RU2761643C1 - Apparatus for collecting colorado potato beetle and larvae thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus for collecting the Colorado potato beetle relates to the field of agriculture. The apparatus comprises a frame on wheels, mounted whereon are a shaking mechanism and a storage for the beetle and larvae thereof. The shaking mechanism is made of two mesh drums made of an elastic material installed eccentrically and configured to rotate freely and be adjusted by height. The apparatus is equipped with a suctioning element creating an air flow ensuring advancement of the shaken beetles and larvae into the storage, and a perforated divider. Before the perforated divider in the front, on the side of the storage, the apparatus is additionally equipped in the middle part thereof with a streamlined protective screen reflector rigidly secured with rods. The suctioning element is made in the form of a rotating disk in the form of a rotor with a convex surface, coaxially secured on a hollow axis, coupled in the axial direction with the power take-off shaft of a tractor. The secured streamlined protective screen reflector and the rotating disk in the form of a rotor form pull-in jets with vortices and create an air flow ensuring advancement of the shaken beetles and larvae in the direction of the surface of the inclined perforated divider, falling thereof upon impact with the convex surfaces of the disk and the screen reflector directly into the storage, and protection of the perforated divider from contamination.

EFFECT: invention provides an increase in the quality of collection of beetles and larvae thereof, an increase in the efficiency of work due to the increase in the reliability of creating a pull-in air flow.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used to protect grown potatoes from Colorado and other insect pests without the use of pesticides.

A device for collecting insects from plants is known, comprising a frame, a fan connected by a pipeline to a pipe for blowing off insects, an intake having a sharpened part with a screen and a suction pipe installed in the lower part of the intake and connected by a pipeline to a container for collecting insects, the intake contains windows and blinds made in the form of plates and installed along the windows with a protrusion of the outer edges above the plane of the window, and the outer edges of the blinds are installed higher than the inner ones, and the front parts of the blinds are located along the contour of the sharpened front part, the screen of which is installed vertically in the plane of the longitudinal axis, while the device is equipped with a vertical manifold, which is made in the form of a rotor with holes arranged along a helical line, is installed on its axis with a blade turbine and connects the discharge pipeline with the vertical and horizontal parts of the branch pipe for blowing off insects (Inventor's certificate SU No. 1530156, 01M 5/08 dated 23.12.1989 ).

Known machines for collecting Colorado beetles and other harmful insects (Patent PM RU No. 166954, A01M 5/04 dated 20.12.2016; Patent RU No. 2238647, A01M 5/04 dated 27.10.2004; Patent RU No. 2148910, A01M 5/04 dated 05/20/2000; Patent RU No. 2469533, A01M 5/04 dated 20.12.2012; Patent PM RU No. 187619, A01M 5/04 dated 13.03.2019; AS SU No. 715076, A01M 5/08 dated 15.02.1980) ...

In such devices, structural elements are described mainly for shaking the Colorado potato beetle, blowing it off with an air stream, then collecting and destroying it. In addition, the disadvantage of the above designs of devices for collecting the Colorado potato beetle and larvae is the insufficient reliability of the amount of collection of insects, since some of the shaking off insects fall into the garden bed, under the potato bushes, in addition, the devices have low productivity, since some of them are intended for use on personal and small farms. In the described devices, various methods for collecting the Colorado potato beetle are indicated, but they all require further structural improvement, in particular, to ensure a high-quality collection of the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae while reducing the labor intensity of the process of removing insects from the aboveground part of the potato, as well as the high metal consumption of structures.

However, here it is necessary to provide additional data on the search for patents, which describes what the method of thrust has, when the increase in air mass is insufficient, due to the suction effect is insignificant, the apparatus (device) has a low efficiency of creating thrust, and in the future, in the description, it is theoretically necessary there will be an explanation effect where the task of the claimed technical solution of the proposed invention, united by a single inventive concept, will be possible.

Thus, this group of known below solutions will provide explanations for the below-mentioned, known patent sources “implementation of inventions in the form of an example, i.e. creating a thrust, consisting in directing pressure jets of a fluid from the nozzles tangentially to the upper part of a convex surface in the form of a plate (disk) of an aerodynamic profile, when the vortices can capture the pressure of the fluid interconnected with the means for generating a pressure jet from the nozzle directed tangentially to the upper convex surface of the device, which has a hollow rotor of rotation with a hole in the center with the possibility of forming a pressure jet created by vortices (according to our proposal of the invention for collecting the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae).

Known inventions - Examples: flying wind power plant Patent PM No. 99079, F02D 9/00 from 10.11.2010; flying saucer Patent RU No. 2151717, В64С 39/06 dated 06/27/2000; US patent No. 3612445, В64С 29/00 dated 12/10/1971.

Thus, this additional search makes it possible for him to substantiate our new technical solution below for the collection of the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae with the proposed device, namely, the method of creating a thrust allows the proposed device to form a large thrust with preliminary twisting from the outside of the low-pressure spiraled jets inside, which, during centrifugal movement towards the perimeter of the plate (disk), involve (capture and carry away) a large volume of the surrounding fluid in a vortex motion. Thus, increasing the possibility of obtaining high air velocities, i.e. generation of a system of endless vortex cords moving from the nozzles to the peripheral part of the disk. The pressure difference above and below the disc causes the device to move.

Currently, to create thrust in a gaseous medium (air), propellers are used that are capable of creating a vertical force (according to Archimedes' law). A jet engine, the basis of which is the ejection of a stored working fluid or intake, acceleration and subsequent ejection of environmental material (according to Newton's law). Fan (propellers of ships), the basis of which is the interaction of an inclined plane and a medium in relative motion. Airplane wing (helicopter propellers), which is based on the effect caused by the wing geometry. To ensure a decrease in pressure over the wing of an airplane or helicopter, it is necessary to set them in motion relative to the air (lift can also occur in the wind, but this will no longer be a controlled flight).

It should be noted the theoretical part of the proposed invention for creating thrust (Kokand effect), which is characterized by the fact that along the tangent of the wing (disk with the upper spherical surface) create a uniform air flow that blows the upper surface of the wing. According to Bernoulli's law, a discharged space and a vertical thrust of rotation coaxially in opposite directions, as well as with other elements in operation, are created above the apparatus (device). In the proposed technical solution, there is a connection to increase the expansion of the functionality and increase the controllability of the apparatus (device) using the drive of rotation of the tractor power take-off shaft (below, based on patent research, the closest prototype analogue will be given).

Thus, the power take-off shaft of the tractor, where it will be used to rotate the body over a stationary device with a hole in the form of a disk (in the form of a tangential wing, something like an airplane), a device that, by rotating the rotor with a hollow axis, forms pressure jets with vortices, i.e. creates a source of high pressure of the flowing medium (with a greater mass of air) in the direction of the perforated known partition. In this case, graphic materials (except for the above) with reference to them also serve as an example, i.e. "Example".

The conducted patent research did not reveal identical technical solutions, which allows us to conclude about the novelty and technical level of the proposed technical solution. However, an additional search showed that perhaps the closest analogue in technical essence to the claimed invention is a device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle containing a frame on wheels, on which a shaking mechanism and a storage device are mounted, while the shaking mechanism is made in the form of two mesh drums. Made of elastic material, installed eccentrically with the possibility of free rotation and height adjustment, in addition, it is equipped with a suction element, which is used as a fan, which creates an air flow that ensures the movement of shaken off beetles and larvae into the storage device (Patent PM RU No. 196475, A01M 5 / 08 from 02.03.2020).

The device according to this invention implements the Colorado potato beetle harvesting function to increase the harvest of the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae. However, despite the reduction in the labor intensity of the process and the creation of the fan, drawing in the air flow, sucking in the falling beetles and their larvae, which hit the perforated partition installed with an inclination in front of the fan and fall into the storage device, preventing insects from falling onto the ridges, under the potato bushes, when the perforated partition should be with small perforation holes, since in their volume the larvae are different from small to large sizes, and, as is known, during their development, they secrete a sticky substance, therefore, when they hit the partition, in the form of a solid wall, they are mostly cases will clog the perforation holes in the partition, which means that the air passage will weaken to a minimum, i.e. its effect on the suction of the air flow will practically be weakened (larvae that have broken during the impact also accumulate dust and debris from the potato beds). In addition, the very effect of the intake air flow from the fan is lost when the work is connected with the fan. Another main disadvantage is that beetles and larvae themselves are the release of an adhering smelling liquid (in the form of a sucker), which means that additional accumulated dirt appears on the perforated partition, which will not protect the potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle due to the impossibility of air passage for removal them from the beds, under the bush. As a result, it will be necessary to use paper clips, brushes and washing the holes of the perforation of the partition, and hence the low efficiency of creating a draft of the air flow.

Thus, the known device is not sufficiently adapted for high-quality collection of the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae while reducing the complexity of the process of collision of insects into the storage device as a whole. In the proposed device, many of these disadvantages are eliminated.

The aim of the present invention is to improve the reliability of the creation of an intake air flow, ensuring the collection of the Colorado potato beetle in the storage.

At the same time, there is an expansion of the arsenal of technical means for protecting potato plants from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae in the claimed invention, having a system of use, operating from the power take-off shaft of a tractor for a device made of a convex surface of the front disc in the form of a rotating rotor, which is fixed on a hollow axis with drive of rotation of the tractor shaft, and behind a non-fixed coaxially protective streamlined reflective screen rigidly fixed through rods to an inclined perforated partition from the side of the shaking mechanism in the form of two mesh drums, i.e. the achievement of the specified technical result is due to a certain set of parts of the device itself as a whole, and the design, and the connection between them and the mutual arrangement.

The technical result is achieved in that a device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae, containing a frame on wheels, on which a shaking

a mechanism and a storage device, a shaking mechanism is made in the form of two mesh drums made of elastic material, installed eccentrically with the possibility of free rotation and height adjustment, and is also equipped with a suction element that creates an air flow that ensures the movement of shaken off beetles and larvae into the storage, perforated partition , according to the invention, in front of the perforated partition in front, from the side of the storage, is additionally equipped in its middle part with rigidly fixed rods with a streamlined protective reflector-screen with a hole in the center, the suction element is made in the form of a disc in the form of a rotor that is coaxially fixed on the hollow axis and rotates with a convex surface, which is connected in the axial direction with the tractor's power take-off shaft, while a rigidly fixed streamlined protective reflector-screen and a rotating disk in the form of a rotor form suction jets with vortices and create an air flow that ensures the movement is shaken off beetles and larvae towards the surface of the inclined perforated partition, their fall upon impact on the convex surfaces of the disk and reflector-screen directly into the storage device and protection of the perforated partition from clogging.

In addition, the radius of the body of the protective reflector-screen is made larger than the radius of the front convex surface of the rotating disc in the form of a rotor, which is associated with the operation of the tractor power take-off shaft passing through the inclined perforated partition.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae meets the criterion of “novelty, since it differs from the prototype.

The proposed invention uses the unique property of gas vortices (air) to draw in (attach) during their movement very large masses of the surrounding flowing environment, which is caused by the rarefied space in the central part of the vortex. As a result of the implementation of the device and improvement of the process, when the presence of a rotating disc with a convex surface in the form of a rotor on a hollow axis with a drive for rotation of the power take-off shaft, the tractor is vortices (air) and the creation of an intake air flow, when the masses of the surrounding flowing environment cause the presence of a rarefied space, the beetles and their larvae are captured together with a large mass of the sucking air flow towards the inclined perforated partition, in front of which a streamlined protective reflector-screen is fixed with a hole in the center, and the perforated partition itself is only an additional element of the protection device to the device proposed as a whole, which makes it possible to be completely free, not to become contaminated by possible adhered beetles with its larvae when hitting the surface (it and are blown down into the storage device), which means a reliable collection of harmful insects into the storage device. When moving, large vortex cords capture and carry away large masses (amount) of the surrounding air, which leads to a decrease in air pressure above a fixed streamlined protective reflector-screen, which in a radius is slightly larger in relation to the radius of a rotating disk in the form of a rotor; the difference in pressure, which allows the beetles and their larvae to be twisted, and after impact, they fall down into the accumulator, i.e. the inclined perforated partition does not require additional cleaning during the operation of the entire device, when a cloud of dust, etc., rises when shaking the potato stalks and its base.

The presence of mechanical elements affecting the environment of the tractor (unit) operating from the power take-off shaft, the proposed new device creates a large effect of drawing in the swirling air flow towards the fixed fixed protective reflector-screen with rigidly fixed rods, which increases the reliability and the possibility of absence without the risk of blocking the holes of the inclined perforated partitions in case of possible contact of beetles and its larvae with an obstacle, which means that the productivity (efficiency) of collecting them into the storage device increases.

For the described positive, confirming effect, consider the above materials describing the application as a whole.

The conducted patent research did not reveal identical technical solutions, which allows us to conclude about the novelty and technical level of the proposed technical solution.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where;

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae;

FIG. 2 shows a fragment of the formation of vortices, front view;

FIG. 3 shows a fragment of the formation of unfolded jets, front view;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the direction of pressure jets, when a rigidly fixed streamlined protective reflector-screen with an opening in the central part is made behind.

The device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae consists of a frame 1, on which a shaking mechanism is mounted, made in the form of two mesh drums 2 and a suction element, which is a device that includes gas (air) vortices 3 that draw in (attach) during its movement large masses of the surrounding fluid 4, which is caused by the presence of a rarefied space in the central part of the vortex, in the form of a front disk 5 equipped with a rotating convex surface, made in the form of a rotating rotor, fixed on a hollow axis with the possibility of interaction with the drive of rotation of the tractor power take-off shaft (not shown). After the arrangement of the front disc in the form of a rotor 5 in front of the inclined perforated partition, the body of which in the form of a streamlined protective reflector-screen is rigidly fixed by rods 6 to the inclined perforated partition 7, and a streamlined protective reflector-screen 8 with a hole 9. The effect of air intake during the movement of vortices 3 from the center to the edge of the rotating convex surface of the front disc 5 in the form of a rotating rotor (something like a streamlined wing of an aircraft) there is a large capture and entrainment of large air masses 3, this leads to a decrease in pressure above the fixed streamlined protective reflector-screen 8 with a hole 9. The effect of the occurrence of suction (thrust) occurs when the air source 3 moves in one direction (circumferentially) and during oscillatory movements in the plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hole 9 of the reflector-screen 8.An alternating inclined perforated partition 7 and below elements 5 and 8, to collect shaken off insects from the aerial part potatoes in the form of beetles with their larvae, storage device 10 is mounted.

The radius of the protective streamlined reflector-screen 8 is made larger than the radius of the front convex surface of the rotating disk 5, made in the form of a rotor.

The device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae works as follows.

On the frame 1 on the support wheels (not shown) with height adjustment depending on the height of the haulm, two mesh drums are mounted on the width of the ridge 2. When the row-crop tractor (unit) moves along the row-spacing, eccentrically installed mesh both drums 2, freely rotating, easily shake the shoots of the potatoes, and the disk made in the form of a rotor 5 rotating from the power take-off shaft of the tractor, rotating with a convex surface, creates a thrust (suction) of the fluid line (air) tangentially towards the convex surface of a fixed protective reflector-screen 8 with a hole 9 with a coaxially installed disk 5 in the form of a rotating rotor, while the hole 9 moves at an angle relative to the fairing-screen 8 of the pressure air jets (fluid), the vortices 3 that capture the environment in the form of a pulling air stream, while sucking in rapidly falling beetles and their larvae, which rotate and hit both the convex surface of the disk 5 and the convex surface The brightness of the protective reflector-screen 8, installed in front of the front of the inclined perforated partition 7, and fall actively (without lingering) into the drive 10, thereby preventing insects from falling onto the ridges, under the potato bushes. Mesh both drums 2, made of elastic material, provide easy shaking of the plants without damaging their shoots. Removal of beetles and their larvae from the aboveground part of potatoes is carried out, if necessary, at least 3-4 times as they appear until the end of flowering of plants and the beginning of the collapse of the shoots.

It should be noted that the inclined perforated partition 7 itself is made of aluminum, durable plastic or other material, and the device of a convex disk surface in the form of a rotating rotor 5 in a protective fairing-screen 8 fixed by rods 6, and is located directly above the drive 10, as and the very compactly inclined perforated partition 7. In this case, the radius of the protective reflector-screen 8 is made slightly larger than the radius of the front rotating rotor 5 (disk).

The collection of insects can be carried out simultaneously during inter-row cultivation, potato hilling devices and the introduction of mineral fertilizers.

When compared with the prototype, the positive effect is achieved:

due to the reliability of the design of the device, which is compactly placed directly in front of the inclined perforated partition for collecting the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae into the storage;

the ability to protect against clogging of holes in the inclined perforated partition and blockage of holes, broken beetles and larvae, which means that there is no need to use improvised tools in the form of a paper clip and a brush, as well as detergents to clean the surface of the perforated partition from insects;

the possibility of free exit of the sucking air flow further to the side through the passage of holes in the perforated partition outside the storage of beetles and larvae in comparison with the prototype.

In general, the device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae ensures a high-quality collection of the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae, while reducing the labor intensity of the process, removing insects from the aboveground part of the potato due to greater capture (suction) and entrainment of large air masses towards the direction of the inclined perforated partition, which means that increases the reliability of creating an intake air flow in the desired direction and the efficiency of the device.

Claims (2)

1. A device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae, containing a frame on wheels, on which a shaking mechanism and a drive are mounted, the shaking mechanism is made in the form of two mesh drums made of elastic material, installed eccentrically with the possibility of free rotation and height adjustment, and also equipped with a suction element, creating an air flow, ensuring the advancement of shaken off beetles and larvae into the storage device, with a perforated partition, characterized in that in front of the perforated partition in front, from the storage side, it is additionally equipped in its middle part with rigidly fixed rods with a streamlined protective reflector-screen with a hole in the center, the suction element is made in the form of a rotor-shaped disc coaxially fixed on the hollow axis and rotating with a convex surface, which is axially connected to the tractor power take-off shaft, while a streamlined protective reflector-screen is rigidly fixed and rotated The rotor-shaped disc forms suction jets with vortices and creates an air flow that ensures the movement of the shaken off beetles and larvae towards the surface of the inclined perforated partition, their fall upon impact on the convex surfaces of the disk and the reflector-screen directly into the storage device and protection of the perforated partition from clogging. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the radius of the body of the protective reflector-screen is made larger than the radius of the front convex surface of the rotating disc in the form of a rotor, which is associated with the operation of the tractor power take-off shaft passing through the inclined perforated partition.

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