RU2768733C1 - Method of mouldboard ploughing and device for implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device for mouldboard ploughing contains a frame, plough working bodies, hitch and support wheels. Front working body is extended forward, and between it and the second working body there is an auxiliary working body with a shift towards the ploughed field by a distance equal to the ploughing depth. Method of mouldboard ploughing envisages cutting of furrows and rotation of obtained soil layers by rolling into adjacent furrows. At the first working pass of the machine the first furrow is cut wider than the rest ones, and during the following passes the open furrow is cleared of the crumbled soil residues.

EFFECT: improved quality of mouldboard ploughing.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production and agricultural engineering, in particular to methods and tools for plowing the soil.

A known method of moldboard plowing with general-purpose plows that contain one-sided shares and dumps (Klenin N.I. Agricultural machines / N.I. Klenin, S.N. Kiselev, A.G. Levshin. - M .: Ko-loss, 2008 . - S. 16-25). The method of plowing with such plows consists in cutting off layers from the field mass and turning them into an adjacent furrow. All layers are of the same size, have a rectangular cross-section and are wrapped by the rolling method. The method is widespread in all countries.

The disadvantage of this method is the incomplete turnover of the layers. Instead of a rotation angle of 180°, no more than 145° was achieved, as a result of which the plowed field remains with a ridged surface, and not all fallen weed seeds are embedded in the soil to a depth inaccessible for germination. Partial turnover is clear from the flow diagram (Fig. 1). During the first working pass of the plow, a layer is removed from a rectangular furrow 1, deformed and pushed onto the surface of the field, where ridge 1 is formed. it remains in an inclined position. In the theoretical interpretation of the turnover trajectory, it is generally accepted that bed 2 and all the others are deformed little and practically retain their rectangular shape. Layer 3 and all the rest rest on each other and cannot lie on the bottom of the furrow.

A known method of plowing with the turnover of layers in their own furrows (Klenin N.I. Agricultural machines / N.I. Klenin, S.N. Kiselev, A.G. Levshin. - M: KolosS, 2008. - S. 44-45) . From an agrotechnical point of view, this method is much better in that it wraps the layers by 180 °, which is unattainable with other plowing methods.

The disadvantage of this method of plowing lies in its technical execution. The plows used in this case, known as frontal plows, so far have a low technological reliability due to the clogging of the space between the dumps and the plows with soil with increasing plowing depth, especially in weedy fields. Therefore, the method of turning layers into their own furrows is not widely used.

The technical result of the proposed method is to improve the quality of moldboard plowing.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of moldboard plowing, including cutting furrows and turning the resulting soil layers by rolling into adjacent furrows, differs in that during the first working pass of the unit, the first furrow is cut wider than the rest, and during subsequent passes, the open furrow is cleared from crumbling soil residue.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the opposed method of mouldboard plowing, in Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the proposed method of moldboard plowing.

The method is carried out as follows. During the first working pass of the plow, when there is still no open furrow in front of it, its front working body cuts an expanded furrow 1 in the soil (Fig. 2). The soil is displaced to the surface of the field, and a ridge 1 is formed there. The width of this first furrow is sufficient so that the subsequent layer 2 in it can roll over a quarter of a turn and lie freely on its bottom. To do this, the width of the first furrow must be greater than that of the remaining furrows, to the maximum plowing depth characteristic of the plow model used. Models PN-5-35, PLP-6-35, etc. with a working body width of 35 cm plow to a depth of 27 cm, model PN-8-40 with a working body width of 40 cm plows to a depth of 31 cm, and beet plows type PNS-6-45 with a working body width of 45 cm, they plow to a depth of up to 35 cm. When the second layer (layer 2) is turned by 180 °, all other layers will also make a full half-turn, since there will be no overhanging corners of under-turned layers in the furrows. During the next and other working passes of the plow, a wide furrow appears in front of it without layers overhanging it, therefore all cut furrows must be the same. Thus, the surface of the plowed field is leveled, the arable layer of soil is turned over completely, that is, the technical result is achieved.

For moldboard plowing with a full turnover of layers, frontal plows are used, including shares, dumps and plows (Lobachevsky Ya.P. Current state and development trends of tillage machines / Ya.P. Lobachevsky, L.M. Kolchina. - M .: FGNU "Rosin -formagrotech", 2005. - S. 84). Frontal plows turn the layers into their own furrows and realize smooth plowing, as the layers turn 180°.

The disadvantage of frontal plows is that the shape and mutual placement of dumps and plows are designed only for a certain plowing depth. With an increase in depth more than the calculated technological passages for the layers are clogged with soil and plant residues.

A plow for smooth plowing is known, including a frame and disk knives mounted on it, pushers, a double digging body and right and left plow bodies symmetrically located relative to the longitudinal axis of the frame (patent for the invention of the Russian Federation 2342819 A01B 3/28, A01B 3/38). This plow fills all the cut furrows with soil, moving the layers not by rolling, but by moving them with pushers along the field surface.

The disadvantage of the known plow for smooth plowing is that when the layers move transversely over the surface of the field, they are finally destroyed, and the function of turning the arable layer at the plow disappears.

A plow with a complete reversal of the formation is known, including a share-dump body, behind each of which a spring-loaded shield is installed in the continuation of the blade with an angle of attack less than that of the blade (patent for the invention of the Russian Federation 2549776 RF IPC A01B 15/00, A01B 15/10). The well-known plow expands the furrows with flaps, after which the layers turn freely 180 °.

The disadvantage of the known plow with a complete reversal of the layer is that the shields make it difficult to deepen the plow into the soil and require an additional frame beam for their attachment.

The objective of the invention of the device is to implement the proposed method of moldboard plowing.

In the proposed device for moldboard plowing, which includes a frame, plow working bodies, a hitch and support wheels, the front working body is pushed forward, and an auxiliary working body is installed between it and the second working body with a shift towards the plowed field by a distance equal to the plowing depth.

In FIG. 3 shows a device for implementing the claimed method of moldboard plowing, side view. This device is a plow. In FIG. 4 is a vertical view A of the front and auxiliary plow working bodies in FIG. 3, in FIG. 5 is a vertical view B of the same buildings.

The device includes a frame 1, plow working bodies 2, a hitch 3 and support wheels 4. The front working body 5 is fixed with a forward offset in such a way as to place an auxiliary working body 7 between it and the second working body 6. Auxiliary body 7 is fixed on the frame 1 by means of a removable frame 8. It is the same working body with all the others. In relation to the front working body 5, the auxiliary working body 7 is shifted towards the plowed field at a distance equal to the maximum plowing depth provided for this plow model.

The device works as follows. During the first working pass of the arable implement, the field does not yet have an open furrow. All plow working bodies are immersed in the soil to the same depth. The front working body 5 cuts the first furrow and pushes the crumpled layer out of it onto the field surface. The following auxiliary body 7 expands the first furrow by an amount equal to the depth of plowing, and pushes the cut soil also onto the field surface. In sum, these two working bodies push out the layer 1 (Fig. 2) and form a ridge 1. The working body 6 (Fig. 3) cuts a groove 2 (Fig. 2) of the usual size and rolls the layer 2 out of it into a wide furrow 1. In it the layer will turn around 180 ° without interference and will not hang over furrow 2 at an angle. Therefore, the second furrow 2 turned out to be also wide, layer 3 will freely roll and settle in it, and this will continue until the last working body of the plow. After this first working pass of the arable unit, a wide furrow remains on the field, free from the previous layer overhanging it and ready to receive the first layer of the second working pass. But in it, it is possible to accumulate crumbled soil from partially collapsing layers, so the auxiliary working body is not removed from the plow, it remains in its place, but does not cut anything, but goes along an open furrow and clears it from the remnants of crumbled soil.

Thus, during the operation of the proposed device, a smooth plowed field surface is formed with an inverted completely arable layer of soil and, as a result, with an increased quality of work.

Claims (2)

1. A device for moldboard plowing, including a frame, plow working bodies, a hitch and support wheels, characterized in that the front working body is pushed forward, and an auxiliary working body is installed between it and the second working body with a shift towards the plowed field by a distance equal to plowing depth. 2. The method of moldboard plowing, performed by the device according to claim 1, including cutting furrows and turning the resulting soil layers by rolling into adjacent furrows, characterized in that during the first working pass of the unit, the first furrow is cut wider than the rest, and during subsequent passes it is open the furrow is cleared of the remnants of crumbled soil.

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