RU2762658C1 - Large diameter well construction device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the mining industry, in particular to devices for the construction of large-diameter wells in underground mining of mineral deposits. The device includes a rock cutting tool with working bodies in the form of hammer rotors, equipped with separate drives installed on at least two consoles of the frame, equipped with a centering device directed into the pilot borehole, mounted on a hollow drive shaft rigidly connected to the frame. Each hammer rotor contains separate units, including a hub equipped with at least two hammers freely swinging on axles. Each hammer rotor is assembled with a turn of each subsequent separate unit relative to the adjacent previous separate unit by an angle equal to half the angle between the hammers in one separate unit. The hub is made with hammer swing limiters so that the front cutting edge of each hammer, under the action of centrifugal force, takes a position on the radius of the hub.

EFFECT: increasing efficiency due to the nodal assembly of hammer rotors, which ensures their different lengths for the construction of wells of the required diameter and reduced dynamic loads on the bearing supports, as well as due to the power fixation of the rotating hammers in the most favorable position before each subsequent breaking of the rock.

4 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to the mining industry, namely, to devices for the construction of large-diameter wells in the underground mining of mineral deposits.

Known head for rotary drilling of rising workings in the rock under the patent RU No. 2707217, E21B 7/28, E21B 10/26, E21D 3/00, publ. 11/25/2019 in bul. No. 33, comprising a housing mounted on a drive shaft and having a mounting surface extending radially outward from the shaft, a plurality of supports located on the mounting surface for rotationally mounting corresponding cones on the housing. Moreover, it contains at least one guide block attached to the body with a protrusion from the mounting surface in a position near the support or at a distance from it, and the guide block has at least one guide surface exposed crossing the mounting surface to facilitate the movement of drilled material from mounting surface, while the guide block is made separate from the supports and is not formed in one piece with them.

The general features of an analogue with the claimed technical solution are: a housing mounted on the drive shaft, acting as a centering device inserted into the pilot well, and having a mounting surface that runs perpendicular to the drive shaft, supports located on the mounting surface for rotationally mounting the corresponding rock-cutting tools - cones, providing drilling of a pilot well by driving from the lower horizon towards the upper horizon.

The disadvantage of this head, equipped with a large number of cones for rotary static drilling of rising workings in the rock, is that it has a large mass and to lift it, press it against the bottom and rotate it requires drilling equipment with high power and, therefore, high energy consumption. In this case, the cutters are clogged with destroyed rock particles, which reduces the speed of drilling the pilot well and requires an increase in the pressing force of the head to the bottomhole, this leads to even greater energy consumption and a decrease in efficiency.

The closest in technical essence and set of essential features is a device for the construction of large-diameter wells, which implements the method of construction of large-diameter wells according to the patent RU No. 2709863, E21C 27/22, E21D 3/00, E21C 25/16, publ. 12/23/2019 in bul. No. 36, containing a rock cutting tool installed in the lower part of the drill string and equipped with a centering device directed into the pilot borehole, while using a rock cutting tool in the form of at least two blocks of movable elements equipped with separate motors to rotate the shafts of said movable elements, and movable elements are made in the form of hammer rotors.

The general features of the prototype with the claimed technical solution are: a rock cutting tool with working bodies in the form of hammer rotors, equipped with separate drives and installed on at least two frame consoles equipped with a centering device directed into the pilot well.

The main disadvantage of the known device for the construction of large-diameter wells is that the description does not make it clear its structural scheme, primarily the rock-cutting tool and its location inside the well being constructed. The end hammers of the rotors, which are supposed to form the lateral surface of the well being constructed, cannot physically do this, since the cutting edges of the rotating hammers do not geometrically touch it. The rotor hammers are freely suspended on the axles and during rock breaking will deviate from the radius of the rotating hammer rotor. The centrifugal forces tend to stretch them along the radius, however, under the action of the moment of forces, this leads to the swinging of the hammers, and it is not determined which edge of it will be used for subsequent breaking. When striking with the trailing edge of the hammer, the destruction of the rock material will be ineffective. In addition, this will cause shock loads on the hammer suspension axles, which will be transferred to the bearing arrangements of the hammer rotor and create vibration loads on the device. This will lead to a decrease in the service life of individual parts of the rock cutting tool, which will reduce its overhaul period and, therefore, significantly reduce the efficiency of the device.

The problem lies in the creation of a workable effective device for the construction of large-diameter wells, using hammer rotors as a rock cutting tool, due to their nodal assembly, which ensures their different lengths for the construction of wells of the required diameter and reduced dynamic loads on bearing supports, as well as due to power fixation rotating hammers in the most favorable position before each subsequent breaking of the rock.

The solution to the problem is achieved by the fact that in a device for the construction of large-diameter wells, including a rock cutting tool with working bodies in the form of hammer rotors, equipped with separate drives and installed on at least two consoles of a frame equipped with a centering device directed into the pilot well, according to the technical solution, the centering device is mounted on a hollow drive shaft rigidly connected to the frame, while each hammer rotor contains separate units, including a hub equipped with at least two hammers freely swinging on the axes, and the individual units of each hammer rotor are assembled with a turn of each subsequent individual unit relative to the previous separate unit adjacent to it by an angle equal to half the angle between the hammers in one separate unit, while the hub is made with hammer swing limiters so that the front cutting edge of each hammer under the action of centrifugal force takes n Position on the radius of the hub.

The proposed technical solution makes it possible to practically implement an effective method for constructing large-diameter wells in the development and production of minerals, in which hammer rotors with reduced dynamic loads on bearing supports are used as a rock cutting tool. Moreover, the hammers, before striking the rock mass, occupy an optimal fixed position and are hammered only by the front cutting edges, which also reduces the dynamic loads on the mating parts.

Assembling the hammer rotor from separate assemblies simplifies manufacturing and maintenance. In addition, it allows, by adding or reducing the number of individual units, to change the length of the hammer rotor, thereby constructing a well of the required diameter. This expands the technological capabilities of the device, significantly increasing its efficiency.

The turn, when assembling the hammer rotor, of each subsequent separate unit relative to the adjacent previous separate unit at an angle equal to half the angle between the hammers in one separate unit, positions the hammers in a staggered manner, which helps to reduce the magnitude of the dynamic loads on the bearing supports of the hammer rotor that arise at the moment each hammer strikes the rock mass in the form of a reactive force on the suspension axis, as well as due to the appearance of an imbalance associated with the displacement of the centers of mass of individual nodes from the axis of rotation of the hammer rotor, caused by the rebound of the hammers and turning them at a certain angle after breaking the rock breed. This increases the overhaul period of the device and, consequently, increases its reliability and efficiency.

The hub is made with hammer swing limiters so that the front cutting edge of each hammer, under the action of centrifugal force, takes a position on the radius of the hub. Centrifugal forces acting on the centers of mass rotating and deflected after striking the rock with hammers create moments of force that constantly tend to press them against the swing limiters, thereby ensuring the most favorable position of the hammers before applying subsequent blows to the rock mass only by the front cutting edges, which significantly reduces the dynamic loads on the hammer suspension axles and, consequently, the bearing arrangements of the hammer rotor. It also improves reliability and efficiency.

It is advisable to displace the frame consoles parallel to the radius of the well under construction in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the hollow drive shaft and symmetrically to the axis of the hollow drive shaft. Hammer rotors are mounted on the consoles, i.e. in essence, they are displaced in such a way that the hammers at one end of each hammer rotor touch the lateral surface of the pilot well, and at the other end the hammers form the lateral surface of the large diameter well under construction and the protruding elements of the end separate unit with the tie heads do not come into contact with the bottom and do not interfere breaking the rock mass. Thus, the displacement of the hammer rotors relative to the radius of the well being constructed ensures the unhindered formation of the lateral surface of a large diameter well.

It is advisable to rotate each hammer rotor using an air motor suspended from the frame using a bracket equipped with a power shaft with a drive transmission drive link, while adapting a drill string, a hollow drive shaft and a sleeve to supply compressed air to the pneumatic motor. The operation of a device for the construction of large-diameter wells, equipped with hammer rotors, each having a separate drive from pneumatic motors, which provide them with a rotational - main movement, leads to the accumulation of kinetic energy by hammers, which is spent on impact, the least energy-intensive rock breaking. This allows the use of drilling equipment with a small power, sufficient to lift the rock cutting tool to the bottom, without pressing efforts to feed to the bottom and ensure its rotation by the drill string - an auxiliary rolling motion. This significantly reduces the energy parameters of the entire drilling rig, i.e. increases the efficiency and reliability of the device while reducing its cost.

It is advisable to make the hammers forming the lateral surface of the well under construction with a large diameter L-shaped. L-shaped protrusions on hammers when breaking rock at the bottom and forming the lateral surface of the well being constructed exclude the contact of the heads of the hammer rotor screeds with the rock mass and make it possible to construct a large-diameter well without hindrance.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by an example of a specific implementation of a device for the construction of large-diameter wells and the drawings of FIG. 1-7. FIG. 1 shows a device for the construction of large-diameter wells in working position; in fig. 2 - view A in fig. 1 zoomed in and rotated; in fig. 3 - view B in fig. 2 on an enlarged scale; in fig. 4 - section A-a in fig. 2 on an enlarged scale; in fig. 5 - section B-B in fig. 4 rotated; in fig. 6 - remote elementI in fig. 1 on an enlarged scale with a section; in fig. 7 - section V - V in fig. 6. The circular arrows around the vertical axis in FIG. 1 and 2 show the direction of rotation of the drill string - running-in movement; the straight arrow in FIG. 1 shows the supply of the device to the bottom; circular arrows around the horizontal axes in FIG. Figures 1, 3, 4 and 7 show the rotary - main movement of the hammer rotors.

The device for the construction of large-diameter wells (hereinafter referred to as the device) includes a rock cutting tool with working bodies in the form of hammer rotors 1 (Fig. 1 and 2), equipped with separate drives and installed bearing supports 2, 3 on at least two consoles 4 (Fig. 1 - 4) of the frame 5, the centering device 6 (Fig. 1 - 3) directed into the pilot borehole 7 (Fig. 1), mounted on the hollow drive shaft 8 (Fig. 1, 3), rigidly connected to the frame 5. Each hammer rotor 1 is assembled from separate units 9 (Figs. 1 and 2), including a hub 10 equipped with at least two hammers 12 freely swinging on axes 11 (Figs. 3, 4 - 6). Separate units 9, two bearing supports 2 and 3 (Fig. 1, 2) and driven link 13 (Fig. 6, 7) drive transmission of each hammer rotor 1 are assembled using centering bushings 14 and ties 15 (Fig. 4 - 7) ... Moreover, each hammer rotor 1 (Fig. 1 and 2) is assembled with a turn of each subsequent separate unit 9 relative to the adjacent previous separate unit 9 at an angle equal to half the angle between hammers 12 (Figs. 3, 4 - 6) in one separate unit 9. The hub 10 is made with limiters 16 of the swing of the hammers 12 (Fig. 4) so that the front cutting edge 17 (Fig. 3, 4) of each hammer 12, under the action of centrifugal force, takes a position on the radius of the hub 10.

The consoles 4 of the frame 5 are displaced parallel to the radius of the well under construction 18 in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the hollow drive shaft 6, and symmetrically to the axis of the hollow drive shaft 6 (Figs. 1 and 2).

The rotation of each hammer rotor 1 is carried out by an air motor 19 suspended from the frame 5 by means of a bracket 20 (Figs. 1, 3 and 6), equipped with a power shaft 21 (Fig. 6) with a leading link 22 of the drive transmission (Figs. 6 and 7), connected by a chain 23 with a driven link 13 of the drive transmission, and the drive transmission is protected by a sealed casing made of two parts 24 and 25 (Figs. 1, 2 and 7). In this case, a drill string 26, a hollow drive shaft 8 and a sleeve 27 are adapted to supply compressed air to the pneumatic motor 19 (Figs. 1 and 3).

Hammers 28, forming the lateral surface 29 of the well under construction 18 of large diameter (Fig. 1 and 2), are made L-shaped. Moreover, the hammers 28, like the hammers 12 (Fig. 3), under the action of centrifugal forces are pressed against the limiters 16 (Fig. 4) of the swing of the hammers 28 and their front cutting edges 17 (Fig. 3) occupy a position at the radius of the hub 10.

The device works as follows.

The device is placed in the transport and sorting workings under the previously drilled pilot borehole 7 and the drill string 26 is screwed to the hollow drive shaft 8 (Figs. 1 and 3). The drill string 26 together with the device is raised to the upper boundary of the transport and sorting workings, the centering device 6 is directed into the pilot borehole 7, which prevents the displacement of the large diameter well under construction from the projected trajectory. Then, through the drill string 26, the hollow drive shaft 8 and the sleeves 27, compressed air is supplied to each pneumatic motor 19 (Fig. 1), the output shaft (not indicated) of which rotates the power shaft 21 of the bracket 20 (Fig. 6). Further, by means of each drive transmission, including the driving link 22, the chain 23 and the driven link 13, the hammer rotors 1 (Figs. 1, 2) receive a rotary motion - the main motion. Hammers 12 and 28 (Fig. 3 and 4), under the action of moments of forces created by centrifugal forces (not shown), are pressed against the swing limiters 16 of these hammers and all the leading edges 17 of hammers 12 and 28 (Fig. 3, 4) occupy a position on radius of hubs 10. Hammer rotors 1 are ready for rock breaking. On the drilling rig (not shown), the rotation of the drill string 26 (Fig. 1) is turned on, which sets the auxiliary movement - the movement of the rock cutting tool rolling, then the lifting of the drill string 26 is switched on - the movement of the feed to the bottom. Hammer rotors 1, which have a rotary - the main movement and an auxiliary - the running-in movement (Fig. 1), by the feed movement to the bottom are brought to the upper boundary of the transport-sorting workings and all the hammers 12 and 28, which have a reserve of kinetic energy, break the rock mass by blows from the front cutting edge 17 (Fig. 3) of all hammers 12 and 28, a well 18 of large diameter is constructed (Fig. 1). In this case, hammer rotors 1, mounted on consoles 4 (Fig. 1 and 2), displaced parallel to the radius of the well under construction 18 in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the hollow drive shaft 6 and symmetrically to the axis of the hollow drive shaft 6, with hammers 12 at one end destroy the lateral surface pilot borehole 7, and at the second end L-shaped hammers 28 form the side surface 29 of the well under construction 18 of large diameter and the protruding elements of the end separate unit 9 with tie heads do not come into contact with the bottom and do not interfere with the breaking of the rock mass. Thus, the displacement of the hammer rotors 1 relative to the radius of the well under construction 18 ensures the unimpeded formation of the lateral surface 29 of the well 18 of large diameter. After drilling out the pilot well 7 to the required height, the device is lowered down and moved to a new position in the transport and sorting tunnel.

Further, the cycle of equipment operation is repeated.

Thus, using the proposed device, equipped with the least energy-intensive wide-cut rock cutting tool of impact action - hammer rotors 1, equipped with separate pneumatic motors 19, providing rotary - the main movement of hammer rotors 1, assembled from separate units 9, allows the use of low-power drilling equipment and implement an effective method of construction wells 18 of large diameter of the required size in rocks of various strengths in underground mining.

Claims (4)

1. A device for constructing large-diameter wells, including a rock cutting tool with working bodies in the form of hammer rotors, equipped with separate drives and installed on at least two consoles of a frame equipped with a centering device directed into a pilot well, characterized in that the centering device is mounted on a hollow drive shaft rigidly connected to the frame, while each hammer rotor contains separate units, including a hub equipped with at least two hammers freely swinging on the axes, and each hammer rotor is assembled with a turn of each subsequent separate unit relative to the adjacent previous separate unit knot by an angle equal to half the angle between the hammers in one separate unit, while the hub is made with hammer swing limiters so that the front cutting edge of each hammer under the action of centrifugal force takes a position on the radius of the hub. 2. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the frame consoles are displaced parallel to the radius of the well being constructed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the hollow drive shaft, and symmetrically to the axis of the hollow drive shaft. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that an air motor is used to rotate each hammer rotor, which is suspended from the frame by means of a bracket equipped with a power shaft with a driving link of the drive transmission; shaft and sleeve. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hammers forming the lateral surface of the well under construction of large diameter are made L-shaped.

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