RU2760298C1 - Optoelectronic complex for optical detection, tracking and recognition of ground and aerial objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: surveillance.SUBSTANCE: area of application: invention relates to optical direction finding systems providing detection, tracking and recognition of ground, surface and aerial objects. The invention can find an application as part of complexes of optoelectronic and navigation equipment of ships, ground observation and firing complexes. Substance: the optoelectronic complex (OEC) for optical detection, tracking and recognition of ground and aerial objects includes a gyro-stabilised biaxial detection apparatus (GSDA) configured to perform video recording, a gyro-stabilised biaxial tracking apparatus (GSTA) configured to perform video recording. The thermal imaging channel of the detection apparatus (GSDA) is made two-field and has the same wide and medium fields of vision with the additionally introduced visible-range television channel. The tracking apparatus (GSTA) is made in the form of television and thermal imaging channels of visible, short-wave IR (SWIR) and long-wave IR (LWIR) ranges with the same fields of vision, configured to perform video recording, the laser rangefinder is made dual-wavelength, including at a wavelength safe for human eyes, configured to perform active-pulse illumination of the object observed in the TV (SWIR) channel.EFFECT: increased accuracy of determining the coordinates and auto-tracking the target in conditions of shaking and pitching, increased range of the laser rangefinder and safety of radiation thereof, detection and auto-tracking of the observed objects against the background of interference.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to optical direction finding systems that provide detection, tracking and recognition of ground, water and air objects.

The invention can be used as a part of optical-electronic and navigation equipment complexes for ships, ground observation and firing complexes.

Known optical-electronic information complex [RF patent No. 2406056 dated 10.12.2010], consisting of a daytime television camera based on a silicon CCD matrix, a thermal imager with a matrix based on indium antimony and a rangefinder on a neodymium laser. These optoelectronic units, located in a sealed compartment with optical windows, are mounted on a gyro-stabilized biaxial gimbal with horizontal and vertical drives. The advantages of the device chosen as an analogue include the stabilization of the sighting axes of tele-thermal imaging channels, which allows you to reliably track small-sized objects in conditions of rolling, traffic shaking, etc. The disadvantages include the impossibility of viewing space while simultaneously tracking an object, the ability to automatically track two or more objects in three coordinates when switching from detection to auto tracking.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is an optoelectronic complex for optical detection, tracking and recognition of ground and air objects [RF Patent No. 2701177, published 09/25/2019].

The optical-electronic complex (OEC) includes a survey thermal imager for passive detection of ground and air objects (NVO) and a television-optical system for auto-capture for tracking and identification of targets. Survey thermal imager, containing a thermal imaging head with an individual power drive and an individual unstabilized rotary device, made with the possibility of a circular view of the air and ground space in the azimuth plane and a sector view in the range of elevation angles from minus 20 ° to + 70 ° with the possibility of installation on a remote or retractable mast and connected by target designation with the television-optical system by the first electronic computer (PC). The television-optical system is installed on a rotary support and contains a block of optical receivers and a laser rangefinder. For operational and simultaneous tracking and recognition of NVO in the far, middle and near zone of their detection, optical receivers are equipped with lenses with corresponding different focal lengths and are connected through the first computer for controlling the review and processing of thermal imaging signals with a second computer for tracking and control, the second inputs of which are through a multichannel unit modules of auto-capture and identification of television video images are connected to the outputs of the television optical system.

The advantages of the device selected as a prototype include the ability to simultaneously and independently scan the area of responsibility of the OEC, automatically accompany and identify the types of NVO.

The disadvantages include a decrease in the accuracy of determining the coordinates of detected objects when installing the device on moving objects (ships, cars, etc.), the detection range of small targets due to the lack of stabilization of the sighting axes of the survey thermal imager and the block of optical receivers and a laser rangefinder.

The achieved technical result of the invention is an increase in the accuracy of determining the coordinates and auto-tracking of a target in conditions of shaking and rolling, an increase in the range of the laser rangefinder and the safety of its radiation, detection and auto-tracking of observed objects against the background of interference.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the survey thermal imager (OT) with an additionally introduced television channel of the visible range with the same field of view is made in the form of a gyro-stabilized biaxial survey detection device (GSPO) with the possibility of video recording, a television optical system with a block of optical receivers is made in the form of a gyro-stabilized biaxial device tracking (GPS) of the visible, short-infrared (SWIR) and far-infrared (LWIR) ranges with the same fields of view, and the laser rangefinder is made of two-wavelength, including at a wavelength that is safe for human eyes.

The invention is illustrated by the drawings, which show a block diagram of the optoelectronic complex (Fig. 1), the external view of the GSPO and GSPS devices (Fig. 2), and a functional diagram of the OEC (Fig. 3).

The optoelectronic complex (Fig. 1) consists of two main parts:

- optoelectronic module (OEM) consisting of:

- gyro-stabilized device for detecting GSPO;

- gyro-stabilized GPS tracking device;

- an automated workstation for the operator (AWP) consisting of:

- electronic computer for GSPO;

- electronic computer for GPSS;

- two monitors;

- control panel;

- video recorder.

The external view of the GSPO and GSPS instruments is shown in Fig. 2.

Structurally, the devices are made in the form of truncated balls with a flat front panel, on which protective windows for thermal imaging channels of the far IR range (pos. 1 and pos. 5), television channels in the visible range (pos. 2 and pos. 3), a short-IR television channel are glued range (pos. 3), and protective windows of laser emitters emitting at a wavelength safe for the eyes λ = 1.54 µm and the main length λ = 1.064 µm, which are part of the rangefinder pos. 6.

The GSPO device includes a television unit of the visible range (TV) with the possibility of discrete switching of the field of view from 8 ° to 2.0 °, a two-field thermal imaging channel (TPV) of the far infrared (LWIR) range (λ = 8 ... 12 μm) with cooled MFP with fields of view from 8 ° to 2 °.

The GPSS device operates in three spectral ranges and is designed to provide tracking of targets detected by the GPSS device or external target designation systems (radar), it includes a narrow-field television unit of the visible range (TV) with a field of view within 1.5 ° ... 2.0 °, a narrow-field thermal imaging channel (TPV) of the far-infrared (LWIR) range (λ = 8 ... 12 μm) with cooled MPDUs with a field of view of 1.5 ° ... 2 °, a short-infrared television channel (SWIR, λ = 0.9 ... 1.7 μm) with a field of view of 1.5 ° ... 2.0 °, a laser rangefinder with the ability to operate at radiation wavelengths λ = 1.54 μm and fundamental length λ = 1.064 μm.

To ensure rotation in the course angle and elevation and stabilize the line of sight of the GPSS and GSO devices, biaxial gimbals are used, installed on the turrets pos. 7 and pos. 8 respectively.

The drives of the GSPO and GSPS devices provide a turn of the moving parts in the range of pumping angles in the course and elevation angles, providing an overview of the specified search sector within the pumping angles of electric drives in elevation from minus 20 ° to plus 85 °, in azimuth from minus 160 ° to plus 160 °.

On a fixed platform, pos. 9 fixed devices GSPO and GSPS and two electronic units (BE) pos. 10 and pos. eleven.

Operation in the "Detect" mode

Drives M ₃ and M _{4 of} the GSPO device suspension begin to scan the area of space in azimuth and elevation using a two-field thermal imaging unit LWIR2 with an average field of view in the range of 3 ° × 2 ° or a wide field of view in the range of 8 ° × 6 ° or a television unit of the visible range with the same fields of view depending on the time of day or weather conditions. When a target is detected, for a more accurate determination of its coordinates at the command of the operator, the PKV ₂ switching board switches the fields of view of the LWIR2 thermal imaging unit. When scanning space with a wide television unit TV _{2 of the} visible range, the transition to an average field of view of 3 ° × 2 ° occurs by refocusing the zoom lens with the lens drive control board (PUPO ₂ ).

When the target hits the aiming frame, its coordinates are determined by the digital processing module MCO ₂ in terms of elevation and azimuth. In case of mechanical influences (roll, shaking, vibration, etc.) on the optoelectronic complex, in order to eliminate the instability of the lines of sight (aiming) of the tele-thermal imaging units of the GSPO device, they are stabilized using a 3-axis gyroscope, _{USSP GSPO board} , drives M ₃ , M ₄ and angle sensors DU ₃ , DU ₄ . The coordinates of the target from the digital processing module MCO ₂ are transmitted to the OEMgspo controller, and from it to the OEMgsps controller, and then via the internal exchange bus to the stabilization system amplifier board (USSP _GSPS ) and then to the M ₃ and M ₄ drives. The M ₃ and M ₄ drives begin to direct the suspension of the GPS device in azimuth and elevation to a point in space along the coordinates from the digital processing module MTSO _{2 of the} GPS.

Work in the "Accompaniment" mode:

The coordinates of an aerial target determined by the GSPO device or another early-range detection system (radar) are transmitted to the OEMgsps controller located in the BE1 electronics unit of the GPSS device, and from it, via the internal exchange bus, to the stabilization system amplifier board (USSP _GPSS ) and then to the M _{1 drives} and M ₂ turrets. The drives M ₁ and M ₂ begin to direct the suspension of the turret pos. 7 in azimuth and elevation to a point in space in the coordinates of target designation. On the monitor, the operator observes the target depending on the time of day or weather conditions using a thermal imaging device for each of the channels (night, fog), or television cameras of the visible range TV ₁ , or SWIR range (Δλ = 0.9 ... 1.7 μm) ... The selection of the video signal from the TV-TPV channels is carried out by the PKV ₁ commutation board with the help of an operator. When the target hits the aiming frame, it is taken for automatic tracking by the digital processing module MCO ₁ in elevation and azimuth. To determine the distance to the target, the pulse-periodic emitter of the laser rangefinder pos. 6 with the fundamental wavelength λ ₁ = 1.064 µm with several times improved radiation divergence and radiation energy compared to the wavelength λ ₂ = 1.54 µm. In the presence of background and other interference that interferes with the observation of the target by television channels, the laser emitters switch to the mode of active-pulse illumination of the object of observation or tracking.

To accurately target retention in the center of the impact machine frame auto-tracking under the conditions of external vibrations and shaky performed stabilization sight line (sighting) using 3-axle gyro board SUUB _GSM, drives M _1, M ₂ and the angle sensor control _1, control _2.

Thus, from the above, it is confirmed:

- increasing the accuracy of determining the coordinates and reliable auto-tracking of the target in conditions of shaking and rolling;

- increasing the range of the laser rangefinder and the safety of its radiation;

- detection and auto-tracking of objects observed by television channels in conditions of interference using their active-pulse illumination.

Practical example

The industrial applicability of the invention is determined by the fact that the proposed optoelectronic complex for optical detection, tracking and recognition of ground and air objects can be manufactured in accordance with the proposed description and drawings based on known components.

The main components of the stabilization and tracking unit can be torque motors of the DB-001M type developed by OA NPO Karat, VG071-3D gyroscopes of JSC Fizoptika, angle sensors INC-3-125-161001-SPI1-RFC6-5-AN by Zettlex , as well as an electronic engine control circuit, implemented on a domestic element base. The photodetector of a television channel in the visible range can be implemented on the basis of a modern megapixel sensitive CMOS matrix, for example, NPK Photonica. A television channel in the near infrared range (0.9 ... 1.7 µm) can be implemented on a multichannel photodetector with a 640 × 512 element format manufactured at NPO Orion. The thermal imaging channel of the far IR range (8 ... 12 microns) can be implemented on the basis of a cooled thermal imaging camera of the Yastreb DV type (TsNII Tsiklon) or a unified cooled photodetector MFPU based on a matrix of 640 × 512 elements of JSC OKB Astron and 2 -floor lens IPP SB RAS. The photodetector of the rangefinder channel can be implemented on the basis of FUO-157 FSUE NPO Orion or FPU-23 JSC Research Institute Polyus, laser emitters developed by NPO Karat JSC.

Claims (1)

An optoelectronic complex (OEC) for optical detection, tracking and recognition of ground and air objects, including an overview thermal imager (OT), with the ability to be installed on a remote or retractable mast, a television optical system (TOS) for accurate measurement of range, coordinates and identification type of objects of observation, including a block of optical receivers (OP) equipped with lenses with a focal length of 130, 490 and 1450 mm to ensure auto-tracking and identification of objects in the near, middle and far zones of their detection, and a laser rangefinder (LD), made with the possibility of circular view of the air and ground space in the azimuth plane and sector view in the range of elevation angles from -20 ° to + 90 °, installed on a rotary support device (OPU), and connected by interface communication lines through an electronic computer (computer) for object tracking and control (SU) power drives OPU with an automated workstation (AWP), control panel and a block of monitors for displaying the air and ground situation in the area of responsibility of the OEK, a second computer for controlling the review and processing of thermal imaging signals OT, a multichannel block of auto-capture and identification modules, characterized in that the survey thermal imager (OT) is double-field and has the same a television channel of the visible range has a wide and medium field of view and is made in the form of a gyro-stabilized biaxial detection device (GSPO) with the possibility of video recording, a television optical system (TOS) with a block of optical receivers is made in the form of a gyro-stabilized biaxial tracking device (GSS) of visible, short IR (SWIR) ) and far-infrared (LWIR) ranges with the same fields of view, with the possibility of video recording, the laser rangefinder is made of two-wavelength, including at a radiation wavelength safe for human eyes with the possibility of active-pulse illumination of the object observed in the TV (SWIR) channel ...

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