RU2757680C1 - System for automated accounting, monitoring and payment for services based on blockchain and cryptography technologies - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cryptography.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a system for automated accounting, monitoring and payment for services based on blockchain and cryptography technologies. The system comprises automated AWS of subscribers providing services, AWS of management companies, a server containing personal accounts of service consumer subscribers, a blockchain network, home consumption sensors of service consumer subscribers, communal consumption sensors of management company subscribers, an automated system for accounting and monitoring of measuring consumption sensors, multi-channel radio transmitting apparatus, a multiplexer, systems for automated measurement taking from consumption sensors, data buses, a separate bus for billing, payment and receipt issuing transactions, wherein the automated workstations (AWS) of service consumer subscribers, AWS of subscribers providing services, AWS of management companies are configured to form a data block for the blockchain network, encrypt the data using a public key, create an electronic digital signature, signing data using the electronic digital signature, retrieving the data corresponding to the subscriber from the blockchain network, decrypting the retrieved data using a private key, configured to download, update, and store the latest version of the block chain base of the blockchain network, AWS of service consumer subscribers are connected with the home consumption sensors of the subscribers and configured to form a data block based on the retrieved consumption sensor data and to transfer the formed data block via a bidirectional data bus to the blockchain network, AWS of management companies are connected with communal consumption sensors and configured to form a data block based on the retrieved consumption sensor data and to transfer the formed data block via a bidirectional data bus to the blockchain network, the system for automated accounting and monitoring of measuring consumption sensors is connected via a radio channel to the multi-channel radio transmitting apparatus associated with the multiplexer receiving the digital data from the systems for automated measurement taking from consumption sensors associated with the home consumption sensors of service consumer subscribers and the communal consumption sensors of management company subscribers, wherein the system for automated accounting and monitoring of measuring consumption sensors is configured to form a data block based on the retrieved data from consumption sensor and to transfer the formed data block via the data bus to the blockchain network, AWS of subscribers providing services are configured to form a payment bill for the services, encrypt the data of the bill with the public key, sign the data using the electronic digital signature and to transmit the data of the transaction to the blockchain network, to retrieve data from the personal accounts of service consumer subscribers, AWS of management companies are configured to form a payment bill for the services, encrypt the data of the bill with the public key, sign the data using the electronic digital signature and to transmit the data of the transaction to the blockchain network, to retrieve data from the personal accounts of service consumer subscribers, AWS of service consumer subscribers are configured to retrive the encrypted data of the bill related to the subscriber from the blockchain network, to decrypt the data with the private key, to execute the payment transaction according to the data of the received bill through the server by means of the personal account of the corresponding subscriber, wherein AWS of the service consumer subscribers are connected via the blockchain network and the bidirectional data bus with the AWS of management companies, connected via the bidirectional data bus, the blockchain network and the separate bus for billing, payment and receipt issuing transactions with AWS of the subscribers providing services, connected via the bidirectional data bus and the blockchain network with AWS of the subscribers providing services, the server and the personal accounts corresponding to the subscribers, AWS of the subscribers providing services are connected via the separate bus for billing, payment and receipt issuing transactions and via the bidirectional data bus with the AWS of management companies, connected via the data bus with the system for automated accounting and monitoring of measuring consumption sensors, connected via the separate bus for billing, payment and receipt issuing transactions with the server and the private accounts of the service consumer subscribers, AWS of management companies are connected via the bidirectional data bus with the server and the private accounts of the service consumer subscribers, wherein the AWS of the service consumer subscribers, the AWS of subscribers providing services, the AWS of management companies, the server form distributed registers of all transactions for accounting, monitoring and payment for services in the blockchain network separately for service consumer subscribers, subscribers providing services, subscribers of management companies, and servers.

EFFECT: increasing the security of executing transactions.

1 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates

The invention relates to systems for collecting and transmitting data for their controlling and accounting with billing payment for services received based on cryptographic blockchain technologies within a single network of housing stock of districts, prefectures, districts or cities.

State of the art

There is a possible practical application of blockchain technologies in the field of housing and communal services (HCS), where the parties to the consumption of services and their provision do not trust each other. The properties and capabilities of blockchain technology for controlling and billing in housing and communal services completely eliminate the contradictions that have arisen (see Kemaykin N.K. Blockchain technologies in the field of housing and communal services // Society: politics, economics, law, 2017, ISSN 2071-9701).

A known disadvantage of the proposed schemes is the lack of development in them of a specific structure and technology of the blockchain network itself and the model of subscribers, their participants: subscribers-consumers of services, subscribers-service providers. At the same time, it follows from the above source that blockchain technology increases the efficiency of controlling and billing, especially in the field of housing and communal services.

Known is a computationally efficient system for processing, transferring and auditing readings of measuring instruments, in which calculations (transactions) between users are carried out on the basis of blockchain technology.

It mainly deals with the process of monetary transactions on well-known blockchain technologies in financial institutions (US 20170109735 A1). In (US 20170109735 A1), it is noted that the introduction of blockchain technology in housing and communal services could solve the problem of non-transparency of calculations of the cost of services provided, and trace the entire path of the transaction from its computer to the end. This is especially true of funds earned by managed companies through lease agreements for non-residential premises under its jurisdiction. This was already mentioned in (Kemaykin N.K. Blockchain technologies in the field of housing and communal services // Society: politics, economics, law, 2017 ISSN 2071-9701).

The closest to the invention in terms of the technological problem being solved is an automated control system for the process of transmitting digital data over a multi-service network of the housing stock (patent RU 2284562 "Automated system for controlling the process of transferring digital data over a multi-service network of the housing stock"), containing a single fiber-optic network, each of which includes a bi-directional channel for bi-directional data transmission in the direction of subscriber devices, for example, his computer, and from subscriber devices made using a single fiber-optic network and a bi-directional bus (house switch) connected to personal computers, sensors are connected in each residential building consumption of cold (hot) water, electricity, gas, both residential and general with the ability to convert analog, electromechanical, mechanical, acoustic, light and other signals into electrical signals in digital form for their transmission, processing and registration, territorial authorities are connected to a single fiber-optic network.

This automated system for managing the process of transmitting digital data over the multiservice network of the housing stock is aimed at expanding the functionality of the system for controlling the process of transferring digital data while reducing the cost of the system and providing the ability to connect the entire population of the housing stock with an automated digital data system.

The disadvantage of such a multiservice system is the lack of cryptographic stability of digital data transmission when making money transactions, paying subscribers for the services they have consumed, which leads to the possibility of unauthorized persons violating the integrity and reliability of data, as well as the inability to control the legality of all transactions of all network participants by all participants in the blockchain network.

This takes into account the condition that subscribers, both consumers of services and centers providing services, are not professional cryptographers and users of the corresponding computer technologies, and miners play a role that differs from the role of cryptocurrency miners.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The technical result to be achieved by the present invention is to expand the functionality of an automated system for accounting, control and payment for services based on blockchain, hashchain and cryptography technologies, which consists in controlling and cryptographically strong billing of the entire chain of transactions between subscribers-consumers of services and subscribers that provide services , as well as between management companies and subscribers who receive services for the maintenance of residential premises and control by all subscribers of the network of contracts concluded by management companies with third-party organizations for non-residential properties of homeowners.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the functionality of the automated system for accounting, control and payment for services based on blockchain, hashchain and cryptography technologies is expanded due to the introduction of three interconnected algorithms for its cryptographic stable functioning.

Algorithms and basic operations performed by network subscribers are given below. They use the following designations for operations and general parameters:

- множество всех возможных абонентов;- Many "Subscribers"

- the set of all possible subscribers;

» - Закрытый ключ шифрования, используется для шифрации одной стороной;- "

»- Private encryption key, used for encryption by one side;

» - Открытый ключ шифрования, используется для дешифрации другой стороной;- "

»- Public encryption key, used for decryption by the other party;

» - Закрытый ключ шифрования, используется для дешифрации сообщений одной стороной;- "

»- Private encryption key, used to decrypt messages by one side;

» - Открытый ключ шифрования, используется для шифрации сообщений второй стороной. Также «адрес» потребителя услуг;- "

»- Public encryption key, used to encrypt messages by the second party. Also, the "address" of the consumer of the service;

- множество всех возможных поставщиков услуг;- Lots of "Service Providers"

- the set of all possible service providers;

» - Закрытый ключ шифрования ЭЦП (электронной цифровой подписи), используется для шифрации одной стороной;- "

»- Private key for encryption of EDS (electronic digital signature), used for encryption by one party;

» - Открытый ключ шифрования ЭЦП, используется для дешифрации другой стороной;- "

»- EDS public key, used for decryption by the other party;

» - Закрытый ключ шифрования, используется для дешифрации сообщений оригинальной стороной;- "

»- Private encryption key, used to decrypt messages by the original party;

» - Открытый ключ шифрования, используется для шифрации сообщений второй стороной. Так же «адрес» поставщика услуг;- "

»- Public encryption key, used to encrypt messages by the second party. Also the "address" of the service provider;

- множество всех возможных майнеров;- Many "Miners"

- a lot of all possible miners;

» - Закрытый ключ шифрования ЭЦП, используется для шифрации оригинальной стороной;- "

»- Private EDS encryption key, used for encryption by the original party;

» - Открытый ключ шифрования ЭЦП, используется для дешифрации другой стороной;- "

»- EDS public key, used for decryption by the other party;

» - Закрытый ключ шифрования, используется для дешифрации сообщений оригинальной стороной;- "

»- Private encryption key, used to decrypt messages by the original party;

» - Открытый ключ шифрования, используется для шифрации сообщений второй стороной. Также «адрес» майнера;- "

»- Public encryption key, used to encrypt messages by the second party. Also the "address" of the miner;

- множество всех возможных управляющих компаний;- Many Management Companies

- many of all possible management companies;

» - Закрытый ключ шифрования ЭЦП, используется для шифрации оригинальной стороной;- "

»- Private EDS encryption key, used for encryption by the original party;

» - Открытый ключ шифрования ЭЦП, используется для дешифрации другой стороной;- "

»- EDS public key, used for decryption by the other party;

» - Закрытый ключ шифрования, используется для дешифрации сообщений оригинальной стороной;- "

»- Private encryption key, used to decrypt messages by the original party;

» - Открытый ключ шифрования, используется для шифрации сообщений второй стороной. Также «адрес» майнера;- "

»- Public encryption key, used to encrypt messages by the second party. Also the "address" of the miner;

- множество всех возможных транзакций;- Many "Transactions (internal blocks)"

- the set of all possible transactions;

- передаваемые данные;-

- transmitted data;

- LPWAN - (English Low-power Wide-area Network - "energy-efficient long-range network") - wireless technology for transmitting small-volume data over long distances;

- все возможные блоки;- Lots of blocks

- all possible blocks;

» - Номер блока цепи;- "

"- Chain block number;

» - Время создания блока;- "

»- Block creation time;

» - Случайный параметр;- "

"- Random parameter;

» - значение хеша предыдущего блока.- "

"- the hash value of the previous block.

Algorithm 1

The algorithm for concluding a contract (Fig. 1) between a subscriber consuming services and a subscriber providing services, providing:

- controlling the activity of service providers for payment of services by each end user of the network;

- automatic control and preservation of the integrity of data provided by subscribers from their distortion by unauthorized persons;

- reducing the cost of maintaining the network by eliminating unnecessary intermediaries.

These functions are achieved by introducing cryptographically strong hashing of internal and external blocks and by organizing a distributed ledger between all network subscribers.

Algorithm description:

заполняет данные бланка контракта

поставщика услуг

, зашифровывает их с помощью

, создает

: Step 1. Subscriber

fills in the data of the contract form

service provider

, encrypts them with

, creates

:

, посылает его в сеть БЧ, где блок попадает в очередь всех еще не включенных во внешние боки цепи.Having formed your internal block

, sends it to the warhead network, where the block enters the queue of all those not yet included in the outer sides of the chain.

с учетом предыдущего хеша внешнего блока цепи БЧ

и данных всех внутренних находящихся в очереди:

, после успешного формирования, посылает внешний блок по реестру, где тот становится частью БЧ контрактов. Step 2. The miner prepares an external block

taking into account the previous hash of the external block of the warhead chain

and the data of all the internal ones in the queue:

, after successful formation, sends an external block to the registry, where it becomes part of the BC of contracts.

внутренний блок

. Вскрывает его своим секретным ключом шифрования

, дополняет свою часть в данные контракта

, оформляет свой внутренний блок

и посылает его в сеть БЧ, где блок попадает в очередь всех еще не оформленных во внешний бок цепи. Step 3. The service provider finds in the data of the external blocks of the BC network, addressed to him from the subscriber

indoor unit

... Reveals it with his private encryption key

, supplements its part in the contract data

, draws up its internal block

and sends it to the warhead network, where the block enters the queue of all not yet issued to the outer side of the chain.

с учетом предыдущего хеша внешнего блока цепи БЧ

и данных всех внутренних находящихся в очереди:

, после успешного формирования, посылает внешний блок по реестру, где тот становится частью БЧ контрактов. Step 4. The miner prepares an external block

taking into account the previous hash of the external block of the warhead chain

and the data of all the internal ones in the queue:

, after successful formation, sends an external block to the registry, where it becomes part of the BC of contracts.

находит в данных внешних блоков сети БЧ адресованный ему от поставщика услуг

внутренний блок

. Вскрывает своим секретным ключом

, подписывает данные контракта

, оформляет новый внутренний блок

после, направляет в сеть БЧ, где блок попадает в очередь всех еще не оформленных во внешний бок цепи. Step 5. Subscriber

finds in the data of external blocks of the network the warhead addressed to him from the service provider

indoor unit

... Reveals with his private key

, signs the contract data

, draws up a new indoor unit

after that, it sends the warheads to the network, where the block enters the queue of all those not yet issued to the outer side of the chain.

с учетом предыдущего хеша внешнего блока цепи БЧ

и данных всех внутренних находящихся в очереди:

, после успешного формирования, посылает внешний блок по реестру, где тот становится частью БЧ контрактов. Step 6. The miner prepares an external block

taking into account the previous hash of the external block of the warhead chain

and the data of all the internal ones in the queue:

, after successful formation, sends an external block to the registry, where it becomes part of the BC of contracts.

внутренний блок

. Вскрывает своим секретным ключом шифрования уже сформированный и подписанный контракт.As a result, the service provider finds in the data of the external blocks of the BC network addressed to him from the subscriber

indoor unit

... It opens the already formed and signed contract with its private encryption key.

Algorithm 2

Algorithm for monitoring metering devices and paying bills to service providers by subscribers consuming services in manual mode (Fig. 2) or automatic mode (Fig. 3) measurements at the consumer object, which allows:

- ensuring the cryptographic stability of algorithms with a significant decrease in cyberattacks on the network, which increases the reliability of its operation;

- the transparency of the activities of all participants in the network of housing and communal services allows them to identify violations in the network, which in turn reduces the waste of funds and, as a result, reduces the costs of consumers of services and service providers;

- cryptographic stability of billing of all network participants makes it impossible for computer attacks on network subscribers.

These goals are achieved by the introduction of blockchain technology and cryptographic keys using double key technology: the public part of the key and the private (private) part of the key of all network participants are individual, as well as the introduction of a distributed registry and a legal entity that provides a service in the form of a public service body.

Description of the control algorithm for measuring instruments and payment of bills to service providers by subscribers who consume services in manual mode:

записывает данные счетчика

. Шифрует

с помощью

и подписывает

: Step 1. Subscriber

writes counter data

... Encrypts

by using

and signs

:

, посылает его в сеть БЧ, где блок попадает в очередь всех еще не включенных во внешние боки цепи.Having formed your internal block

, sends it to the warhead network, where the block enters the queue of all those not yet included in the outer sides of the chain.

с учетом предыдущего хеша внешнего блока цепи БЧ

и данных всех внутренних находящихся в очереди:

, после успешного формирования, посылает внешний блок по реестру, где тот становится частью БЧ контрактов. Step 2. The miner prepares an external block

taking into account the previous hash of the external block of the warhead chain

and the data of all the internal ones in the queue:

, after successful formation, sends an external block to the registry, where it becomes part of the BC of contracts.

находит в данных внешних блоков сети БЧ адресованный ему от абонента

внутренний блок

. Вскрывает его своим секретным ключом шифрования

. На основании данных

,

формирует счет

на оплату услуг для

, шифрует их открытым ключом

и подписывает

Step 3. Service provider

finds in the data of external blocks of the BC network addressed to him from the subscriber

indoor unit

... Reveals it with his private encryption key

... Based on data

,

forms an invoice

to pay for services for

, encrypts them with the public key

and signs

, посылает его в сеть БЧ, где блок попадает в очередь всех еще не включенных во внешние боки цепи.Having formed your internal block

, sends it to the warhead network, where the block enters the queue of all those not yet included in the outer sides of the chain.

с учетом предыдущего хеша внешнего блока цепи БЧ

и данных всех внутренних находящихся в очереди:

, после успешного формирования, посылает внешний блок по реестру, где тот становится частью БЧ контрактов. Step 4. The miner prepares an external block

taking into account the previous hash of the external block of the warhead chain

and the data of all the internal ones in the queue:

, after successful formation, sends an external block to the registry, where it becomes part of the BC of contracts.

находит в данных внешних блоков сети БЧ адресованный ему от поставщика услуг

внутренний блок

. Вскрывает своим секретным ключом

счет

от поставщика услуг и проводит оплату через Госуслуги посредством личного кабинета. Step 5. Subscriber

finds in the data of external blocks of the network the warhead addressed to him from the service provider

indoor unit

... Reveals with his private key

check

from the service provider and conducts payment through the State Services through a personal account.

. Step 6. Public services transfer money to the service provider

...

Description of the algorithm for monitoring metering devices and paying bills to service providers by subscribers consuming services in automatic mode:

с помощью мониторинговой системы LPWAN и передает поставщику услуг

. Step 1. Data is taken from meters with a radio channel

using the LPWAN monitoring system and transfers to the service provider

...

принимает данные

от автоматической системы сбора и формирует счет

на оплату услуг для

, шифрует их открытым ключом

и подписывает

Step 2. Service provider

accepts data

from an automatic collection system and generates an invoice

to pay for services for

, encrypts them with the public key

and signs

, посылает его в сеть БЧ, где блок попадает в очередь всех еще не включенных во внешние боки цепи.Having formed your internal block

, sends it to the warhead network, where the block enters the queue of all those not yet included in the outer sides of the chain.

с учетом предыдущего хеша внешнего блока цепи БЧ

и данных всех внутренних находящихся в очереди:

, после успешного формирования, посылает внешний блок по реестру, где тот становится частью БЧ контрактов. Step 3. The miner prepares an external block

taking into account the previous hash of the external block of the warhead chain

and the data of all the internal ones in the queue:

, after successful formation, sends an external block to the registry, where it becomes part of the BC of contracts.

находит в данных внешних блоков сети БЧ адресованный ему от поставщика услуг

внутренний блок

. Вскрывает своим секретным ключом

счет

от поставщика услуг и проводит оплату через Госуслуги посредством личного кабинета. Step 4. and Step 5. Subscriber

finds in the data of external blocks of the network the warhead addressed to him from the service provider

indoor unit

... Reveals with his private key

check

from the service provider and conducts payment through the State Services through a personal account.

. Step 6.and Step 7 . Government services transfer money to a service provider

...

Algorithm 3

Algorithm of data exchange between subscribers-consumers of services and the management company when it concludes contracts with third-party organizations for the lease of non-residential premises of the housing stock should be transparent for all network participants (Fig. 4).

This is achieved by introducing a distributed ledger of all transactions in the direction carried out by the management company, i.e. each consumer of services is aware of the concluded external contracts.

Algorithm description:

формирует счет

на оплату услуг для

, шифрует их открытым ключом

и подписывает

Step 1. Management company

forms an invoice

to pay for services for

, encrypts them with the public key

and signs

, посылает его в сеть БЧ, где блок попадает в очередь всех еще не включенных во внешние боки цепи.Having formed your internal block

, sends it to the warhead network, where the block enters the queue of all those not yet included in the outer sides of the chain.

с учетом предыдущего хеша внешнего блока цепи БЧ

и данных всех внутренних находящихся в очереди:

, после успешного формирования, посылает внешний блок по реестру, где тот становится частью БЧ контрактов. Step 2. The miner prepares an external block

taking into account the previous hash of the external block of the warhead chain

and the data of all the internal ones in the queue:

, after successful formation, sends an external block to the registry, where it becomes part of the BC of contracts.

находит в данных внешних блоков сети БЧ адресованный ему от управляющей компании

внутренний блок

. Вскрывает своим секретным ключом

счет

и проводит оплату через Госуслуги посредством личного кабинета. Step 3. Subscriber

finds in the data of external blocks of the BC network addressed to him from the management company

indoor unit

... Reveals with his private key

check

and conducts payment through the State Services through a personal account.

. Step 4. and Step 5. Government services transfer money to the management company

...

Thus, the technical task of creating a system of transactions in the structures of housing and communal services has been solved, which has new functional capabilities of an automated system for accounting, control and payment for services based on blockchain and hashchain technologies and cryptography, which allows controlling the activities of the service provider, for paying for services by each consumer. while maintaining the integrity of the data, their reliability, ensure the cryptographic stability of data exchange algorithms between subscribers-consumers of services, subscribers providing services and management companies from cyber attacks on the network, ensuring the transparency of the activities of all network entities while reducing the cost of control bodies in the network of housing and communal services ...

On the basis of these three algorithms, a structural diagram of a system of automated accounting, control and payment for services based on blockchain, hashchain and cryptography technologies has been developed and its description is given in the drawing (Fig. 5).

The system of automated accounting, control and payment for services based on blockchain, hashchain and cryptography technologies includes K i-th subscribers-consumers of services 1,2, ..., k, the outputs of which are connected through bidirectional data buses 4,6 through the blockchain network 5, connecting subscribers-consumers of services with the input of the management company (MC), as well as the outputs of subscribers-consumers of services through the automated accounting system for monitoring measuring sensors (ACS ID) and the data exchange bus 9 with the counters of subscribers-consumers of services, to the inputs of the data exchange bus 14 structures of payment for services at the inputs of m subscribers providing services: 15, 16, ..., M, as well as the outputs of subscribers-recipients of services through the blockchain network 7, connecting the subscribers-consumers of services through the data bus 11 with the transaction bus 14 'for billing payment for the service and issuance of a receipt for payment to the outputs of subscribers providing services, as well as outputs of subscribers providing services are connected through the blockchain network 8 between recipient subscribers services and the management company through the data bus 10, data buses 12 to the inputs of public services (PG) and the data bus 13 to the inputs of subscribers providing services who have communication on bidirectional buses 14 and 4 through bidirectional communication lines 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 with the inputs of state services of the State Administration with the inputs of subscribers-consumers of the services of the management company, an automated accounting system for monitoring the measuring sensors SAUK ID. The exits of subscribers-consumers of servants are connected through personal accounts of public services 18, 19, ..., to with the management company of the UK and subscribers providing services. At the same time, distributed registers of subscribers consuming services 21, management company 22, government services 23 and subscribers providing services 24 are created.

For a more understandable purpose of the blocks of the scheme of functioning of the system of automated accounting, control and payment for services based on blockchain, hashchain and cryptography technologies (Fig. 5), it is advisable to consider its operation in the modes of collection and formation of data from sensors of consumption by subscribers by service consumers (Fig. 6), formation subscribers - consumers of account services and the process of their payment (Fig. 7), functioning of the distributed register of the scheme of payment for services by subscribers by consumers of services (Fig. 8).

Let us consider the scheme for collecting and generating data from consumption sensors by consumers of services in automatic mode (Fig. 6), as the most general, since the scheme in manual mode is a special case of an automatic scheme. Symbols used in the diagram:

- APU-subscriber - consumer of services;

- ID-individual sensor;

- ASI - automated measurement system;

- MP - multiplexer;

- MRPU - multichannel radio transmitting device;

- A-antenna;

- SOU or AOU - a service providing a service or a subscriber providing a service;

- FBCHS - internal data block of the service providing the service;

- FBnbch - external blockchain of data of the general network;

- GU - public services;

- LCA-APU personal account.

A block diagram of the collection and generation of data from consumption sensors for structures providing services is shown in the drawing (Fig. 6).

The data collection subsystem works as follows. Subscribers, consumers of services (APUj), have a set of measuring sensors IDn in each individual apartment, the inputs of which are verified with the energy carriers of the apartment, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of automated measurement pickup with ID (ASIj), which convert measurements of different IDs into digital form. The outputs of the ASIj are connected to the inputs of the multiplexer (MP) controlled by the polling generator (GO), and the output of the MP is connected to a multichannel radio transmitting device (MRPU), which converts digital video signals from the output of the MP into radio signals and is emitted into space using the antenna (A), and thus, the signal arrives at the receiver of the server with n - gateways already in the form of a demodulated video signal. Further, from the exit of the gateways, it is packaged into the inputs corresponding to the corresponding service delivery system (SDS), and their outputs go to the blocks for forming the blockchain structures of the FBUSK, in which electronic accounts for the consumption of services and the receipt of their payment for each subscriber of the consumer of services (APUj) are generated and fed to them outputs Bxj for the purpose of monitoring and collecting data from external meters in the structure, to which the individual prices of an individual house are allocated. The system for the provision of services (SOUn) receives this data in automatic mode and generates the corresponding column in the invoice for payment to the subscriber to the consumer of services, and in addition, each SOUn receives a separate blockchain receipt from the management company to keep track of the amount of general house expenses. Here is an algorithm for generating receipts for payment of subscribers-consumers of services to services that provide services:

Step 1. N subscribers of consumers of services have measuring sensors for accounting of utilities. M measuring sensors collect data with a specified frequency, after which the data from the sensors is sent to N devices for automated data retrieval.

Step 2. The multiplexer of the automated data collection systems receives data from the automated data collection devices, as well as from the automated data collection polling generator.

Step 3. The multichannel radio transmitting device receives data from the multiplexer, which, after processing, is transmitted over the radio channel.

Step 4. Then the data goes to the server and is distributed among the services providing services.

Step 5. Services of the implementation of services form blocks-receipts and send them to the network.

Let us consider the algorithm of payment by subscribers by consumers of services according to the invoice presented to them. The drawing (Fig. 7) shows a block diagram of the formation of payment by a subscriber-consumer of services (AUJ) of the presented invoice for services.

After receiving the APUj account, on a personal computer with pre-installed software (electronic standard form, public and private keys, hashing program of the indoor unit, digital electronic signature, personal account (LCj) previously opened in public services (GU), in which a personal safe is formed ) in the form of an automated workstation (AWP) fills in the received account and in the IF forms an internal blockchain (FBIj), which is sent to the miner via the data bus to form an external blockchain block (FVnvij).

The miner who formed the block sends to government services to pay the bill through the personal safe of the personal account (LCj) of the subscriber. The consumer of services (APSj) and the GU make direct payments to each system providing the service (SOUn).

Having received the payment, SOUn writes out a receipt and sends it to the subscriber to the recipient of the service (APUj) through its blockchain network. This completes the cycle of exchange of AAPj and SOUn. Monetary transactions of subscribers of consumers of services with services for the provision of services consist of the following operations:

Step 1. Subscribers, consumers of services through their personal account on the website of public services, having information about the current state of counters and debts, are going to pay for the services.

Step 2. The formation of the indoor unit, which contains all the necessary information, is taking place.

Step 3. The indoor unit is transferred to the bus, formed into an external unit and enters the network. Thus, the receipt is paid.

Step 4. Payment details are displayed in your personal account.

Step 5. Funds are transferred to the account of government services, which in turn distribute funds to service providers.

In order to ensure controlling and transparency of settlements, a distributed register of these payments is organized. The drawing (Fig. 8) shows a diagram of the functioning of the distributed register of payment for services by subscribers-consumers of services, in which all receipts for payment for services included by the miner in the common line of the blockchain network of all subscribers are sent from the FVnbchk to the database inputs of each APUj from the inputs of the SOUn and outputs FBUSn.

The formation of a blockchain network with a distributed ledger consists of the following operations:

Step 1. At the entrance, an internal block is formed, which contains data ready to be written to the blockchain network.

Step 2. The block is transferred to one of the external block generators of the network for checking and writing to the network.

Step 3. The new block enters the network, and is displayed in the personal account on the website of the state services of the subscriber of the consumer of services, to inform the current state of the meters and pay for utilities.

Brief Description of Drawings:

FIG. 1 - Algorithm for concluding a contract between a subscriber and a service provider.

FIG. 2 - Algorithm for control of measuring devices and payment of invoices to service providers (manual mode).

FIG. 3 - Algorithm for monitoring metering devices and paying bills to service providers (automatic mode).

FIG. 4 - Algorithm for the exchange of subscriber data with the management company.

FIG. 5 - A system of automated accounting, control and payment for services based on blockchain, hashchain and cryptography technologies.

FIG. 6 - Block diagram of collection and formation of data from consumption sensors by service consumers.

FIG. 7 - Block diagram of the formation of payment by a subscriber-consumer of services.

FIG. 8 - Scheme of functioning of the distributed register of payment for services by subscribers-consumers of services.

FIG. 9 - Scheme of building a structure with a separate blockchain network for each mode of operation of the system.

FIG. 10 - Scheme of building a structure for generating an invoice for using a service and paying for it with a common blockchain network.

Implementation of the invention

Options for the implementation of a system of automated accounting, control and payment for services based on blockchain technology, hashchain and cryptography.

The first option (Fig. 9) is built on the basis of a structure with a separate blockchain network for each operating mode of the system.

There are 4 types of subscribers for the network. Subscribers - consumers of services (APU), subscribers of services providing services (SOU), subscribers of management companies (MC) and third-party subscribers (CA).

). За абонентами управляющих компаний закреплены общедомовые счетчики (

). Счетчики могут быть подключены к общей системе автоматизированного мониторирования (

). В этом случае съем информации происходит в автоматическом режиме, и отсылается системой на общую шину данных (ЩД1). В ситуациях, когда счетчики не подключены к общей системе автоматизированного мониторинга, возможна реализация ручного съема информации - абоненты отсылают данные счетчиков вручную или через автоматизированное рабочее место (АРМ). Так же предусмотрено подключение к системе СА не имеющими собственных счетчиков услуг но чье подключение необходимо в рамках жилищно-коммунальных отношений.For subscribers, consumers of services are assigned apartment service meters (

). Subscribers of management companies are assigned general house meters (

). Counters can be connected to a common automated monitoring system (

). In this case, the information is retrieved automatically, and is sent by the system to the common data bus (SD1). In situations where the meters are not connected to the general automated monitoring system, it is possible to implement manual information retrieval - subscribers send meter data manually or through an automated workstation (AWS). It is also provided for the connection to the CA system by those who do not have their own service meters, but whose connection is necessary within the framework of housing and communal relations.

), включающий шлюз доступа к ШД1 и сети блокчейн (БЧ).Each subscriber works with the system through an automated workstation (AWS). AWP automatically interacts with the warhead network for data exchange. The functionality of the AWS includes: algorithms for storing personal data, crypto-transformation, hashing, the ability to download, update and store the current version of the base of the block chain of the blockchain network (BC) to participate in the formation of a distributed register. If the subscriber is not interested in maintaining the integrity and decentralization of the network, the AWS has the functionality of exchanging data on the state of the warhead from an authorized server of public services (GU) through a personal account in the system of public services (

), which includes an access gateway to SHD1 and the blockchain network (BC).

Within the framework of information exchange, subscribers form internal data blocks. The internal data block is formed by means of AWP and contains the addresses of the recipient and the sender, the digital signature of the sender, the timestamp and the minimum comprehensive information about the subject and parameters of the transaction, then data (information about the meter data, invoices for services, checks, receipts). Data can be encrypted by means of AWP to maintain confidentiality.

After formation, the internal blocks are sent to the common data bus (which all subscribers have access to reading), and to the queue of other external data blocks that are waiting for their inclusion in the next external block of the warhead.

The external block of the BC contains an array of internal subscriber blocks, limited by the size of the contained data, their hash sums, the hash sum of the previous external block of the chain and its own complex hash sum.

When the external block is formed, and its hash-sum matches the current complexity of the system, it goes to the common data bus, where it is read by the servers of the GU and AWP of subscribers participating in the decentralization of the network. Any subscriber can view transactions of the external block and confirm the fact of their existence, in situations where it is necessary to maintain confidentiality, the internal block will be encrypted with an asymmetric encryption algorithm and the subject and parameters of such a transaction will remain secret (addresses, signature, and hash amount will remain publicly available, providing transparency) ...

A personal account or AWP directly accepts the necessary transactions and processes them with algorithms corresponding to their subject area.

GU are a trusted state body whose responsibilities, according to the logic of the general algorithm, include: maintaining and monitoring the security of users' personal accounts and access channels to them, providing subscribers with servers that store the current chain of BC units and access to these servers, maintaining the operability of objects forming external blocks.

With the help of such a system, it is possible to implement the following types of transactions: issuing an invoice for the use of the service from the SOU to the AAP or from the Criminal Code to the AAP, paying the bill for using the service through the GU website with duplicate receipts into the BC network, recording a copy of the contract between the SOU and the AAP into the BC system ...

The second option (Fig. 10) is based on the formation of an invoice for the use of the service and its payment, which is based on a common blockchain network.

To start generating an invoice for the service, a Network Participant who has the right (SOU, UK, CA), hereinafter referred to as the “requesting party”, must receive data from the SC / SLM (if any) of the AAP, hereinafter “receiving party”, this happens either through access to SAUKiID or the formation of a request through the GU network.

In the first case, the requesting side sends the data of the MF / SLM to the ACSKiID, which reads the data of the required MF / SLM, forms them into the internal block, after that, it is sent via SD1 to the warhead network, and is included in the last external block in the chain queue. As soon as the external unit including the message with the data of the SC / SLM is checked, the requesting party automatically reads them from the SD1 through the LC or directly from the AWP.

In the second case, the requesting party makes a request in the GU system, the request is displayed in the LC or on the AWS of the receiving party. The latter must read the data of the MF / SLM manually and enter them into the internal data block by means of the AWP, which will send the internal unit via SD1 to the BC network, where it will be included in the last external unit in the chain queue. As soon as the external unit that includes the message with the data of the MF / SLM passes the check, the requesting party reads the data of the MF / SLM from the SD1 through the LC or directly from the AWP, in automatic mode.

After the requesting party has received the data of the SC / SLM (if any), the formation of an account to the receiving party begins. Account data (representing comprehensive information required for payment) are generated in the internal block and sent to SD1, where the warhead will be included in the last external block in the chain queue. As soon as it is verified, the receiving party automatically reads the data from SD1 through the PC or directly from the AWP, and familiarizes itself with the composition of the account.

Then the receiving party pays the bill through the GU system, after successful completion, the payment receipt data is sent to the requesting party through the BC network in a manner similar to clause 2 of this algorithm. Receipt of funds by the requesting party takes place routinely in accordance with the provision of the law.

Claims (25)

A system of automated accounting, control and payment for services based on blockchain and cryptography technologies, containing: automated workstations (AWS) for subscribers of service consumers, AWP of subscribers providing services, AWP of management companies, a server containing personal accounts of service consumers, blockchain network, apartment consumption sensors of service consumers, common building consumption sensors of subscribers of management companies, a system of automated accounting and control over consumption measuring sensors, multichannel radio transmitter, multiplexer, systems for automated reading of measurements from consumption sensors, data buses, a separate bus for transactions for billing, payment for services and issuance of receipts, at the same time, automated workstations (AWS) of subscribers of service consumers, AWPs of subscribers who provide services, AWPs of management companies are made with the possibility of forming a data block for the blockchain network, encrypting this data using a public key, creating an EDS, signing data using EDS, obtaining the corresponding to this subscriber of data from the blockchain network, decrypting the received data using a private key, with the ability to download, update and store the current version of the blockchain database of the blockchain network, AWPs of subscribers of service consumers are connected to the apartment consumption sensors of these subscribers and are configured to form a data block based on the received data from the consumption sensors and transfer the generated data block through a bidirectional data bus to the blockchain network, AWPs of management companies are connected to common building consumption sensors and are configured to form a data block based on the received data from consumption sensors and transfer the generated data block through a bidirectional data bus to the blockchain network, an automated metering and control system for consumption meters via a radio channel is connected to a multichannel radio transmitting device connected to a multiplexer, which receives digital data from systems for automated reading of measurements from consumption sensors connected to apartment consumption sensors of service consumers and to general house consumption sensors of subscribers of management companies, at the same time, the automated accounting and control system for measuring consumption sensors is configured to generate a data block based on the received data from consumption sensors and transfer the generated data block through the data bus to the blockchain network, AWPs of subscribers providing services are made with the possibility of generating an invoice for payment of services, encrypting the account data with a public key, signing this data using an EDS and transferring the data of this transaction to the blockchain network, receiving data from the personal accounts of service consumers, AWPs of management companies are capable of generating an invoice for payment for services, encrypting the account data with a public key, signing this data using an EDS and transferring the data of this transaction to the blockchain network, receiving data from the personal accounts of service consumers, AWS of subscribers of services consumers are made with the possibility of receiving from the blockchain network encrypted account data related to this subscriber, decrypting this data with a private key, conducting a payment transaction according to the received invoice data through the server through the personal account of the corresponding subscriber, at the same time, the AWS of subscribers of services consumers are connected through the blockchain network and a bidirectional data bus with the AWS of management companies, through a bidirectional data bus, a blockchain network and through a separate bus of transactions for billing, payment for services and issuance of receipts, are connected with the AWS of subscribers who provide services through a bidirectional the data bus and the blockchain network are connected with the AWP of subscribers providing services, with the server and with the personal accounts corresponding to these subscribers, AWS of subscribers providing services through a separate bus of transactions for billing, payment for services and issuance of receipts and through a bidirectional data bus are connected to AWPs of management companies, through a data bus they are connected to the system of automated accounting and control over consumption measuring sensors, through a separate bus of transactions on billing, payment for services and issuance of receipts are associated with the server and personal accounts of subscribers of service consumers, AWPs of management companies through a bidirectional data bus are connected to the server and to the personal accounts of subscribers of service consumers, at the same time, the AWS of subscribers of service consumers, AWS of subscribers providing services, AWP of management companies, the server ensure the formation in the blockchain network of distributed registers of all accounting transactions, control and payment for services separately for subscribers of service consumers, subscribers providing services, subscribers of management companies and servers.

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