiberglass. The rods are preferably made of textolite. The fluid induction heater preferably comprises a frame in which the ferromagnetic core, the primary coils and the secondary coil are installed with an air gap. The fluid heating chamber may include two additional cylinders mounted concentrically between the outer and inner cylinders. Reinforcement, preferably in the form of a rod, may be provided on the inside of the inner cylinder of the fluid heating chamber.

The execution of the coils in the form of a cylinder with ventilation channels located along the axis of the cylinder between the layers of the winding makes it possible to blow through all the layers, which is a necessary measure to maintain the heater's performance, since the coils, during operation, can become very hot and fail.

The rods located in the ventilation duct are necessary for separating the winding layers and forming the ventilation duct, as well as fixing the winding layers.

Three hollow hermetic cylindrical chambers, forming a closed loop around the corresponding core rod, equipped with branch pipes for the inlet and outlet of the current medium, ensure uniform natural circulation of the heated medium and high efficiency of the induction heater.

The coils are preferably made of wire, which is surrounded on all sides by fiberglass, which is an electrically insulating material and a good dielectric. In addition, fiberglass is non-toxic, non-explosive, has a low specific gravity. In the design of the heater, it is allowed to replace it with other electrical insulating materials that have similar technical characteristics.

The frame, in which the ferromagnetic core, the primary winding coils and the secondary winding are installed with an air gap, ensures the correct heating of the heat exchangers when the induction field is formed by the coil and the ferromagnetic core.

The fluid heating chamber may include two additional cylinders mounted concentrically between the outer and inner cylinder to improve heat transfer.

Reinforcement of the inner cylinder of the heat exchanger is designed to give it rigidity, and also participates in improving heat transfer. Preferably, the reinforcement is in the form of a rod.

There are several versions of the induction fluid heater, each of which allows you to achieve high performance indicators of the heater.

Preferably, the chamber fluid inlet is located at the bottom of each chamber, the fluid outlet is at the top of each chamber.

According to the first version, the chambers for heating the fluid medium can be interconnected in such a way that the pipeline for supplying the fluid medium to the heating chambers is installed at the bottom of the induction heater, two nozzles for the fluid medium to enter the first and second chambers, respectively, or the third and second chambers for heating are connected parallel to each other to the pipeline, the end of the fluid supply pipeline is connected directly to the third chamber or to the first chamber, respectively, for heating along the flow of fluid medium, the fluid outlet pipeline is installed at the top of the induction heater, the end of the fluid outlet pipeline is connected to the first or to the third chamber for heating, two other nozzles for the outlet of fluid from the heating chambers are connected in parallel to each other to the pipeline.

According to the second embodiment, the fluid heating chambers may not be interconnected, preferably in such a way that the fluid medium supply pipe to the chambers is installed at the bottom of each chamber, the fluid medium outlet pipe is installed at the top of each chamber.

According to the third version, the chambers for heating the fluid medium can be connected to each other in such a way that the pipe for the fluid medium inlet to the heat exchanger is installed in the lower part of the first chamber, the fluid outlet pipe from the first chamber is connected by a pipeline to the inlet pipe of the second chamber, the outlet pipe from the second chamber is connected by a pipeline to the supply pipe of the third chamber, the outlet pipe from the third chamber is installed in the upper part of the third chamber.

The claimed technical solution is further explained with the help of figures, which conditionally represent one of the possible versions of the induction heater for fluid media.

In FIG. 1 shows a frontal projection with a local section of an induction heater for flowing media according to the first embodiment.

In FIG. 2 shows a frontal projection with a local section of the induction heater for flowing media according to the second embodiment.

In FIG. 3 shows a frontal projection with a local section of the induction heater for flowing media according to the third embodiment.

In FIG. 4 shows a top view of the fluid induction heater.

In FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of a ferromagnetic core rod of an induction fluid heater with primary and secondary windings with inlet and outlet nozzles directed in one direction.

In FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of a ferromagnetic core rod of an induction fluid heater with primary and secondary windings with inlet and outlet nozzles directed in different directions.

In FIG. 7 shows a view of the arrangement of coil turns in a horizontal plane.

In FIG. 8 shows a view of the arrangement of coil turns in a vertical plane.

In FIG. 9 shows a ferromagnetic core with coils and a heat exchanger assembly.

In FIG. 10 shows a sectional view of the heat exchanger chamber showing additional cylinders and bar reinforcement.

In FIG. 11 shows a general view of an induction heater with a frame, grate and accessories.

In FIG. 1-11 are shown:

1 - core rods;

2 - primary winding of coils;

3, 4, 5 - chambers of the secondary winding of the coils;

6 - insulation of the primary winding;

7 - cylinder chamber 3, 4 or 5, larger diameter;

8 - cylinder of chamber 3, 4 or 5, of smaller diameter;

10 - nozzles for supplying fluid;

11 - nozzles for the outlet of the current medium;

12 - reinforcement from a bar;

13 - small additional cylinder;

14 - a large additional cylinder;

15 - frame base;

16 - enclosing cage;

17 - channel fan;

18 - air duct;

19 - ventilation grilles;

20 - sheathing sheets.

Next, with reference to the figures, the design of the induction fluid heater is described.

The proposed high-voltage induction fluid heater contains a core of ferromagnetic material with three rods 1, on which coils of the primary winding 2 are wound. Each coil is a winding of a wire of a certain cross section in a certain number of turns. In order to achieve the required heater power, it is necessary, using calculations, to select the correct wire cross-section, diameter and number of turns. The coils are connected to a high voltage AC line. The secondary winding is a heat exchanger, which is made in the form of three sealed hollow cylindrical chambers, the first - 3, the second - 4, the third - 5, for heating the fluid in them, installed around the corresponding core rod 1, connected at the top and bottom by end caps. The diameters of the cylinders, their height and wall thickness are selected using calculations. Between the outer surface of the wall of the chambers 3, 4 or 5 of the heat exchanger and the outer surface of the primary winding 2 there is an air gap. The primary winding 2 is provided with case insulation 6. Sealed cylindrical chambers 3, 4, 5 have the same dimensions, with each chamber being made of two cylinders 7 and 8 of different diameters - larger and smaller, respectively.

The coils are made with ventilation channels located along the axis of the cylinder between the layers of the winding and the rods located between the ventilation channels. Airflow is carried out by means of fans 17.

The coil wire is surrounded on all sides by fiberglass, the rods that are part of the coil and located in the ventilation duct are made of textolite.

Preferably, the fluid induction heater comprises a frame in which the ferromagnetic core, the primary coils 2 and the secondary winding are installed with an air gap. The frame can be a base 15 of a 100×50 rectangular profile pipe, on which an induction heater is installed. The base serves to ensure the stability of the induction heater, as well as to locate auxiliary equipment (fans 17, air ducts 18) and the enclosing cage 16 on it. all sides. Preferably, the cage is sewn from the outside with sheets 20 with ventilation grilles 19 installed, while duct fans 17 are installed inside the cage, which take air from outside the cage and, using special air ducts 18, provide airflow to the coils of the induction heater. Hot air exits the cage through ventilation grilles 19. The enclosing cage has a protective function both for the heater itself and for the attendants. The advantages of this design include: safety for staff, constant autonomous ventilation of the induction heater, regardless of room ventilation, protection of the heater from external factors.

Preferably, the chamber 3, 4 and/or 5 for heating the fluid contains additional cylinders 13, 14 mounted concentrically between the outer and inner cylinders 7 and 8, respectively, and attached to one of them.

Preferably, on the inside of the inner cylinder 8 of the fluid heating chamber 3, 4 and/or 5, a reinforcement 12 is provided, for example in the form of a rod.

The chambers 3, 4, 5 are installed parallel to each other and concentric to the rods 1 with the primary winding 2. The high-voltage induction fluid heater has nozzles 10 for supplying fluid to the chambers 3, 4, 5 for heating, which are installed at the bottom of each chamber, nozzles 11 for the fluid outlet the media are installed at the top of each chamber 3, 4, 5. Branch pipes 10 are installed in the lower cylindrical part of the chambers 3, 4, 5, touching the lower end caps 9 (Fig. 6). Branch pipes 11 are installed in the upper cylindrical part of the chambers 3, 4, 5, touching the upper end caps 9 (Fig. 6).

Branch pipes 10, 11 for supplying and exiting the fluid into the chambers can look in one direction (Fig. 5), or in different directions (Fig. 6), which affects the change in the rate of heating of the coolant.

The rods 1 can be installed so that the turns of the coils of the primary winding 2 are located in a horizontal plane with an air gap for cooling (Fig. 7), or so that the turns of the coils of the primary winding 2 are located in a vertical plane with an air gap for cooling (Fig. 8 ). In other words, the location of the turns of the coil depends on the position of the rods of the ferromagnetic core.

There are three versions of the designs of the induction heater, which differ in the principle of interaction of the chambers 3, 4, 5 with each other.

Option 1: The pipeline for supplying fluid to chambers 3, 4, 5 for heating is installed at the bottom of the induction heater, while two nozzles 10 for fluid inlet, respectively, into the first and second chambers, 3 and 4, or into the third and second chambers , 5 and 4 are connected parallel to each other to the conduit, and the end of the fluid supply conduit is connected directly to the third chamber 5 or to the first chamber 3, respectively, in the direction of the fluid supply. The fluid outlet conduit is installed at the top of the induction heater. The end of the fluid outlet pipeline is connected to the first or third heating chamber, 3 or 5, two other nozzles 11 for fluid outlet from the heating chambers, 4, 3 or 5, are connected in parallel to each other to the pipeline (Fig. 1).

Option 2: The branch pipe 10 for supplying fluid to chambers 3, 4, 5 is installed at the bottom of each chamber 3, 4, 5. The branch pipe 11 for the fluid outlet is installed at the top of each chamber 3, 4, 5. The coolant enters through the lower pipes 10 into chambers 3, 4, 5 of the heat exchanger, is heated by the inner walls of the chambers 3, 4, 5, and exits through the upper pipes 11 of the chambers 3, 4, 5. The three chambers 3, 4, 5 of the high-voltage induction heater are not interconnected and operate autonomously (Fig. 2).

Option 3: The branch pipe 10 for the inlet of fluid into the heat exchanger is installed in the lower part of the first chamber 3. The branch pipe 11 of the outlet of the fluid from the first chamber 3 is connected by a pipeline to the branch pipe 10 of the inlet of the second chamber 4. The branch pipe 11 of the outlet from the second chamber 4 is connected by a pipeline to the branch pipe 10 supply of the third chamber 5. The outlet 11 of the third chamber 5 removes the fluid from the heat exchanger (Fig. 3).

The inventive high-voltage induction fluid heater operates as follows.

After filling the chambers 3, 4, 5 with a heated fluid medium using nozzles 10, the primary winding 2 is connected to a high-voltage AC line using an electromagnetic starter and the required heating temperature is set using a thermostatic control unit.

If an alternating voltage is applied to the ends of the primary winding, i.e. coil 2, then under the action of this voltage, an alternating current will flow through the winding, creating an alternating magnetic flux in the space surrounding the coil. This magnetic flux will penetrate the secondary winding, i.e. heat exchanger chamber 3, 4, 5. As a result, cylinders 7 and 8 and additional cylinders inside the chambers are heated. The heat from the heated surfaces of the cylinders 7 and 8 is transferred to the fluid entering the three sealed chambers 3, 4, 5 through pipes 10 and flowing out through pipes 11.

The claimed induction heater of flowing media can be used for the needs of large industrial facilities, including factories, mines, mines, for the heat supply of entire settlements, residential areas, towns, as well as for technological processes that require a large heat load.

The presented figures, description of the design and use do not exhaust the possible options for execution and do not limit in any way the scope of the claimed technical solution. Other variants of execution and use within the scope of the claimed formula are possible. Depending on the purpose, the induction fluid heater can be made in different sizes, colors and configurations.

Claims (13)

1. An induction fluid heater, comprising a three-phase transformer with a ferromagnetic core, with coils of the primary winding located on the core rods, and a secondary electrically conductive winding, which is a heat exchanger for the heated fluid medium, consisting of three chambers for heating the fluid medium, each of which is made of an external and internal hollow cylinders of different diameters installed concentrically one inside the other, connected at the top and bottom by end caps to form a sealed hollow chamber for heating the fluid in it, each of these chambers enclosing the core rod with the primary winding coil and contains nozzles for inlet and fluid outlet, characterized in that the coils of the primary winding are connected to a high-voltage alternating current source, made in the form of a cylinder with ventilation channels located along the axis of the cylinder between the layers of the winding, and rods located inside the ventilation channel. 2. An induction fluid heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the coils are made of wire, which is surrounded on all sides by fiberglass. 3. An induction fluid heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the coil rods are made of textolite. 4. An induction fluid heater according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a frame in which the ferromagnetic core, the primary winding coils and the secondary winding are installed with an air gap. 5. An induction fluid heater according to claim 1, wherein the fluid heating chamber comprises two additional cylinders mounted concentrically between the outer and inner cylinders. 6. An induction fluid heater according to claim 1, characterized in that reinforcement is provided on the inside of the inner cylinder of the chamber for heating the fluid. 7. An induction fluid heater according to claim 6, characterized in that the reinforcement on the inside of the inner cylinder of the chamber for heating the fluid is made in the form of a rod. 8. An induction fluid heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluid medium supply pipe to the chamber is installed at the bottom of each chamber, the fluid outlet pipe is installed at the top of each chamber. 9. An induction fluid heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluid heating chambers are interconnected. 10. The induction fluid heater according to claim 9, characterized in that the chambers for heating the fluid are interconnected in such a way that the nozzle for the inlet of the fluid into the heat exchanger is installed in the lower part of the first chamber, the nozzle for the outlet of the fluid from the first chamber is connected by a pipeline to the inlet pipe of the second chamber, the outlet pipe from the second chamber is connected by a pipeline to the supply pipe of the third chamber, the outlet pipe from the third chamber is installed in the upper part of the third chamber. 11. The induction fluid heater according to claim 9, characterized in that the pipeline for supplying fluid to the heating chambers is installed at the bottom of the induction heater, two nozzles for inlet of the fluid into the first and second chambers, respectively, or into the third and second heating chambers are connected in parallel to each other to the pipeline, the end of the fluid supply pipeline is connected directly to the third chamber or to the first chamber, respectively, for heating along the fluid supply, the fluid outlet pipeline is installed at the top of the induction heater, the end of the fluid outlet pipeline is connected to the first or third chamber for heating , two other nozzles for the outlet of the fluid medium from the heating chambers are connected in parallel to each other to the pipeline. 12. An induction fluid heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluid heating chambers are not interconnected. 13. An induction fluid heater according to claim 12, characterized in that the chambers for heating the fluid are not connected to each other in such a way that the fluid supply pipe to the chambers is installed at the bottom of each chamber, the fluid outlet pipe is installed at the top of each chamber.

Images