RU2762322C1 - Explosive apparatus for dynamic loading - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of blasting, namely, to small-sized loading apparatuses, and is intended for forming an explosive wave of a predetermined shape in a charge of an explosive substance (explosive) by synchronous detonation thereof with a minimum diversity by means of multipoint initiation. The explosive apparatus for dynamic loading comprises a main explosive charge, made multi-layered and in contact with an inert plate made of a material, the speed of passage of the shock wave wherein is less than the speed of detonation of the main charge explosive, the main charge initiation unit including a matrix with an intermediate charge of the explosive substance and a means of initiation thereof, a sublayer of the explosive substance with the thickness h, installed on the output surface of the initiation unit. A multipoint initiation former is used as the main charge initiation unit, wherein the matrix is made multi-layered, and the intermediate charge is made in the form of a network of detonation channels laid in all layers of the matrix of the initiation unit and branching. The branches of the end sections of the channels come to the surface of the explosive sublayer. The apparatus is equipped with a separator adjacent to the explosive sublayer and made in the form of an inert substance layer with a thickness Δ mm, determined from a ratio. The end sections of the detonation channels extend along the layers of the matrix of the initiation unit, and the amount thereof is the same on each layer. The layers of the matrix are arranged perpendicular to the main charge. The side surface of the main charge is made expanding in the direction of detonation propagation.EFFECT: increase in the efficiency of operation due to the maximum decrease in the load diversity - the asymmetry of the surface of the detonation front formed in the main charge and due to elimination of the "cutting" impact on the loaded object of detonation of the main charge along the projection line of the side surface thereof.2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of blasting operations, namely to small-sized loading devices, and is intended to form a blast wave of a given shape in an explosive charge (HE) by means of its synchronous (with minimum timing difference) detonation by means of multipoint initiation.

Known technical solution, described in US patent No. 3742859, F42D 1/00, 1973, containing the main explosive charge and the unit for its initiation, while the main charge is made multilayer and different in chemical composition. The composition of the layers is selected in such a way that the flow of explosion products from a less powerful explosive follows the flow of explosion products of a more powerful explosive.

The disadvantage of the known device is the technological complexity of manufacturing associated with the implementation of the main charge from explosives of different chemical composition, which requires the separation of the equipment process in time and in different areas.

Another explosive device for dynamic loading is known (Russian patent No. 2113703, IPC: G01N 3/30, publication date 06/20/98). The known device includes a main explosive charge, made multi-layer, a striker and a unit for initiating the main charge. A set of layers of explosives of a fixed chemical composition are placed with decreasing density towards the loaded object. The striker and the initiation unit are placed on opposite sides of the main charge. The initiation device is a matrix with an intermediate charge of explosives and a means for initiating an intermediate charge. The intermediate explosive charge is a detonation channel, and the matrix is a foam disc. Thus, with the help of the initiation device, the process of single-point initiation of the main explosive charge is carried out. The striker is a steel plate adjacent to the main explosive charge. A detonator cap is used as a means of initiating an intermediate explosive charge.

The disadvantage of the known device is that the front of the blast wave in the main charge of the explosive, formed by means of single-point initiation, has a large area of lateral unloading, and as a consequence of this, the accelerated striker has a plane-parallel section only in the center, its edges are bent, which subsequently leads to loading of the investigated object by a shock wave, the shape of which differs from plane-parallel and complicates the numerical simulation of the process under study.

The closest and selected as a prototype is an explosive device for dynamic loading, described in RF patent No. 2383880, IPC G01N 3/30, F42B 1/00, F42D 3/00, publ. 03/10/2010 The considered device contains the main charge of an explosive (HE), which is made multilayer and in contact with an inert plate of material, the velocity of the shock wave in which is less than the detonation velocity of the explosive of the main charge, a node for initiating the main charge, including a matrix with an intermediate charge explosive and its initiation means, an explosive sublayer of thickness h, installed on the output surface of the initiation unit, and a multipoint initiation former is used as the initiation unit of the main charge, in which the matrix is made of multilayer, and the intermediate charge is made in the form of a network of detonation channels passing through along all layers of the matrix of the initiation unit and having branches, and the branches of the end sections of the channels come out to the surface of the sublayer from the explosive.

The disadvantages of the known device include:

- the difference in timing of the initiation unit operation due to the difficulty of ensuring the equal length of detonation paths with a large number of detonation channel sections passing through all layers of the matrix;

- the difficulty in ensuring and controlling the density of the equipment, the absence of gaps and inclusions in the explosives in the sections of the detonation channels passing through the layers of the matrix. The presence of gaps, inclusions introduces delays in the transmission of detonation, and as a result, increases the time difference between its output in the detonation channels;

- increased destructive (blasting) effect of the device on the loaded object along the periphery of the charge.

The object of the invention is to improve the operational capabilities, namely, the efficiency of operation, safety and reliability of the device.

The technical result of the claimed device consists in increasing the efficiency of its operation, due to the limiting reduction of the difference in timing (asymmetry) of the surface of the detonation front formed in the main charge and due to the elimination of the "cutting" effect on the loaded object of the detonation of the main charge along the projection line of its lateral surface.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that an explosive device for dynamic loading, containing the main charge of an explosive substance (HE), which is made multi-layer and in contact with an inert plate of material, the velocity of the shock wave in which is less than the detonation velocity of the main charge explosive, the node for initiating the main charge , including a matrix with an intermediate charge of an explosive and a means of its initiation, a sublayer of an explosive of thickness h, installed on the output surface of the initiation unit, and a multipoint initiation former is used as a unit for initiating the main charge, in which the matrix is made of multilayer, and the intermediate charge is made in the form of a network of detonation channels passing through all layers of the matrix of the initiation unit and having branches, moreover, the branches of the end sections of the channels exit to the surface of the sublayer from the explosive, according to the invention, is equipped with a separator adjacent to the sublayer from explosives and made in the form of a layer of an inert substance with a thickness of Δ (mm) determined from the relation

Δ≥Δ _s

where Δ _z is the blocking layer of the separator, with through holes filled with explosives located with a pitch l (mm) determined from the relation

l = 0.5L,

where L is the pitch of the network of outlet grooves of the channels of branches of the end sections of the multipoint initiation former, emerging on the surface of the sublayer from the explosive, and made symmetrically with respect to these grooves, while the diameter d (mm) of these holes is determined from the condition

d≥3.5 d _{cr ,}

whered _cr - critical diameter of explosive detonation (mm),

and the second sublayer of explosives with a thickness H (mm), determined from the condition

l≥H≥l / 2,

where l is the pitch of the holes in the separator (mm),

in this case, the thickness h (mm) of the first sublayer of explosives is determined from the relation

h≥3.5d _cr ,

where d _cr - critical diameter of explosive detonation (mm),

and the end sections of the detonation channels run along the layers of the matrix of the initiation unit and their number is the same on each layer, while the layers of the matrix are located perpendicular to the main charge.

In addition, in order to eliminate the cutting effect of the device on the loaded object at the periphery of the main charge, the lateral surface of the latter is made with expansion in the direction of propagation of detonation.

The analysis of the state of the art carried out by the applicant, including a search for patent and scientific and technical sources of information and the identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, made it possible to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all essential features of the claimed invention, but the definition from the list identified analogs of the prototype, as the closest analogue in terms of the totality of features, made it possible to identify a set of significant in relation to the technical result perceived by the applicant of the distinctive features in the claimed object set forth in the claims.

Consequently, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "novelty" under the current legislation.

To verify the compliance of the claimed invention with the condition of the inventive step, the applicant conducted an additional search for known solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the prototype of the claimed invention, the results of which show that the claimed invention does not follow for a specialist explicitly from the prior art.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated in the drawings, where

in fig. 1 shows the design of the claimed device in front view, aligned with the frontal section made along the side surface of the plate;

in fig. 2 is a schematic top view.

The following items have been introduced in the drawing:

1 - the main explosive charge;

2 - the first layer of the main explosive charge;

3 - inert plate;

4 - intermediate explosive charge;

5 - multilayer matrix;

6 - the first sublayer of explosives;

7 - separator;

8 - the second sublayer of explosives;

9 - means for initiating an intermediate explosive charge;

10 - mounting plates;

11 - hole in the separator.

The device consists (see Fig. 1) of a two-layer main cylindrical charge of explosive 1, the second layer of the main charge of explosive 1, is a block of explosive; the first layer 2 of the explosive charge is in contact with the inert plate 3 - the unit for initiating the main charge of explosive 1, which is a multipoint initiation former with an intermediate explosive charge 4 made of plastic explosive in the form of a network of detonation channels, which has a common inlet section and end sections, a separator 7 with holes 11, the second sublayer of explosives 8, means for initiating an intermediate charge 9.

The network of detonation channels is placed in a multilayer matrix 5, the first sublayer of explosives 6, the matrix layers are assembled together with the fastening plates 10 into a package and tightened with screws and nuts. The channels of the common entrance section are combined into a common starting point of initiation, detonation-associated with the initiation means 9 of the intermediate charge of explosive 4.

The minimum thickness of the first sublayer of explosive 6 h (see Fig. 1, view A) is chosen experimentally from the condition of ensuring reliable transmission of detonation along the sublayer of explosive 6 in order to initiate explosives in the holes 11 of the separator 7. Selection of the thickness of the second sublayer from explosive 8 from the above condition is associated with the need to optimally reduce the amount of unreacted explosives in the sublayer of explosives 8 at the time the detonation fronts reach the blast waves initiated by the explosive in the holes 11 of the separator 7, the boundary with the inert plate 3 separating the sublayer of explosives 8 from the main charge 1. It has been experimentally revealed that The above condition is optimal and a further increase in the thickness of the sublayer of BB 8, which exceeds the distance between adjacent holes 11 in the separator 7, is impractical due to the increase in size.

The minimum thickness of the separator 7 Δ (see Fig. 1, view A) is determined experimentally in order to exclude the transfer of detonation directly through the layer of inert substance of the separator 7 to the second sublayer of explosives 8.

The execution of holes 11 in the separator 7 with a certain minimum diameter d (see Fig. 1, view A) was selected experimentally from the condition of ensuring reliable passage of the detonation pulse through the explosive in the holes 11 of the separator 7.

(см. фиг. 1 вид А) выбрано с целью увеличения количества инициирующих импульсов, передаваемых во второй подслой из ВВ 8 с обеспечением их равномерности распределения по поверхности подслоя и симметричности относительно выходных пазов каналов ответвлений концевых участков формирователя многоточечного инициирования, выходящих на поверхность первого подслоя из ВВ 6.Making holes 11 in a separator 7 with a pitch

(see Fig. 1, view A) is selected in order to increase the number of initiating pulses transmitted in the second sublayer from BB 8 to ensure their uniform distribution over the surface of the sublayer and symmetry with respect to the outlet slots of the channels of branches of the end sections of the multipoint initiation former emerging on the surface of the first sublayer from BB 6.

The first layer 2 of the main charge 1, adjacent to the inert plate 3, is made of explosives, firstly, with a sensitivity sufficient to fully detonate from a pulse coming out of the inert plate 3, and, secondly, with a power sufficient for full activation of the second layer of the main charge 1. The thickness of the first layer 2 is also selected so that it is sufficient for reliable activation of the second layer of the main charge 1.

The layers of the matrix 5 in the claimed device are located perpendicular to the main charge 1 (see Fig. 1). This is due to the fact that in this direction the number of channel branches of the end sections, made along the lateral sides of the layers of the matrix 5, increases. The number of branches of the channels and layers of the matrix 5 is determined by the need to ensure obtaining the required profile and a given direction of movement of the blast wave.

The operation of the proposed device is carried out as follows.

When an electric pulse is applied to the initiation means 9 of the intermediate charge 4, for example, a detonator cap, it is triggered and activates the initial point of initiation of the intermediate charge of explosive 4. The detonation pulse propagates in parallel along all the channels of its input section and without the negative effect of the explosion products from the branches of the channels. on the other is simultaneously transmitted to the channels of the end sections of the network of detonation channels of the intermediate charge 4, located on the lateral surfaces of the layers of the matrix 5. The channels of the end sections of the intermediate charge BB 4, which are simultaneously activated, operate in parallel without the negative influence of the explosion products from the branches of the channels on each other, providing a simultaneous output of detonation from all the channels of the branches of the end sections to the first sublayer of explosive 6, through which the detonation is diluted to explosive in the holes 11 of the separator 7, the latter provide a significantly increased number and uniformity of distribution of initiating pulses along the surface of the second sublayer of explosive 8. The blast wave formed in the second sublayer of explosive 8 with an increased number of initiating pulses forms a shock wave in the inert plate 3, which, in turn, reducing and smoothing out the different dynamics of the transmitted blast wave through the first layer of the main charge 2 initiates the main charge 1 over the entire area, equalizing the pressure at the front of the blast wave with a reduced destructive effect of the device on the loaded object due to the smooth thinning of the main charge of explosive 1 at its periphery.

An example of a specific implementation of the claimed device is an explosive device for dynamic loading, including layers of matrix 5, assembled together with fastening plates 10 in a package, tightened with screws and nuts and processed together, in which the following elements are sequentially placed:

- the main charge of explosive 1, made two-layer, the first layer 2 of which is in contact with the inert plate 3;

- the first layer 2 of the main explosive charge is made of a plastic explosive with a thickness of 1.5 mm, which meets the requirements for sensitivity and power set forth above;

- the second layer of the main explosive charge is a 6 mm thick explosive block, the side surface of which is made with expansion in the direction of detonation propagation;

- inert plate is made of plexiglass 1 mm thick;

- the unit for initiating the main explosive charge is a multipoint initiation generator with an intermediate explosive charge 4 made of plastic explosive in the form of a network of detonation channels, which has a common inlet section and end sections. The channels of the common entrance section are combined into a common starting point of initiation, detonation-associated with the initiation means 9 of the intermediate charge of explosive 4.

The generator is a multilayer matrix 5, consisting of 15 identical layers made of foam in the form of 5 mm thick plates with grooves for placing explosives, which form detonation channels. The layers of the matrix 5 are located perpendicular to the main charge 1. The grooves for the end sections of the detonation channels emerging from the explosive 6 are made on the lateral surface of each layer of the matrix 5, perpendicular to the main charge 1.

On the surfaces of the layers of the matrix 5, opposite to the main charge 1, grooves for a common inlet section of detonation channels with a common initial point of initiation are made during joint processing of the layer stack. Holes for fixing the socket for the electric detonator are also made here. In this case, the grooves of the common entrance section and the end sections are made in the form of a "hut" and have one common groove and 15 parallel branches from it, while the distance between adjacent branches is 3.5 mm, which provides a grid step of the outlet grooves of the channels of the branches of the end sections of the former multipoint initiation extending to the surface of the first sublayer of BB 6 equal to 5 mm;

- means for initiating an intermediate charge of explosives 9, combined with the initial point of initiation, is a detonator cap placed in a socket fixed on the upper surface of the package;

- sublayer of explosive 6, made of plastic explosive with a thickness of 1.3 mm (this value satisfies the condition of the formula h≥3.5d _cr for d _cr explosive equal to 0.3 mm);

для выбранного шага сети выходных пазов каналов ответвлений концевых участков формирователя многоточечного инициирования L=5 мм);- a separator 7, which is made of polymethyl methacrylate (plexiglass) 1.5 mm thick, with through holes filled with explosives 11 with a diameter of 1.2 mm, located with a pitch of 2.5 mm, is adjacent to the sublayer of explosive 6. The number of holes is 728 (the thickness of the separator Δ satisfies the condition of the formula Δ≥Δ _z at a value of Δ _z = 0.8 mm, determined experimentally, the diameter d of the holes 11 satisfies the condition of the formula d≥3.5d _cr for d _cr BB equal to 0.3 mm , the size of the hole pitch satisfies the condition of the formula

for the selected step of the network of the outlet grooves of the channels of the branches of the end sections of the multipoint initiation former L = 5 mm);

при выбранном

).- and the second (lower) surface of the separator 7 is adjoined by the second sublayer of explosives 8 of plastic explosives 1.5 mm thick (this thickness H satisfies the condition of the formula

with the chosen

).

The extremely low asymmetry of the detonation front for detonation devices of 30 ns in a circle with a diameter of 70 mm is achieved in the claimed device due to:

- reducing the number of turns, introducing instability in the transmission of detonation, to two in each channel of the detonation network,

- parallelism of detonation channels in layers, excluding shock-wave impact on each other at arbitrarily close location in order to increase the number of points of primary initiation on a given area of the first sublayer,

- the use of the second cascade of symmetrization in the form of a second sublayer and a separator, which makes it possible to organize the closest possible arrangement of secondary points of initiation with an increase in their density.

Elimination of the "cutting" effect of the detonation of the main charge on the loaded object is achieved in the device by smoothly increasing the diameter of the charge from the input end to the output, which ensures the transfer from the normal detonation loading of the object in the main part of the charge to the sliding mode in the considered area of increasing the diameter.

Thus, the claimed device allows, with a minimum explosive mass, to ensure an increase in the efficiency of research of objects under shock-wave loading, simplification of further numerical modeling of the processes under study due to the creation of a plane-parallel shock wave in the material under study with an extremely reduced surface asymmetry of the detonation front formed in the main charge and due to elimination of the "cutting" effect on the loaded object while ensuring the required level of load on the object under investigation.

The use of this invention will improve the efficiency of the study of objects under shock-wave loading due to the increased symmetry-dynamic quality of the claimed device, as well as due to the possibility of preserving objects after their loading due to the absence of a "cutting" effect on them.

For the claimed invention in the form as it is described in the claims, the possibility of its implementation using the above-described design solutions and the ability to ensure the achievement of the specified technical result are confirmed. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "industrial applicability".

Claims (15)

1. An explosive device for dynamic loading, containing the main charge of an explosive (HE), which is made multilayer and in contact with an inert plate of material, the velocity of the shock wave in which is less than the detonation velocity of the main charge explosive charge and means of its initiation, an explosive sublayer of thickness h, installed on the output surface of the initiation unit, and a multipoint initiation former is used as the initiation unit of the main charge, in which the matrix is made of multilayer, and the intermediate charge is made in the form of a network of detonation channels, passing through all layers of the matrix of the initiation unit and having branches, and the branches of the end sections of the channels come out to the surface of the explosive sublayer, characterized in that it is equipped with a separator adjacent to the explosive sublayer and made in the form of a layer of inert material thickness Δ, mm, determined from the relation Δ≥Δ _h , where Δ _z is the blocking layer of the separator, with through holes filled with explosives, located with a step l , determined from the ratio: l = 0.5L, where L is the pitch of the network of the outlet grooves of the detonation channels of the branches of the end sections of the multipoint initiation former, emerging on the surface of the sublayer from the explosive and made symmetrically with respect to these grooves, mm, in this case, the diameter d of the through holes of the separator is determined from the condition d≥3.5d _cr, where d _cr - critical diameter of explosive detonation, mm, and the second sublayer of explosives of thickness H, determined from the condition: l≥H≥l / 2, where l is the pitch of the separator through holes, mm, in this case, the thickness h , mm, of the first sublayer of explosives is determined from the ratio: h≥3.5d _cr , the end sections of the detonation channels run along the layers of the matrix of the initiation unit and their number is the same on each layer, while the layers of the matrix are located perpendicular to the main charge. 2. An explosive device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the side surface of the main charge is made with expansion in the direction of propagation of detonation.

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