RU2767048C1 - Wood-polymer composition for composite material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to a wood-polymer composition for a composite material and can be used in construction, automotive industry and machine building. This composition contains: polypropylene, filler — wood wastes, ether of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid and pentaerythritol, polypropylene with content of 1–6 % of grafted maleic anhydride or maleic acid, characterized by the fact that as a filler it contains wood wastes pre-treated with natural Na+-montmorillonite, modified with a quaternary ammonium salt of formula [(RH)2(CH3)2N]+Cl-, where R is the residue of C16-C18hydrogenated fatty acids, and then by the Allzyme Vegpro substance. Composition contains components at the following ratio, wt%: wood wastes — 50; natural Na+-montmorillonite modified with a quaternary ammonium salt [(RH)2(CH3)2N]+Cl-, where R is the residue of hydrogenated fatty acids C16-C18— 5.0; Allzyme Vegpro substance — 0.5; ether of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid and pentaerythritol — 0.1; polypropylene with content of 1–6 % of grafted maleic anhydride or maleic acid — 5.0; polypropylene — balance.EFFECT: increasing tensile strength of the composite material up to 20 %, increasing the modulus of elasticity for tension of up to 50 % and water absorption resistance up to 13 %.1 cl, 2 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to a wood-polymer composition for a composite material and can be used in the field of construction, automotive, mechanical engineering and other industries.

A wood-polymer composition is known, consisting of a binder and a wood filler, in which, as a filler, it contains a wood filler processed in a plasma gas flow in a discharge chamber at a high-frequency generator power of 200-600 W and a vacuum of 100-130 Pa for 250-280 seconds, where air is used as a plasma-forming gas, the flow rate of which is 0.08-0.12 g / s, and before processing the filler in the plasma-forming gas flow, it is processed in a sealed chamber in a flue gas environment at a temperature of 190-200 ° C for 50-60 minutes, and after mixing with a binder, molding and heat treatment are carried out, see RU Patent No. 2464162, IPC B27N 3/18 (2006.01), C08L 97/02 (2006.01), 2012.

The disadvantage of this composition is the high cost of the composite material obtained from it.

Known wood-polymer composition containing wood shavings and waste thermoplastic, which as waste thermoplastic contains waste polypropylene in the following ratio, wt. hours:

wood chips 70-82 polypropylene waste 18-30,

see RU 2056446, IPC6 C08L 97/02, C08L 23/12, 1996.

The disadvantages of the known polymer composition are unsatisfactory performance properties of the composite material, as well as the limited methods of molding the composition.

The closest in technical essence is a wood-polymer composition for a composite material containing polypropylene, additives and filler, pre-treated in a sealed chamber in a flue gas environment at a temperature of 225 ° C for 30 minutes and crushed to particles with a size of 0.08-1 ,16 mm, as additives it contains an ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid and pentaerythritol, polypropylene with a content of 1-6% grafted maleic anhydride or maleic acid, a mixture of fatty acid esters, with the following ratio of components, wt. %:

wood filler 50-80 ether 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid and pentaerythritol 0.1 polypropylene containing 1-6% grafted maleic anhydride or maleic acid 2.0 mixture of fatty acid esters 3.0 polypropylene rest,

see RU Patent 2633547, IPC C08L 23/12(2006.01), C08L 97/02(2006.01), C08K 5/10(2006.01), C08K 5/103(2006.01).

The disadvantages of the known wood-polymer composition for a composite material are insufficient performance properties of the composite material.

The technical problem is to improve the performance properties of the composite material.

монтмориллонитом, модифицированным четвертичной аммониевой солью формулы [(RH)₂(CH₃)2N] ⁺Cl^-, где R - остаток гидрированных жирных кислот C₁₆-C₁₈, а затем веществом «Оллзайм Вегпро», состав содержит компоненты при следующем их соотношении, мас. %:The technical problem of improving the performance properties of a composite material based on the claimed wood-polymer composition is solved by the fact that the wood-polymer composition for a composite material containing polypropylene, the filler is wood waste, ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid and pentaerythritol, polypropylene with a content of 1-6% grafted maleic anhydride or maleic acid, according to the invention, as a filler, it contains wood waste pre-treated with natural

montmorillonite modified with a quaternary ammonium salt of the formula [(RH) ₂ (CH ₃ )2N] ⁺ Cl ^- , where R is the residue of hydrogenated fatty acids C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ , and then with Allzyme Wegpro, the composition contains components in the following ratio , wt. %:

wood waste fifty natural Na ^{+ -} montmorillonite, modified 5.0 quaternary ammonium salt [(RH) ₂ (CH ₃ )2N] ⁺ Cl ^- , where R - residue of hydrogenated fatty acids C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ substance "Allzyme Vegpro" 0.5 ether 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl 0.1 propionic acid and pentaerythritol polypropylene containing 1-6% grafted maleic anhydride or maleic acid 5.0 polypropylene rest,

The solution of the technical problem makes it possible to increase the tensile strength of the composite material up to 20%, increase the tensile modulus up to 50%, and increase the resistance to water absorption up to 13%.

Characteristics of the substances used in the claimed wood-polymer composition for a composite material.

Polypropylene is used as a thermoplastic polymer, for example, grade 4215M (TU 20.16.51-136-05766801-2015) with a melt flow rate of 7.0-10.0 g/10 min, grade 1525J (GOST 2211-136-05766801-2006 ) with a melt flow rate of 2.9-3.5 g/10 min.

Shredded, pre-treated wood waste is used as a filler.

монтмориллонитом, модифицированным четвертичной аммониевой солью (ЧАС) формулы [(RH)₂(CH₃)2N]⁺Cl^-, где R - остаток гидрированных жирных кислот С₁₆-С₁₈, наночастицы которого имеют катионную обменную емкостью (КОЕ) 125 мг-экв/100 г, например торговой марки Cloisite 15А, а затем обрабатывают веществом «Оллзайм Вегпро».Pre-treatment of wood waste is carried out by natural

montmorillonite modified with a quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) of the formula [(RH) ₂ (CH ₃ )2N] ⁺ Cl ^- , where R is the residue of hydrogenated fatty acids C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ , the nanoparticles of which have a cation exchange capacity (CFU) of 125 mg- equiv / 100 g, for example, brand Cloisite 15A, and then treated with Allzyme Vegpro.

The Allzyme Vegpro substance contains protease enzymes with an activity of at least 7500 units/g and cellulase with an activity of at least 45 units/g, which are dried enzymatic extracts obtained by deep cultivation of Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888 (2%), Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 ( 2%), Trichoderma longibrachiatum ATCC 26921 (2%), and filler calcium carbonate (94%).

In the wood-polymer composition for the composite material, additives are used:

- an ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid and pentaerythritol, for example the trade name Irganox 1010;

- polypropylene with a content of 1-6% grafted maleic anhydride or maleic acid, for example, Fusabond P353 or Polybond 3000, or Polybond 3200, or Etaliten PP-g-MAH (1.5%);

For a better understanding of the invention, we give examples of a specific implementation.

Example 1

монтмориллонитом, модифицированным четвертичной аммониевой солью (ЧАС) [(RH)₂(CH₃)2N] ⁺Cl^-, где R - остаток гидрированных жирных кислот С₁₆-С₁₈, наночастицы которого имеют катионную обменную емкостью (КОЕ) 125 мг-экв/100 г, в количестве 5,0 мас. %, а затем веществом «Оллзайм Вегпро» в количестве 0,5 мас. %, а в качестве добавок он содержит эфир 3,5-ди-трет-бутил-4-гидроксифенил пропионовой кислоты и пентаэритрита в количестве 0,1 мас. %, полипропилен с содержанием 1-6% привитого малеинового ангидрида или малеиновой кислоты в количестве 5,0 мас. %, состав содержит компоненты при следующем их соотношении, мас. %:The wood-polymer composition for a composite material is obtained by mixing 4215M grade polypropylene in an extruder in an amount of 39.4 wt. %, wood filler and additives. As a wood filler, it contains crushed wood waste in the amount of 50 wt. % pretreated with natural

montmorillonite modified with quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) [(RH) ₂ (CH ₃ )2N] ⁺ Cl ^- , where R is the residue of hydrogenated fatty acids C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ , whose nanoparticles have a cation exchange capacity (CFU) of 125 mg-eq /100 g, in the amount of 5.0 wt. %, and then the Allzyme Vegpro substance in the amount of 0.5 wt. %, and as additives it contains an ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid and pentaerythritol in an amount of 0.1 wt. %, polypropylene containing 1-6% grafted maleic anhydride or maleic acid in the amount of 5.0 wt. %, the composition contains components in the following ratio, wt. %:

Example 2 is similar to example 1, the difference is that the composition contains 1525J grade polypropylene as polypropylene.

монтмориллонитом, модифицированным четвертичной аммониевой солью формулы [(RH)₂(CH₃)2N] ⁺Cl^-, где R - остаток гидрированных жирных кислот C₁₆-C₁₈, наночастицы которого имеют катионную обменную емкостью (КОЕ) 125 мг-экв/100 г.Example 3 is similar to example 1 and 2, the difference is that wood waste is pre-treated only with natural

montmorillonite modified with a quaternary ammonium salt of the formula [(RH) ₂ (CH ₃ )2N] ⁺ Cl ^- , where R is the residue of hydrogenated fatty acids C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ , whose nanoparticles have a cation exchange capacity (CFU) of 125 meq/100 G.

монтмориллонитом, модифицированным четвертичной аммониевой солью формулы [(RH)₂(CH₃)2N] ⁺Cl^-, где R - остаток гидрированных жирных кислот C₁₆-C₁₈ в количестве 5,0 мас. %, в качестве добавок он содержит эфир 3,5-ди-трет-бутил-4-гидроксифенил пропионовой кислоты и пентаэритрита в количестве 0,1 мас. %, полипропилен с содержанием 1-6% привитого малеинового ангидрида или малеиновой кислоты в количестве 5,0 мас. %, состав содержит компоненты при следующем их соотношении, мас. %:The wood-polymer composition for a composite material is obtained by mixing 4215M grade polypropylene in an extruder in an amount of 39.9 wt. %, wood filler and additives. As a wood filler, it contains crushed wood waste, pre-treated with natural

montmorillonite modified with a quaternary ammonium salt of the formula [(RH) ₂ (CH ₃ )2N] ⁺ Cl ^- , where R is the residue of hydrogenated fatty acids C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ in the amount of 5.0 wt. %, as additives it contains an ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid and pentaerythritol in the amount of 0.1 wt. %, polypropylene containing 1-6% grafted maleic anhydride or maleic acid in the amount of 5.0 wt. %, the composition contains components in the following ratio, wt. %:

The composite material obtained on the basis of the claimed wood-polymer composition, according to examples 1-3, is obtained in the form of granules, and can be processed into a product by extrusion, injection molding or pressing, which can then be transported for further intended use. It is also possible to combine the process of obtaining granules from the claimed composition and molding it into the final product.

Tests of samples of composite material, obtained by examples of a specific implementation 1-3, performed in accordance with the relevant GOST. Samples were tested on a universal 2-column testing machine Gotech Testing Machine UA1 - 7000M (Taiwan) at a temperature of 23 ± 2°C and a strain rate of 5.0 mm/min: to determine the tensile strength according to GOST 11262-80, the strength at bending according to GOST 4648-2014, strain rate 1 mm/min to determine the modulus of elasticity according to GOST 9550-81.

To determine the impact strength index of the composite material, the Charpy method was used with a pendulum impact tester of the UGT-7045-MOG brand (Taiwan) with an impact energy of 2.75 J, a pendulum velocity of 3.46 m/s, an angle of incidence of 150°, and a resolution of 0.01 J. The test was carried out in accordance with GOST 4647-2015.

The measurement of the water absorption of the composite material consisted in assessing the change in the weight of the sample in % after soaking in boiling water for 2 hours. Test modes and measurement method were carried out in accordance with GOST 9590.

To determine the density of the composite material, a new generation H-200L automatic density meter with a super-high resolution (0.0001 g/cm ³ ) based on a sensitive analytical balance Sartorius (Germany) was used. The measurement principle is hydrostatic weighing. The specific gravity was determined as the ratio of the weight of the material volume to the weight of the equivalent volume of water at room temperature, according to GOST 15139-69.

The hardness was measured according to Shore (D scale) using a Hildebrand OS-2 hardness tester (Germany), according to GOST 24621-2015.

The composition and properties of examples of specific performance 1-3 are summarized in tables 1 and 2, respectively.

As can be seen from the examples of a specific implementation, the solution of the technical problem in comparison with the prototype allows you to increase the tensile strength of the composite material up to 20%, increase the tensile modulus up to 50%, increase the resistance to water absorption up to 13%.

Claims (2)

Wood-polymer composition for a composite material containing polypropylene, filler - wood waste, ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid and pentaerythritol, polypropylene with a content of 1-6% grafted maleic anhydride or maleic acid, different the fact that as a filler it contains wood waste, pre-treated with natural Na ^{+ -} montmorillonite, modified with a quaternary ammonium salt of the formula [(RN) ₂ (CH ₃ ) ₂ N] ⁺ Cl ^- , where R is the residue of hydrogenated fatty acids C ₁₆ - With ₁₈ , and then with the Allzyme Vegpro substance, the composition contains components in the following ratio, wt. %: wood waste fifty natural Na ^{+ -} montmorillonite modified with a quaternary ammonium salt [(RN) ₂ (CH ₃ ) ₂ N] ⁺ Cl ^- , where R is the residue of hydrogenated fatty acids C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ 5.0 substance "Allzyme Vegpro" 0.5 ether 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl
propionic acid and pentaerythritol 0.1 polypropylene containing 1-6% grafted maleic anhydride or maleic acid 5.0 polypropylene rest.