RU2762196C2 - Electric arc plasmatron - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrothermal technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of electrothermal technology, namely to devices that produce plasma. An electric arc plasmatron contains a tubular case made of non-conductive refractory material, the inner cavity of which forms a longitudinal slit chamber, two holes located opposite each other are made in the tubular case perpendicular to the axis of the slit chamber, in which the anode and cathode electrodes of rectangular cross-section are installed, which are connected to a power supply unit with a level-adjustable and constant in sign voltage, as well as to an arc ignition unit. One end of the tubular case is connected to a supply unit of working plasma-forming gas. A movable tubular magnetic circuit is installed coaxially with the tubular case, the inner diameter of which is larger than the outer diameter of the tubular case, two poles with windings connected to another source of regulated DC voltage are located in the cavity of the tubular magnetic circuit between its inner surface and the outer surface of the case. The axis of the poles is located perpendicular to the axis of the position of the electrodes. The pipeline for passing the agent cooling the electrodes is made in the form of channels in the wall of the tubular case. A movable rod made of conductive material is in electrical contact with one electrode and has a reciprocating drive for arc ignition by short-term contact with the second electrode.

EFFECT: simplifying the design, providing control of the movement speed, temperature and amount of plasma at the outlet of the tubular case.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrothermal technology, namely to devices that generate plasma.

Known electric arc heater for direct current gas, containing a discharge chamber, a cathode unit and made in the form of at least two identical plasmatrons, each of which is equipped with end and output auxiliary electrodes, the cathode unit is made in the form of at least two identical plasmatrons, each of which is equipped with end and output auxiliary electrodes of a given diameter [1].

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of regulating the performance of the plasmatron.

An electric arc plasmatron is also known, containing an anode and cathode blocks located coaxially along the axis of the plasmatron, separated by an insulator, in which there is a unit for supplying a working plasma-forming gas to an electric-gas-discharge chamber, while in the anode and cathode blocks there are inlet and outlet openings and cavities for passage cooling agent, in addition, the anode block has a radial hole for introducing the powder material. In the anode and cathode blocks there are additionally holes in which the fittings are fixed, while the additional holes are located on the diametrically opposite side relative to the inlet anode and cathode holes, while the additional fittings are connected by an arc-shaped electrical insulating pipeline for the passage of the cooling agent from the anode to the cathode block, the ends of which fixed on the anode outlet and cathode inlet fittings [2].

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the design and the complexity of regulating the productivity of the plasma torch.

The closest technical solution to the proposed invention is an electric arc plasmatron containing a vertically arranged tubular body made of a non-conductive refractory material, with two sealed covers, in the tubular body, perpendicular to the axis of the slotted chamber, there are two holes located opposite each other in one of which an anode electrode is installed , and in the other - the cathode electrode, which are connected to a power supply unit with a voltage regulated by the level and constant in sign, as well as to the arc ignition unit. Coaxially with the tubular body is a tubular magnetic circuit, the inner diameter of which is greater than the outer diameter of the tubular body, in the cavity of the tubular magnetic circuit between its inner surface and the outer surface of the body there are two poles with windings connected to another source of regulated DC voltage, and the pole axis is located perpendicular to with respect to the axis of position of the electrodes. The tubular body has holes for the plasma-forming gas supply [3].

The disadvantage of this plasmatron is the complexity of regulating the output plasma flow.

The objective of the invention is to expand the range of regulation of the amount and output power of the generated plasma.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the electric arc plasmatron contains a tubular body made of a non-conductive refractory material, the inner cavity of which forms a longitudinal slit chamber, anode and cathode electrodes connected to a power supply unit with a voltage regulated in level and constant in sign, an arc ignition unit , the unit for supplying the working plasma-forming gas to the slotted chamber, the pipeline for the passage of the cooling agent, in the tubular body, perpendicular to the axis of the slotted chamber, there are two holes located opposite each other, in one of which the anode electrode is installed, and in the other there is the cathode electrode, one end end of the tubular the body is connected to the unit for supplying the working plasma-forming gas, a tubular magnetic circuit is installed coaxially with the tubular body, the inner diameter of which is greater than the outer diameter of the tubular body, in the cavity of the tubular magnetic circuit between its inner surface and the outer surface y of the tubular body there are two poles with windings connected to another source of regulated DC voltage, and the pole axis is located perpendicular to the axis of position of the electrodes, the electrodes have a rectangular cross-section, and the edges of greater length are located perpendicular to the axis of the tubular body, the arc ignition unit contains a movable a rod made of a conductive material, the axis of which is parallel to the axis of the electrodes, the movable rod has continuous electrical contact with one electrode and is connected to a reciprocating drive providing short-term contact with the second electrode, the pipeline for the passage of the cooling agent for the electrodes is made in the form of channels in the wall of the tubular body, the tubular magnetic circuit is movable and connected to another drive of the reciprocating motion.

The drawing shows the longitudinal and transverse sections of the plasmatron.

The device comprises a tubular body 1 made of a non-conductive refractory material having through holes arranged coaxially perpendicular to the body axis in the wall, in which the anode electrode 2 and the cathode electrode 3 are located, having a rectangular cross-section, and the edges of greater length are located perpendicular to the axis of the tubular body. The external leads of electrodes 2 and 3 are connected to the outputs of the power supply 4 with a level-regulated and constant-sign voltage. One end end of the tubular body is connected to the unit for supplying the working plasma-forming gas 5. In the wall of the tubular body, channels are made for the passage of the cooling agent 6. Coaxially with the tubular body is a movable tubular magnetic circuit 7, the internal dimensions of the cavity of which are larger than the external dimensions of the tubular body 1. In the cavity of the movable of the tubular magnetic circuit 7 between its inner surface and the outer surface of the housing are coaxially located two poles 8 and 9 with windings 10, the leads of which are connected to a source of regulated DC voltage 11, and the axis of the poles 8 and 9 is located perpendicular to the axis of position of the electrodes 2 and 3 The axis of position of the movable rod 12, made of a conductive material, is located parallel to the axis of the electrodes 2 and 3. The movable rod 12 is in constant electrical contact with one electrode, for example 2, and has a reciprocating drive 13 to ignite the arc by short Timely contact with the second electrode 3, followed by rapid opening of the electrical circuit.

A movable tubular magnetic circuit 7 with poles 8 and 9 with windings 10 is connected to a drive 14, which ensures its reciprocating movement along the housing 1.

The device works as follows.

Voltage is supplied to anode 2 and cathode 3 from power supply 4. The movable conductive rod 12 is driven by the reciprocating drive 13 and briefly closes the electrical circuit between electrodes 2 and 3, and then the rod 12 quickly moves in the opposite direction and opens the electrical circuit between electrodes 2 and 3, as a result of which an electric arc is ignited. Plasma-forming gas under pressure is supplied to the cavity of the tubular body 1 to its end inlet from the feed unit 5, which passes through the arc and is ionized to form plasma, which comes out of the second end outlet of the tubular body. The arc is stretched under the action of the moving plasma-forming gas. To prevent its rupture, the excitation winding 10, installed at the poles 8 and 9, is connected to the outputs of the regulated DC voltage source 11, the excitation current flows through the winding 10 and creates an electromagnetic field, an electromagnetic force arises acting on the arc in the direction opposite to the direction of motion plasma gas, and stabilizing the position of the arc.

With an increase in the speed and flow rate of the plasma-forming gas, the voltage at the output of the source 11 is increased, respectively, the excitation current in the winding 10 is increased, as a result of which the magnitude of the electromagnetic flux created by the poles 8 and 9 increases. As a result, the electromagnetic force acting on the arc in the zone of its combustion increases. in the direction opposite to the direction of motion of the plasma-forming gas, stabilizing the position of the arc and preventing its rupture. An increase in the flow rate of the plasma-forming gas allows an increase in the amount of produced plasma. If it is necessary to increase the power released in the arc, the voltage supplied from the power supply 4 to the terminals of the anode 2 and cathode 3 is increased, while the current flowing through the arc increases, the temperature and the resulting power of the generated plasma increase. If it is necessary to move the arc along the longitudinal line inside the cylindrical body 1, the drive 14 is turned on, which provides a reciprocating movement along the body 1 of the tubular magnetic circuit 7 with poles 8 and 9 and with windings 10.

When using electrodes 2 and 3 of rectangular cross-section, the cross-section of the electric arc burning between the electrodes increases, the value of the current passing through it increases, which makes it possible to increase the amount of generated plasma at the selected cross-sectional area of the tubular body.

The electric arc plasmatron is characterized by simplicity of design, provides regulation of the speed of movement, quantity and power of plasma at the outlet of the tubular body of the plasmatron.

Bibliography

1.A.S. USSR No. 599732. Electric arc heater of direct current gas / Zhukov M.F., Lytkin A.Ya., Khudyakov G.N., Anynakov A.S. Publ. 09/07/1982. Bul. No. 33.

2. RF patent No. 2465748. Electric arc plasmatron / Mchedalov S.G. Published on October 27, 2012. Bul. No. 30.

3. Patent for utility model No. 188618. Electric arc plasmatron / Meshcheryakov V.N., Evseev A.M., Pikalov V.V., Chuprov V.B., Konev V.A. Publ. 04/18/2019. Bul. No. 11.

Claims (1)

An electric arc plasmatron containing a tubular body made of a non-conductive refractory material, the inner cavity of which forms a longitudinal slotted chamber, anode and cathode electrodes connected to a power supply unit with a voltage controlled by level and constant in sign, an arc ignition unit, a working plasma-forming gas supply unit into the slot chamber, a pipeline for the passage of the cooling agent, in the tubular body, perpendicular to the axis of the slot chamber, there are two holes located opposite each other, in one of which an anode electrode is installed, and in the other, a cathode electrode is installed, one end end of the tubular body is connected to the working supply unit plasma-forming gas, a tubular magnetic circuit is installed coaxially with the tubular body, the inner diameter of which is greater than the outer diameter of the tubular body, in the cavity of the tubular magnetic circuit between its inner surface and the outer surface of the tubular body there are two poles with windings connected to another source of regulated DC voltage, and the pole axis is located perpendicular to the axis of the position of the electrodes, characterized in that the electrodes have a rectangular cross-section, and the edges of greater length are located perpendicular to the axis of the tubular body, the arc ignition unit contains a movable rod made made of a conductive material, the axis of which is parallel to the axis of the electrodes, the movable rod has continuous electrical contact with one electrode and is connected to a reciprocating drive providing short-term contact with the second electrode, the pipeline for the passage of the agent cooling the electrodes is made in the form of channels in the wall of the tubular body , the tubular magnetic circuit is movable and connected to another reciprocating actuator.

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