RU2744683C1 - Combined method of disintegration of a rock mass in the development of thin ore veins - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for the development of thin ore veins folded by strong rocks containing valuable mineral raw materials. It's a combined method of disintegration of a rock mass in the development of thin ore veins, including laser action on the rock in the near-surface layer of the processed rock mass, followed by layer-by-layer milling of rocks with a combine. Laser slits are cut along the boundaries of the contacts of a thin ore vein and mineralized host rocks with a gas-liquid jet supplied to the laser treatment zone for cooling and cracking the material. Selective mining of the near-surface layer of a thin ore vein and mineralized host rocks is carried out sequentially. A thin ore vein is mined with a disk cutter within the boundaries of the contacts, and mineralized host rocks with a paired disk cutter are mined outside the boundaries of the contacts to ensure the possibility of deepening the disk cutter with a casing during the subsequent pass. The ore mass of a thin ore vein loosened by a disk cutter is poured into a storage tank, and a rock mass of mineralized enclosing rocks loosened by a paired disk cutter is poured into a container. After working off the near-surface layer to the depth of softening, the combine is returned to its original position along the rails, the telescopic struts of the swing frame are lifted and the combine is re-passed. After the formation of the working to the design depth, drilling of boreholes is carried out, along with their loading and blasting of the boundary massif of mineralized enclosing rocks.

EFFECT: combined method provides higher productivity and technological efficiency by increasing functionality, reliability and ensuring the selectivity of the extraction of thin ore veins, reducing dilution, and reducing the environmental load in the mining area.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used for the development of thin ore veins, composed of strong rocks containing valuable mineral raw materials.

The known method of mechanized development of thin gold veins together with mineralized host rocks at the Darasun mine [1].

The method does not provide the possibility of developing hard rocks of a thin ore vein and hard mineralized host rocks. Selective mining of fine vein rich ore is not ensured. This leads to the dilution of the rich ore by mineralized host rocks.

A known method for the development of low-power inclined veins, performed by a milling device containing two paired disc cutters, a pneumatic transportation system for loosened rock mass, a frame with power devices and hydraulic supports providing autonomous step movement [2].

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of developing hard rocks of a thin ore vein and hard mineralized host rocks.

There is a method of separating stone blocks from the massif, which consists in mechanical drilling of boreholes along the split lines to create an additional plane of exposure, cutting longitudinal and end slits with laser devices, separating the stone block from the massif by shock waves by applying a pulsed electric discharge to the electrodes placed in the boreholes and immersed into an electrically conductive solution [3].

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of selective mining of thin ore veins.

The closest in technological and technical essence is a method of preparation for rock excavation using laser action and an automated complex for its implementation, including a high-temperature thermodynamic slit laser action on the rock in the near-surface layer of the mass being processed by a laser device with a compressed air supply system, for dust removal from zones of laser processing, with the formation of laser slits, providing a high concentration of stresses, alternating loads and deformation, followed by layer-by-layer milling of rocks with a combine [4].

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of selective mining of thin ore veins.

The technical result consists in increasing productivity and technological efficiency by increasing the functionality, reliability and ensuring the selectivity of the extraction of thin ore veins, reducing dilution, reducing the environmental load on the environment in the mining area.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the combined method of disintegration of a rock mass in the development of thin ore veins, including a high-temperature thermodynamic slit laser action on the rock in the near-surface layer of the mass being processed by a laser device with a compressed air supply system, for dust removal from the laser processing zone, with the formation of laser slots providing a high concentration of stresses, alternating loads and deformation with subsequent layer-by-layer milling of rocks with a miner, laser slots are cut along the boundaries of the contacts of a thin ore vein and mineralized host rocks with the supply of compressed air to the laser processing zone under pressure together with a sprayed liquid in the form of a gas-liquid jet for cooling and cracking of material in the laser processing zone, while selective mining of the near-surface layer of a thin ore vein and mineralized host rocks is carried out sequentially, with a thin the ore vein is mined with a disk cutter within the boundaries of the contacts, and mineralized host rocks with a paired disk cutter - outside the boundaries of the contacts, to ensure the possibility of deepening a disk cutter with a casing during the subsequent pass, while a laser device, a disk cutter with a casing, a paired disk cutter with a casing, storage , the container is installed on a pivot frame, while the positioning of the pivot frame on hinges relative to the vertical axis is carried out by means of a hydraulic cylinder taking into account the angle of incidence of a thin ore vein, while the ore mass of a thin ore vein loosened by a disk cutter is poured into the storage tank through the casing and corrugated pipeline, and the loosened steam room With a disk cutter, the rock mass of mineralized enclosing rocks through the casing and the corrugated pipeline is poured into a container, while after working out the near-surface layer to the depth of softening, the combine returns to its original position along the rails of the combine, lifting the telescopic struts, turn from the frame and the repeated passage of the harvester, after the formation of the working to the design depth, drilling of boreholes is carried out, their loading and blasting of the boundary massif of mineralized enclosing rocks.

The ability to form the required sequence of actions performed by the proposed means allows you to solve the problem, determines the novelty, industrial applicability and inventive level of development.

FIG. 1 is a general view of a combine during the development of a thin ore vein and mineralized enclosing rocks; in fig. 2 - section a-a in Fig. one; in fig. 3 - section b-b in Fig. one; in fig. 4 - section b-b in fig. one; in fig. 5 - section a-a in Fig. 1 after shaping by a combine, with extended telescopic struts, working to the design depth; in fig. 6 is a diagram of the preparation of the near-contour massif for explosive loosening.

The combined method of disintegration of a rock mass in the development of thin ore veins is carried out by a combine 1, which includes a laser device 2 with a compressed air supply system 3 for dust removal from the laser processing zone 4, a disc cutter 5 with a casing 6 and a corrugated pipeline 7, a paired disc cutter 8 with a casing 9 and a corrugated pipeline 10, a storage device 11, a container 12, mounted on a pivot frame 13 with telescopic racks 14. The combine 1 is mounted on rails 15. The positioning of the pivot frame 13 on the hinges 16 relative to the vertical axis 17 is carried out by means of a hydraulic cylinder 18, taking into account the angle of incidence 19 of a fine ore veins 20. Laser slots 21 are cut in the near-surface layer 22 along the boundaries of contacts 23, 24 of a thin ore vein 20 and mineralized host rocks 25. A thin ore vein 20 is mined by a disc cutter 5 to a depth of softening 26 within the boundaries of contacts 27, and mineralized host rocks 25 are paired disc milling cutter 8 - beyond the boundaries of ontacts 28, 29. Production 30 is formed to the design depth 31, in the boundary massif 32 of mineralized enclosing rocks 25, boreholes 33 are drilled.

The combined method of disintegration of a rock mass in the development of thin ore veins is carried out as follows.

A high-temperature thermodynamic slit laser action is carried out on the rock in the near-surface layer 22 of the mass being processed by a laser device 2 with a compressed air supply system 3, for dust removal from the laser treatment zone 4, with the formation of laser slits 21, providing a high concentration of stresses, alternating loads and deformation, followed by by layer-by-layer milling of rocks with a combine 1. Laser slots 21 are cut along the boundaries of contacts 23, 24 of a thin ore vein 20 and mineralized enclosing rocks 25 with the supply of compressed air to the laser treatment zone 4 under pressure together with a sprayed liquid in the form of a gas-liquid jet for cooling and cracking the material in the laser processing zone 4. Selective mining of the near-surface layer 22 of a thin ore vein 20 and mineralized host rocks 25 is carried out sequentially. A thin ore vein 20 is mined by a disc cutter 5 within the boundaries of contacts 27, and mineralized host rocks 25 by a paired disc cutter 8 - outside the boundaries of contacts 28, 29, to enable the deepening of a disc cutter 5 with a casing 6 during the subsequent pass. A laser device 2, a disc cutter 5 with a casing 6, a paired disc cutter 8 with a casing 9, a storage device 11, a container 12 are mounted on a rotary frame 13. The positioning of the rotary frame 13 on the hinges 16 relative to the vertical axis 17 is carried out by means of a hydraulic cylinder 18, taking into account the angle of incidence 19 a thin ore vein 20. The ore mass of a thin ore vein 20, loosened by a disc cutter 5, is poured into a reservoir 11 through a casing 6 and a corrugated pipeline 7, and a rock mass of mineralized enclosing rocks, loosened by a paired disc cutter 8, is poured into a container 12 through casing 9 and a corrugated pipeline 10 After working off the near-surface layer 22 to a depth of softening 26, the return on rails 15 of the harvester 1 to its original position is carried out, the telescopic struts 14 of the swing frame 13 are lifted and the re-passage of the harvester 1. After the formation of the working 30 to the design depth 31, boreholes 33 are drilled, they are loaded and blasted edge massif 32 mineralized host rocks 25.

The combined method provides an increase in productivity and technological efficiency by increasing the functionality, reliability and ensuring the selectivity of the extraction of thin ore veins, reducing dilution, and reducing the environmental load on the environment in the mining area.

Sources of information:

1. Gorash Yu.Yu. Development of gold mining at the Darasun mine // Mining information and analytical bulletin. - 2004. - No. 11. S. 154-156.

2. RF patent No. 2705984 dated 11/14/2019. Method for the development of low-power oblique veins.

3. RF patent No. 2688701 dated 05/22/2019. Method of separating stone blocks from the massif.

4. RF patent No. 2527445 dated August 27, 2014. A method of preparation for rock excavation using laser action and an automated complex for its implementation.

Claims (1)

A combined method of disintegration of a rock mass in the development of thin ore veins, including a high-temperature thermodynamic slit laser action on the rock in the near-surface layer of the mass being processed by a laser device with a compressed air supply system, for dust removal from the laser treatment zone, with the formation of laser slits, providing a high concentration of stresses, alternating loads and deformation followed by layer-by-layer milling of rocks with a miner, characterized in that laser slits are cut along the boundaries of the contacts of a thin ore vein and mineralized host rocks with the supply of compressed air to the laser treatment zone under pressure together with a sprayed liquid in the form of a gas-liquid jet for cooling and cracking of the material in the zone of laser processing, while the selective development of the near-surface layer of a thin ore vein and mineralized host rocks is carried out sequentially, with a thin ore vein working out with a disk cutter within the boundaries of the contacts, and mineralized enclosing rocks with a paired disk cutter - outside the boundaries of the contacts to ensure the possibility of deepening a disk cutter with a casing during the subsequent pass, while a laser device, a disk cutter with a casing, a paired disk cutter with a casing, a drive, a container are installed on the rotary frame, while the positioning of the rotary frame on the hinges relative to the vertical axis is carried out by means of a hydraulic cylinder taking into account the angle of incidence of a thin ore vein, while the ore mass of a thin ore vein loosened by a disc cutter is poured into a storage tank through the casing and a corrugated pipeline, and the mass of mineralized enclosing rocks is poured into the container through the casing and the corrugated pipeline, while after mining the near-surface layer to the depth of softening, the combine is returned to its original position along the rails of the combine, the telescopic struts of the rotary frame are lifted and repeated the miner passes, after the formation of the working to the design depth, bore-holes are drilled, their loading and blasting of the near-contour massif of mineralized enclosing rocks.

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