RU2750827C1 - Method for manufacturing high-pressure vessel and apparatus for impregnating reinforcing material with binding agent for implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: gas equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of gas equipment and can be used in gas, aviation, ship-building, automobile and related branches of industry. Proposed is a method for manufacturing a high-pressure vessel, including manufacturing a liner and forming a power shell from a reinforcing material and a binding agent. The power shell is formed by laying one coil of a dry reinforcing material on the liner while simultaneously impregnating the laid coil with a binding agent located in a bath placed directly under the liner installed in the winding apparatus. The coil of the reinforcing material therein is impregnated with a binding agent by immersing a part of the vessel into a bath filled with a heated binding agent. Also proposed is an apparatus for impregnating the reinforcing material with a binding agent.

EFFECT: increased manufacturability of a high pressure vessel by facilitating manufacture, reducing material and labour consumption, as well as increased strength of the composite power shell of the high pressure vessel.

14 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of gas equipment (gas equipment) and can be used in gas, aviation, shipbuilding, automotive, space and related industries, where composite (metal-plastic, metal-composite) vessels and high pressure cylinders (hereinafter referred to as HP cylinders) are used filled with compressed or liquefied gas.

Known methods of manufacturing HP cylinders using the process of winding (molding) outer power plastic (composite) shells (hereinafter referred to as the force shell) on the inner sealed shell - a metal or polymer liner (hereinafter referred to as the liner). To form a load-bearing shell by means of winding, various reinforcing materials are used - mineral (glass, basalt, coal, etc.), metal, as well as organic and polymer fibers in the form of threads, whiskers, ribbons, rovings and / or bundles (hereinafter - reinforcing materials). For the impregnation of reinforcing materials, various binding components are used as a matrix: resins, polymers and metal solutions (hereinafter referred to as the binder). From the prior art, two methods of winding power liner shells are known: "dry" and "wet" (DV Rosato, KS Grove. Glass fiber winding. - M .: Mashinostroenie, 1969).

"Dry" winding (see Fig. 1) is the winding of prepregs made of reinforcing materials 2 (pre-impregnated with a binder component and dried) from the coil 1 to the liner 3.

"Dry" winding is the simplest winding method, and in inventions with the use of "dry" winding, no methods for optimizing the winding process have been identified, but the differences lie in the use of various reinforcing materials (fiberglass in RU 2098279 C1 and RU 2209362 C1, carbon fiber in SU 1635418 A1, basalt plastic in RU 167303 U1 and organoplastics in RU 57862 U1). The main advantages of "dry" winding are: speed (since material impregnation is excluded from the winding process), quality of impregnation (prepreg is better impregnated with a binder, since there is no need for quick impregnation to quickly wind the reinforcing material onto the liner) and the "dry" winding process is cleaner than "wet" (since there is no impregnation section in the winding path).

All known technical solutions using "dry" winding have the following disadvantages:

- prepreg, in order to preserve the necessary properties, must be stored in a cold (the binder is in a viscous or solid state), and it must be warmed up before laying. Moreover, after warming up, the period of its use is limited. In addition, the very process of making and using prepreg is quite laborious - first, the binder is heated and the reinforcing materials are impregnated (as well as in the process of "wet" winding), the resulting product is stored at a low temperature, before the prepreg is wound, it is warmed up and in a heated form is wound onto a liner;

- when laying a heated prepreg, it is necessary to observe the temperature regime;

- it is almost impossible to fix something during the installation process;

- the equipment gets dirty;

- high level of emissions of harmful substances in the working area of the winding;

- the liner and the prepreg laying area must be heated, which is technically difficult;

- technical difficulties in eliminating prepreg breaks during the winding process.

Elimination of some of the above disadvantages is provided by “wet” winding. Also, "wet" winding provides better formability of load-bearing shells of products with their high tightness, therefore, it is mainly used for the manufacture of large-sized shells of complex configuration and high-pressure vessels. And, what is important to achieve the declared technical result (production efficiency), the manufacture of HP cylinders (vessels) by the "wet" winding method is cheaper than by the "dry" winding method, since the operations of cooling the prepreg, storage in a chilled state and its subsequent heating before laying are excluded ...

"Wet" winding (see Fig. 2) is winding with simultaneous impregnation of dry reinforcing materials 2 with a binder component 4 in an impregnating bath 5 located in the ntetrakt (which starts from the coil 1 and ends at the liner 3), and, as a rule, the bath is located directly on the movable stacking carriage of the winding installation (machine), and the squeeze rollers 6 (and / or frame, ring) play the role of a spreader.

The method of "wet" winding in accordance with Fig. 2 is widely known and improved in the inventions described in patents: RU 87492 U1, RU 2382919 C2, RU 2698824 C1, RU 163810 U1, SU 1705112 A1, RU 2586227 C2, RU 2369801 C1, RU 2670289 C2, RU 2236635 C2, RU 2175088 C1, RU 96204 U1, RU 2560125 C2, RU 2310120 C1, RU 2551442 C2, RU 2620134 C2, RU 2631957 C1, RU 99100 U1, RU 2652414 C2, RU 2679689 C1, SU 979143 , RU 1459140 C and SU 175624. In the listed patents, the optimization of the HP cylinder manufacturing is proposed through various methods, but without optimizing the impregnation process, but by optimizing the HP cylinder design, winding schemes, material selection, etc.

Optimization of impregnation devices using "wet" winding with some differences from the impregnation scheme shown in Fig. 2, but at the same time the impregnation of the reinforcing material is also carried out - in the nitetrakt bath, proposed in patents: SU 1070016 A (in order to ensure continuous contact of the reinforcing material with a binder due to the fact that the bath with the binder rotates around the mandrel, and the bath is provided with a hole located above the level of the binder for the passage of the composite material, while the composite material is lowered into the bath using a rod with a guide and is covered with a binder), SU 168169 (in order to impart products of tightness due to a combination of preliminary impregnation of glass cloth before winding on a mandrel and feeding a liquid binder directly onto the glass cloth during winding, - glass cloth is poured with resin in the immediate vicinity of the mandrel), SU 115209 and SU 1212623 (in order to manufacture articles of different diameters due to the possibility of moving the bath high those).

The known technical solutions with the use of "wet" winding and impregnation of the reinforcing material in a bath located in the nitetrakt have the following disadvantages:

- it is necessary to maintain the desired temperature throughout the entire thread path - from the beginning of impregnation in the impregnating bath, in the squeezing system, in the tension system, in the laying ring (frame) and in the intervals between them - up to the liner;

- all equipment is constantly getting dirty with binder and requires constant cleaning and removal of excess and residual binder;

- it is very difficult to regulate (maintain) the temperature and the amount of binder in the impregnated reinforcing material;

- it is almost impossible to fix something during the laying process (remove the necessary part of the wound material and rewind it), including due to the need for stops;

- even minor technological stops can lead to a change in the viscosity of the binder or to its polymerization, the lifetime of the binder itself is limited;

- high level of emissions of harmful substances in the working area of the winding;

- special additional personnel are required to control the application of the binder to the reinforcing material, the removal of excess binder from the cylinder during the winding process, topping up the binder in the bath, etc .;

- the spinning process is unstable (depending on the temperature), during spinning, injury and adhesion of the reinforcing material occurs, incl. frequent breaks of the reinforcing material, and, as a result, the quality of impregnation decreases, the manufacturability decreases due to downtime, the wear of the squeezing element increases (which reduces the squeezing force, i.e. the quality of processing of the reinforcing material), as well as difficulties arise in the new pull of the dry reinforcing material in case of its breakage along the "wet" thread.

The known method of alternate winding, in which some layers are wound by the method of "dry" winding, and others - by the method of "wet" winding (RU 2187746 C2 and RU 2141073 C1). All the disadvantages of "dry" and "wet" winding listed above are inherent in these technical solutions.

In order to eliminate the disadvantages of "dry" and "wet" winding, other methods are used that differ significantly from the schemes shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.

There is a known method of winding threads on long pipes by means of a device including a thermostat for cooling the threads pre-impregnated in a bath before winding them onto a mandrel (WO 2008046878 A1). The use of the device allows you to avoid slipping of the threads on the mandrel, to maintain the exact positioning of these threads on the mandrel, to exclude the squeezing of the fiber threads and to keep the winding area clean (to avoid resin drops).

However, the proposed solution, in addition to the disadvantages inherent in the winding methods discussed above, requires additional technical means of cooling and increases the energy consumption of the winding process.

A device for impregnating fibers on a winding machine with filling spools is known, which contains a chamber with a throttling hole for feeding the impregnating composition into the gap of the die formed by the outer surface of the chamber in the area of the throttling hole and the outer surface of an opposed unit, a pipeline system for supplying the impregnating composition under pressure from storage containers, mounted on the base of the machine, into and out of the chamber, and a means of tensioning the fiber (RU 2177917 C1). The objective of the invention is to create a more reliable device for impregnating fibers, to increase the efficiency of the device by reducing the consumption of the impregnating composition. The technical result achieved by this invention is to improve the quality of fiber impregnation while increasing the productivity of the winding machine.

However, the described device has several disadvantages:

- it is difficult to fill the reinforcing materials into the nitetrakt dies, as well as vary the width of the reinforcing materials. In practice, very often a tape of reinforcing material is formed from a different number of rovings or rovings, i.e. you need to have a whole set of appropriate dies;

- it is very problematic to carry out tension on the impregnated (raw) reinforcing material, especially if we consider that after impregnation, passing between the tension rollers, the reinforcing material cools down when exposed to ambient temperature, and the rollers themselves will need to be heated so that the binder does not stick to them;

- the passage of the nodes through the die entails a short-term increase in tension, which affects the stability of the technological process. The die itself is constantly clogged with fiber particles (elements) of the reinforcing material;

- it is practically very difficult to insert a dry reinforcing material into a “wet” die, since the die is coated with a binder, and the dry reinforcing material sticks to the surfaces of the die during filling and drawing;

- part of the reinforcing material (from the die to the liner) will always remain dry after threading (pulling) the tape at the beginning of work and after breaks;

- this device is rather complicated and expensive, practically not applicable for metal binders.

Also known are methods for manufacturing HP cylinders (vessels), consisting in the fact that dry reinforcing threads are wound on the inner sealing shell of the original design (according to patent RU 2315228 C1), and the reinforcing threads are impregnated with a binder in a vacuum. Vacuum impregnation of reinforcing fibers is also proposed in US2015290885 (A1).

Winding reinforcing materials with dry allows to speed up the process of winding them on the liner (sealing shell) by 20 or more times as compared to raw materials. Impregnation of reinforcing materials with a binder, which is carried out in a vacuum, makes it possible to achieve complete impregnation of the load-bearing shell with a binder.

However, the vacuum impregnation process is very laborious, and the cost of the technological equipment used in the impregnation process is very high.

A known method of manufacturing a HP cylinder and a device for its implementation according to patent RU2180948 C1. A method for manufacturing a HP cylinder includes obtaining a sealed liner, forming a load-bearing shell on it from a reinforced composite material, and curing a binder. When forming the load-bearing shell, a ready-made or pre-made braided frame outside the liner is used, which is put on the liner. The frame edges are secured to the liner flanges. The frame is impregnated with a polymer binder and clamping nuts are installed on the liner flanges. Impregnation of the frame with a low-viscosity polymer binder is carried out in one of the following ways: by completely immersing the article in a bath with a binder; partial immersion of the product in a bath with a binder and subsequent slow rotation; applying a binder by spraying. The quality of the impregnation depends on the density of the framework structure, on the viscosity and type of binder, on additional conditions (evacuation, vibration, ultrasound, etc.).

However, this method of forming a composite shell does not provide the required quality of the load-bearing shell for the following reasons:

- with a separate fabrication of the frame, it is impossible to make a frame of great thickness (from a large number of layers) and tightly covering the bottoms, that is, to meet the requirements that are especially important in high-pressure cylinders (vessels);

- it is quite difficult to reliably fix the wrinkled edges of the frame with clamping nuts to the liner flanges, it is difficult to distribute the required (optimal) amount of force material on the liner, since the optimal (required) amount may require laying the force material at different angles and in several layers to obtain the required strength in the right directions;

- a separately manufactured frame must be sufficiently elastic and fit the cylinder and the bottom of the cylinder, which is possible when the frame is thin and loose enough;

- the method of using the "frame" does not allow creating the required tension of the reinforcing material and controlling it.

A known method of manufacturing a HP cylinder with the formation of an external load-bearing shell by laying on the inner sealed shell, at least one "dry" layer of the load-bearing material and subsequent impregnation of the laid layer with a binder (RU 2426024 C2). The advantage of the method is that the device for impregnating the power layer of the HP cylinder is located separately from the winding machine and contains an impregnating bath with the possibility of filling it with a binder. The bath is equipped with shafts for fastening cylinders, connected to rotating elements, for example, in the form of chain sprockets.

However, this method has the following disadvantages:

- to impregnate the cylinder, it must be removed from the machine and installed in the bath;

- the impregnating bath is a complex technical device with a cylinder rotation mechanism, an evacuation and automation system;

- even when the bath is evacuated and in a very fluid (low viscosity) state, it is quite difficult for the binder composition to penetrate the entire thickness of the wound dry reinforcing material;

- it is difficult to control the degree of impregnation and provide the required amount of binder in the composite material (to determine the time of the end of impregnation).

The closest to the proposed technical solution is a method of continuous production of fiberglass pipes by the winding method, in which, during winding, each laid layer of threads is impregnated with a binder using a drum pressed by levers to the threads, and the drum is partially immersed in a bath with a binder and rotates due to adhesion with the surface of the pipe being manufactured, while applying a binder to the threads (SU 133382 and SU 133383). The advantage of the method is that the impregnation of the reinforcing material 2 (see Fig. 3) with the binder 4 is carried out through the drum 7 located in the bath 5 under the liner 3, i.e. the bath is located outside the thread path, and the reinforcing material passes from the coil 1 through the entire thread path up to the liner in a dry state.

Disadvantages:

- the drum sticks to the stacked material, the temperature of the drum must be controlled and the drum must be washed;

- the drum must have a device for regulating the degree of pressing against the wound reinforcing material, depending on the change in the outer diameter of the pipe during the winding process;

- the drum must have a synchronization device to avoid slipping over the surface of the material being laid and injuring it;

- this impregnation method is suitable only for impregnating tape turns with large winding angles (radial turns, layers). When laying longitudinal (spiral) turns (layers) of material at different angles when winding high pressure cylinders to perform its functions, such a drum must have a length equal to the length of the cylindrical part of the cylinder, which is of great technical difficulty for large cylinders;

- large-sized drums have large inertial characteristics, which makes synchronization when laying longitudinal layers (with variable liner rotation speed) technically difficult to implement;

- the reinforcing material placed on the bottoms of high pressure cylinders remains not impregnated with a binder (dry);

- the method is practically not realizable when using metal binders.

The listed disadvantages significantly limit the use of the methods proposed in these sources, and prevent the desired technical result from being obtained.

The technical result to be achieved by the present invention is to improve the manufacturability of the HP cylinder due to the simplification of production associated with the exclusion of the operation of pulling the reinforcing material tapes through the impregnating device of the nitetrakt and the ease and speed of eliminating breaks in the elements of the reinforcing tapes, reducing material consumption and labor costs, associated with reducing the loss of binder and saving materials when washing the thread. A secondary technical result is an increase in the strength of the composite pressure shell of the HP cylinder.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the method of manufacturing a high-pressure cylinder includes making a liner and forming a load-bearing shell from a reinforcing material and a binder, and is characterized in that the formation of a load-bearing shell is carried out by laying on the liner at least one turn of dry reinforcing material with simultaneous impregnation of the laid coil with a binder, which is located in a bath located directly under the liner installed in the winding device, while the coil of the reinforcing material is impregnated with a binder by immersing at least a part of the cylinder into a bath filled with a heated binder.

In addition, you can set the number of turns and layers of reinforcing material.

In addition, a predetermined stacked number of turns and layers of reinforcing material can be impregnated with a binder.

In addition, a polymer material can be used as a binder.

In addition, a molten metal can be used as a binder.

In addition, the reinforcing material can be preheated.

In addition, the reinforcing material can be selected from the group: organic fiber, metal fiber, mineral fiber, synthetic or polymer fiber.

In addition, the polymeric material can be heated to a temperature at which it has a viscosity sufficient to penetrate the fibers of the reinforcing material.

Also, the technical result is achieved in that the device for impregnating the reinforcing material with a binder is a bath made with the possibility of installing a high-pressure cylinder in it and the possibility of filling it with a binder, and differs in that the impregnation with a binder is carried out simultaneously with the winding of the reinforcing material on the liner, while the bath located directly under the liner.

In addition, the bath can have an inner surface that follows the shape of the balloon.

In addition, temperature and binder level sensors can be installed inside the bath, as well as a device for heating the binder to the desired temperature.

In addition, the bath can be covered from the outside with a heat-insulating material.

In addition, the bath can be equipped with a drain hole with a valve for draining binder residues and cleaning products.

In addition, the bottom of the bath can be positioned with a slope towards the drain valve.

The proposed invention is illustrated by the following drawings:

FIG. 1 - "dry" winding method, analog;

FIG. 2 - "wet" winding method, analogue;

FIG. 3 - a method for continuous production of fiberglass pipes by winding, prototype;

FIG. 4 - a method of manufacturing an HP cylinder, front view;

FIG. 5 - method of manufacturing HP cylinder, side view, with impregnation after winding;

FIG. 6 - a method of manufacturing a HP cylinder, side view, with impregnation after winding.

List of elements in the figures:

1 - coil (bobbin) with reinforcing material;

2 - reinforcing material;

3 - liner;

4 - binder;

5 - impregnating bath;

6 - squeezing rollers;

7 - drum;

8 - liner attachment shaft;

9 - back wall of the bath;

10 - liner axis;

11 - the front wall of the bath;

12 - scale;

13 - recess on the side wall of the bath;

14 - the center of the winding machine;

15 - metering valve;

16 - level sensor;

17 - temperature sensor;

18 - heating device;

19 - dispenser;

20 - drain hole with a valve;

21 - the neck of the balloon;

22 - domed bottom of the balloon;

23 - stacker;

24 - drops of binder;

25 - ring;

26 - balloon;

27 - cylindrical part of the balloon;

28 - device for impregnation.

VD 26 cylinder (Fig. 4), containing a sealed metal inner shell - liner 3; a device for winding an outer load-bearing shell made of reinforcing material 2, including a stacker 23 and a ring 25; and an impregnation device 28 allowing impregnation with the binder 4 simultaneously with the winding of tapes from the reinforcing material 2. The HP cylinder 26 comprises a cylindrical part 27 and two domed bottoms 22 with necks 21 provided with fittings (not shown). It is possible to make a cylinder with one neck - on one bottom.

The liner 3 can be made in the form of a solid or welded and / or stamped-welded shell in any known way from an aluminum or steel alloy, or other metal alloys or polymeric materials.

The outer composite load-bearing shell is formed as follows. On the liner 3, installed in the winding device and heated to the required temperature due to contact during rotation with the binder in the impregnating bath, a specified number of layers of dry (non-impregnated) and, if necessary, reinforcing material, heated to the required temperature, are placed (wound) at given angles. The winding of the dry reinforcement material onto the liner can be accomplished with the devices used in wet winding or prepreg winding and the like. As a reinforcing material, a bundle, roving (or a tape of several bundles, rovings) from a fiber selected from the group: organic fiber, metal fiber, mineral fiber is used. The choice of the type of reinforcing material is determined by the requirements for the level of its strength, taking into account the economic feasibility of its use according to standard methods adopted in the manufacture of high pressure cylinders. The number of layers of reinforcing material and the angles of their laying are determined by known methods from the condition of the required strength of the HP cylinder and the location (for example, in the center of the cylindrical part) or the nature (for example, splinter-free) of its destruction.

The coils (layers) of the reinforcing material laid on the liner are impregnated with a binder heated to the required viscosity. A polymer material, for example, a resin (resin composition), or a melt of a metal, for example, aluminum and its alloys, zinc, copper, titanium, nickel alloys, and the like, can be used as a binder. The choice of the binder is carried out according to standard techniques adopted in the manufacture of HP cylinders. The temperatures of the polymer binder and reinforcing material, which are maintained during the impregnation process, are determined, taking into account the used binder and reinforcing material, experimentally from the condition of ensuring the minimum viscosity, which ensures better penetration of the binder into the fibers of the reinforcing material and the optimal life of the binder before its crystallization. It is known that the higher the temperature, for example, of a polymer binder, the faster it crystallizes. The temperature of the binder - molten metal - is kept close to the melting temperature of the metal used, since a higher temperature can lead to boiling of the melt and its enrichment with gases, which very badly affects its physical and mechanical properties.

The liner of the HP cylinder with layers (layer) of reinforcing material laid on it in a horizontally oriented position is immersed to the desired level in the binder and rotates around the longitudinal axis (cylinder). The liner of the HP cylinder is partially immersed in the binder, only part of its lateral surface is not deeper than the plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, and the necks with the fitting remain above the level of the binder. At the same time, all the rotating elements of the winding device remain dry, as well as the cylinder connection, which simplifies the technology of manufacturing the cylinder and the operation of the impregnation device. When the balloon rotates, its lateral part, immersed in the binder, picks up the necessary portions of the binder, ensuring uniform impregnation of the layers of the reinforcing material, and mixes the binder in the container, which helps to maintain a uniform binder temperature throughout the volume and uniform impregnation.

The time during which the coils (layers) of the reinforcing material are impregnated is determined by the speed of laying the strips of the reinforcing material, and the degree of impregnation is determined by the consumption of the binder, i.e. a drop in its level in the impregnating bath. The drop in the level of the binder in the impregnation bath together with the time the balloon is in the binder and the temperature of the binder are indicators of the degree of impregnation of the reinforcing material with the binder. Typically, the amount of binder in the composite material of the load-bearing shell ranges from 10 to 50% of the weight of the reinforcing material, and in the proposed method it is controlled by the degree of contact pressure of the dry laid strip of reinforcing material on the impregnated strip of the already laid reinforcing material.

Excess binder is squeezed out of the surface of the already laid and wetted reinforcing material by subsequent "dry" turns due to the resulting contact pressure, and flows back into the bath in the form of drops 24. The wound reinforcing material is first wetted in a bath located under the liner, and then squeezed out by the dry reinforcing material of the next layer during winding (laying). A standard scraper or spatula is used to remove excess binder from the last layer wound on the liner of the reinforcing material.

It is also possible to regulate the degree of impregnation and the proportion of the binder remaining in the wound (molded) composite (plastic) by immersing the liner more or less deeply into the bath during winding, while adjusting the level of the binder in the bath and the tension of the reinforcing material. By varying the degree of tension of the wound reinforcing material, it is also possible to control the degree of squeezing of the excess binder from the previous wound layer.

After the completion of the process of winding (laying, forming) of the impregnated reinforcing material, polymerization (crystallization) of the binder is carried out by known methods.

4 also shows a device 28 for impregnating layers of reinforcing material on a liner. The device 28 contains an impregnation bath 5, which is located directly below the cylinder. It is preferable that the inner surface of the bath repeats the shape of the balloon as much as possible and does not have "stagnant" zones that impede intensive mixing of the binder in the bath due to the rotation of the liner.

The bath 5 is made with the possibility of filling it with a binder by means of a binder supply device, a dispenser 19. To drain the binder residues and cleaning products, the bath is equipped with an opening 20 with a valve. In accordance with one embodiment, it is advisable to dispose of the bottom of the bath with a slope towards the drain valve for easy drainage.

The bath 5 can be made of various metal alloys, from which baths are usually made for impregnating reinforcing materials with "dry" or "wet" winding, for example, austenitic stainless or aluminum alloys. For metal binders, it is advisable to use a bath of refractory metals, for example, titanium alloys, etc. According to one variant, it is advisable to cover the outside with a heat-insulating material.

The height of the rear wall 9 (Fig. 5) of the bath 5 is located above the axis 10 to prevent splashing of the binder from the bath at high winding speeds (liner rotation speed). The height of the front wall 11 of the bath is located below the axis 10 for the convenience of visual control of the level of the binder in the bath and the quality of laying and impregnation of the reinforcing material. On the front wall 11 of the bath there is a device for measuring the level of the binder in the bath - a scale 12 with marks (marks) and numbers that are applied to the inner side of the bath wall in any known way, taking into account the chemical and thermal resistance to the type of binder used, for example, laser or shock way. The line connecting the ends of the rear wall 9 and the front wall 11 should run below the axis 10 of the liner, so as not to interfere with its installation in the centers 14 of the winding machine. On the side walls of the bath 5 there are recesses 13 in which the shafts 8 of the liner fastening in the winding device pass to allow the liner to be immersed deeper into the bath and to prevent the binder from splashing in the winding zones of the bottoms of the cylinder.

The device 28 is also provided with heating elements (heating device) 18, such as electrical heating elements of any known design. The heating elements are made with the possibility of heating the binder in the bath and maintaining its specified temperature during the impregnation of the reinforcing material of the HP cylinders. Placing the bath directly under the liner and partially immersing the liner in the bath allows combining the heating of the bath and the liner, because The liner is heated to the desired temperature by the heat from the binder bath.

The device 28 is equipped with temperature sensors 17 (for example, thermocouples) installed at different heights of the impregnating bath wall in order to control not only the temperature level, but also the degree of its uniformity throughout the volume of the binder. Due to the rotation of the liner in the binder in the bath, the binder is constantly mixed, which ensures uniform temperature throughout the volume of the latter. In addition, binder level sensors 16 are installed in the bath 5, for example, of the float type.

To remove harmful volatile substances, a ventilation system (exhaust) is located above the impregnating bath (above the HP cylinder).

The operation of the device 28 and the impregnation of the reinforcing material with a binder is carried out as follows. Before filling the bath 5 with the binder 4, the shafts 8 of the liner 3 passing through the recesses of the bath are installed in the centers 14 of the winder. After preliminary heating, the bath 5 is filled through the dispenser 19 (binder supply device) with the binder to the desired level, being guided by the scale 12. The amount of binder must correspond to the required degree of impregnation of the load-bearing shell. If there is a lack of binder (since its initial level is lower than the cylinder fittings), an additional portion of it is poured through the dispenser. In this case, the level of the binder in the bath should be such as to cover only a part of the side surface of the balloon 26 below the location of the neck with the fitting. The amount of binder poured into the bath 5 is determined by calculation or experiment from the condition of the required degree of impregnation of the power material on the HP cylinder. The required amount (weight) of the binder is determined based on the weight of the dry reinforcing material placed on the impregnated balloon and on the required percentage of the binder in the composite (it is possible as a percentage of the weight of the reinforcing material or as a percentage of the weight of the resulting composite).

The binder 4 in the bath 5 is heated by heating elements 18 to a predetermined temperature. By any known method, a thread is prepared for supplying dry (if necessary, heated to the required temperature) reinforcing material into the winding zone without connecting the tape to the liner of the cylinder. The electric motor of the winding machine is turned on, which drives (rotation) the shaft 8 with the liner 3 installed on it, and the required degree of heating of the liner is controlled by any contactless method of measuring the temperature, for example, using a pyrometer, as well as the uniformity of heating the binder in the bath using temperature sensors 17 ...

When the required temperature parameters of the binder and the liner are reached, the idle rotation is stopped, the tape of dry reinforcing material is fixed on the liner, the electric motors of the winding machine are switched on again and the standard winding (laying) of the dry (if necessary, heated to the required temperature) reinforcing material onto the liner begins.

When the balloon 26 rotates, its lateral part, immersed in the binder 4, picks up the necessary portions of the binder, ensuring uniform impregnation of the layers of the reinforcing material. In addition, when the balloon rotates, the binder in the bath is mixed, which ensures that a uniform temperature of the binder in the bath is maintained and also contributes to uniform impregnation of the reinforcing material.

The temperature of the binder is controlled by temperature sensors 17 and is kept constant (set value) by means of heating elements 18. Level sensors 16 control the level of the binder in the bath during the impregnation process. When the level of the binder falls below the required level, the binder is added using a dosing device, or, if the required amount of reinforcing material has already been placed, then the impregnation is stopped, the remaining binder is drained from the bath, the excess binder is removed from the last layer of reinforcing material by hand with a spatula, the electric motor is turned off and taken out wound balloon. Topping up the binder is carried out, for example, when the thickness of the winding is large enough and one portion of the binder for the required degree of impregnation may not be enough, since the cylinders are immersed in the binder no deeper than the outer diameter of their neck, or when the diameter of the neck of the cylinder is close to the diameter of the cylinder itself, or when it is required constantly maintain a high level of binder in the bath, in order to increase the percentage of binder in the finished wound composite, and it is impossible to reduce the tape tension of the reinforcing material and, accordingly, the contact pressure between the tape turns, due to technological requirements, etc. Adding the binder to the bath, as well as visual control of the binder deposition on the reinforcing material and removing the excess binder from the cylinder is performed by the operator of the winding machine (rewinder). Adding the binder to the bath can be done manually, - by means of the valve 15 of the dispenser 19, or automatically, - by a dosing device controlled by the level sensor of the binder in the bath.

At the end of the winding (laying) of the reinforcing material, the excess binder from the bath is drained to a level below the surface of the cylinder. After that, the operator manually removes the excess binder from the surface of the rotating "idle" cylinder using a spatula (scraper) only from the last layer, when the winding of the reinforcing material is over. Excess binder from all previous layers are squeezed out of the surface of the already laid and wetted reinforcing material by subsequent dry turns due to the resulting contact pressure.

If it is necessary to adjust the wound reinforcing material during the laying process, it is possible to remove the wound reinforcing material and rewind a new one. The coil 1 (Fig. 5) with the reinforcing material is located above the liner 3, and in the event of a stop, the binder along the reinforcing material will not flow out of the bath towards the coil 1.

The invention allows:

1. Eliminate the stoppages of the stacker for pouring new portions of the binder into the impregnating bath (as opposed to the usual "wet" winding, when the bath moves with the stacker all the time and it is necessary to stop the winding process or use complex filling devices).

2. Increase the winding speed (pulling the reinforcing material through the entire string), because there is no need to slowly pull the reinforcing material through the bath and drums in order to saturate it with a binder and squeeze out excess - up to 20 times, as indicated by the authors of the patent RU No. 2315228 C1.

3. Avoid splashing and dripping of the binder when pulling the "wet" reinforcing material through the thread and the ring ("point", frame, shafts) of the stacker, as well as uneven impregnation of the reinforcing material. This is especially evident in the case of "wet" winding of spiral layers with small winding angles, since the speed of movement (pulling) of the reinforcing material, and hence its tension (degree of impregnation), changes significantly - from the minimum (maximum for the degree of impregnation) when bypassing the poles (bottoms ) of the liner to the maximum (minimum for the degree of impregnation) when it is pulled along the cylindrical part of the liner.

4. To improve the quality of the impregnation of the reinforcing material and winding on the liner by reducing the distance from the traditional impregnating bath to the liner surface (passing a considerable distance from the impregnating bath to the liner in the room temperature environment, the impregnated reinforcing material cools down and loses the required technological parameters). This is especially important when winding large-sized items.

5. Improve the quality of winding due to the possibility of adjusting the wound reinforcing material during the laying process (removing a part of the wound reinforcing material and winding a new one again), since such stops do not affect the parameters of the binder and the quality of the technological process, and it is quite easy to resume it after stops.

6. Eliminate mechanical influences on the reinforcing material during the impregnation process (passing through the thread and the impregnating bath in the process of "wet" winding, the reinforcing material is exposed to significant mechanical influences - bends on drums, knives to remove excess binder, shafts that provide the required tension of the reinforcing material, adhesion to the elements of the impregnation path and systems of tension and laying of the reinforcing material, etc., which leads to injury and breakage).

7. To increase the accuracy and stability of the tension adjustment of the reinforcing material (the effects of adhesion and changes in the viscosity of the binder due to its aging or changes in the ambient temperature are excluded).

8. To regulate the degree of impregnation and the proportion of the binder remaining in the wound (formed) composite (plastic) by more or less deep immersion of the liner in the bath during winding, while adjusting the level of the binder in the bath and the amount of tension of the reinforcing material (by tension of the wound reinforcing material, it is possible regulate the degree of squeezing of excess binder from the previous wound layer).

9. Optimize (simplify) the manufacturing technology of the cylinder due to the fact that it is necessary to control the temperature of only the liner and the binder in the bath, in contrast to the traditional methods of "wet" winding, in which the temperature must be maintained throughout the entire thread - from the beginning of impregnation in the impregnating bath , in the spinning system, in the tensioning system, in the laying ring and in the intervals between them - all the way to the liner. In addition, it is possible to combine the heating of the liner with the heating of the bath, because The liner is located above the hot bath and is partially submerged in it, and, accordingly, it is heated to the required temperature from the heat coming from the bath with the binder.

10. Reduce production waste, because surplus binder is drained from the product back into the impregnation bath (rather than onto the floor, bedding or pallets as in other methods).

11. Control the application of the binder to the reinforcing material, remove excess binder from the cylinder, add binder to the bath, etc. can be performed by one operator of the winding machine (rewinder), because impregnation is carried out on the cylinder itself - i.e. in the operator's area. In the cases disclosed in the known sources of information, in the case of "wet" winding, impregnation is carried out in an impregnation bath located in the thread path, as a rule, constantly moving during the winding process together with the stacker, i.e. in an area that the operator cannot control and maintain without stopping the winding process. In the proposed invention, the operator removes the excess binder from the cylinder using a spatula / scraper only from the last layer, when the winding of the reinforcing material has finished, and the operator can safely perform this operation, and the excess binder from all previous layers is squeezed from the surface of the already laid and moistened reinforcing material by subsequent dry turns due to the resulting sufficiently high contact pressure.

12. Create the required tension and control it, as well as create multilayer shells through the use of additive technology (the reinforcing material is constantly impregnated in the process of winding on the liner), in contrast to the method described in patent RU No. 2180948 C1.

13. Optimize (simplify) the removal of harmful volatile substances by positioning the ventilation system only above the stationary impregnating bath (above the HP cylinder), in contrast to the traditional "wet" winding method, in which the ventilation system has to be additionally located above the movable bath and above the impregnated binder reinforcing material moving after the impregnating bath to the liner.

14. Eliminate injury to the reinforcing material due to the absence of intermediate elements for wringing in the winding path.

15. To exclude the porosity of the formed (wound) composite, in contrast to other methods of "wet" and, especially, "dry" winding, since the non-wetted reinforcing material passes the air through itself much easier between the already wound wet and dry windings laid on top, than impregnated with a binder.

16. As a binder, you can use a molten metal, which is impossible in standard winding methods ("dry" or "wet"), since the metal will immediately solidify, not reaching the liner along the line.

In addition to the above-described embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of winding with simultaneous impregnation in a bath 5 (Fig. 6) located directly under the liner 3 is possible. The impregnation of the reinforcing material 2 is carried out incl. before winding it onto the liner. This variant of pre-impregnation is similar to the method of conventional "wet" winding, the diagram of which is shown in Fig. 2, except that in the proposed embodiment, the bath is located directly under the liner, the liner is immersed in the binder, and during the winding process the wound reinforcing material is impregnated again, which gives a number of additional advantages to those described above:

1. A metal melt can be used as a binder, which is impossible in standard winding methods ("dry" or "wet"), since the metal will immediately solidify, not reaching the liner along the line.

2. Increase the degree of impregnation due to double impregnation - the reinforcing material is impregnated before winding on the liner and during the winding process (by immersing the liner in a bath with a binder), in contrast to the previous embodiment of the proposed invention (shown in Fig. 4, 5).

However, in this embodiment, the winding speed is lower than in the first proposed version (with impregnation after winding), because at high speeds, binder splashes can be sprayed onto the operator. In addition, it is technically more difficult to pull the tape of the reinforcing material, when it breaks, through the ring 25.

The above examples of the preferred implementation of the invention, containing indications of individual embodiments, do not exhaust possible changes and additions obvious to a person skilled in the art, which do not affect the essence of the technical solution characterized by the claims.

Claims (14)

1. A method of manufacturing a high-pressure cylinder, including the manufacture of a liner and the formation of a load-bearing shell from a reinforcing material and a binder, characterized in that the formation of a load-bearing shell is carried out by laying on the liner at least one turn of dry reinforcing material with simultaneous impregnation of the laid loop with a binder located in a bath located directly under the liner installed in the winding device, while the coil of the reinforcing material is impregnated with a binder by immersing at least a part of the cylinder into a bath filled with a heated binder. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a predetermined number of turns and layers of reinforcing material are created. 3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that a predetermined laid number of turns and layers of reinforcing material is impregnated with a binder. 4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a polymer material is used as a binder. 5. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a metal melt is used as a binder. 6. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reinforcing material is preheated. 7. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reinforcing material is selected from the group: organic fiber, metal fiber, mineral fiber, synthetic or polymer fiber. 8. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the polymeric material is heated to a temperature at which it has a viscosity sufficient to penetrate the fibers of the reinforcing material. 9. A device for impregnating a reinforcing material with a binder, which is a bath made with the possibility of installing a high-pressure cylinder in it and the possibility of filling it with a binder, characterized in that the impregnation with a binder is carried out simultaneously with the winding of the reinforcing material on the liner, while the bath is located directly under the liner. 10. A device according to claim 9, characterized in that the bath has an inner surface that follows the shape of the balloon. 11. A device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that temperature and binder level sensors are installed inside the bath, as well as a device for heating the binder to the desired temperature. 12. A device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the bath is covered from the outside with a heat-insulating material. 13. The device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the bath is equipped with a drain hole with a valve for draining the residual binder and cleaning products. 14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that the bottom of the bath is located with a slope towards the drain valve.

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